Ányos Jedlik

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Memorial in Győr together with Gregor Czuczor
Old siphon bottle for soda water

Ányos István Jedlik [ ˈaːɲoʃ ˈiʃtvaːn ˈjɛdlik ] (Hungarian) also Slovak Štefan Anián Jedlík or Anton Štefan Jedlík ; (Born  January 11, 1800 in Szimő (today Zemné / Slovakia ); † December 13, 1895 in Győr ), was a Hungarian priest , physicist , scientist, teacher and inventor .

resume

His parents, who were simple Hungarian farmers, sent him to the Benedictine high school in Pressburg (today: Bratislava ). When he finished high school , he entered the Benedictine order in 1817 and was ordained a priest at the age of 25 . He also worked as a teacher in Pressburg from 1831 to 1839. After his time in Pressburg, he took over the care of the specialist cabinet in the Győr grammar school, where he regularly carried out physical experiments. He was then a professor at the University of Budapest from 1840 to 1879 , until he retired around 1880.

In 1848 he volunteered for the Volkssturm. When the bombardment began on Pest, he brought his experimental equipment to safety. After the failed fight for freedom , hard times began for him. He had difficulty finding his place in life. Although he was allowed to teach again, he was only allowed to teach in German.

A cousin of Jedlik Ányos was Gregor Czuczor , also a Benedictine priest and literary scholar (1800 to 1866).

Inventions

In 1826 he made soda water to surprise his confreres . He also used the artificially produced soda water to treat cholera sufferers . The first whirlpool was built according to his plans. He also developed the soda water bottle required for this. The company went bankrupt and he was unable to get any financial benefit from his invention.

Jedlik constructed a DC motor in 1829 , which is an archetype of the electric motor .

As early as 1853 he recognized the dynamo-electric principle when building a unipolar machine and then developed a dynamo machine in 1861 . Jedlik discovered the dynamo principle five years before Werner von Siemens and Charles Wheatstone . However, this has also been forgotten, as has the invention of Søren Hjorth , who received the first patent for a self-excited dynamo machine in 1854 .

Even before Jedlik, the French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii built the first known alternating current generator in 1832 and later also a generator for pulsating direct current.

In 1840 Jedlik became a professor at Pest University . In 1841 he was one of the first to join the Hungarian Natural Science Society and in 1858 he became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences . He also changed the technical language in physics and chemistry from Latin to Hungarian, which became the official language in 1844.

His devices were also exhibited at the World Exhibition in Vienna in 1873 , where he was awarded the “Progress” prize on the recommendation of Siemens.

literature

Web links

Commons : Ányos Jedlik  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jedlik Ányos on Hungary Guide, accessed on March 1, 2010
  2. ↑ Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950, Vol. 3, Graz / Cologne 1965, p. 92; Otto Mahr: The emergence of the dynamo machine , Berlin 1941, pp. 81–83
  3. ^ First generator by H. Pixii
personal data
SURNAME Jedlik, Ányos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jedlik, Ányos István
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian physicist and inventor
DATE OF BIRTH January 11, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Szimő
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1895
Place of death Győr