Austrian hogweed

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Austrian hogweed
Austrian hogweed (Heracleum austriacum), illustration

Austrian hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum ), illustration

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Genre : Bear Claw ( Heracleum )
Type : Austrian hogweed
Scientific name
Heracleum austriacum
L.

The Austrian hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum ) is a plant species within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). It thrives in the mountains.

description

Austria hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum )

The Austrian hogweed grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters, rarely up to 90 centimeters. The stem has a diameter of only 3 to 4 millimeters at the base and is slightly furrowed. The leaves are pinnate five to seven. The lateral leaflets are egg-shaped to egg-lanceolate. The leaf pairs are in one to three distant pinnate pairs.

The flowering period extends from July to August. The double-gold inflorescence has a maximum diameter of 10 centimeters. The flowers are white or slightly pink. It is noticeable that the outward-facing bracts are greatly enlarged (as in the Breitsame ( Orlaya )). The fruit is flat, rounded and about 8 mm long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22 for both subspecies.

Occurrence

The Austrian hogweed occurs in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Slovenia. It is an east alpine floral element . In Austria the Austrian hogweed is common to rare. Particularly noteworthy is the distribution in Switzerland , where this species only occurs in the Napf area in the Emmental and thus grows hundreds of kilometers away from the next population.

They are mainly found in the subalpine vegetation zone . There it grows in Rost-Seggerasen (Caricetum ferrugineae), grass and tall herbaceous corridors as well as light bushes on calcareous, fresh and humus rock rubble soils.

Subspecies

Two subspecies are distinguished in the excursion flora for Austria :

  • White Austria hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum subsp. Austriacum ) has white petals. The outer, strongly promoted ones are 5 to 8 millimeters long. The two tips are each 1 to 2 millimeters wide. The inflorescence has 7 to 13 umbel rays. It occurs in the high-montane to sub-alpine altitudes, especially in the Northern Limestone Alps : Lower Austria, Styria, Upper Austria, Salzburg, easternmost North Tyrol, in Bavaria in the Königssee area and in Switzerland.
  • Red Austria hogweed or Merk hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum subsp. Siifolium (Scop.) Nyman ) has pink or red petals. The outer ones are 6 to 10 millimeters long. The two tips are 1.8 to 3.5 millimeters wide. It has six to ten umbel rays. It is endemic to the southeastern Alps: it occurs in southern Carinthia (particularly Karawanken) as well as in northern Slovenia and northeastern Italy.

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Apiaceae, Yearbook of the Society of Swiss Perennial Friends (GSS)
  • Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. 3rd revised edition. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-258-06313-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heracleum austriacum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  722 .
  3. ↑ a b c Ralf Hand (2011): Apiaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Heracleum

Web links

Commons : Austrian hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files