Eastern Rhön foreland
| Eastern Rhön foreland | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| surface | 134 km² | ||
| Greater region 1st order | Southwest German step country | ||
| Main unit group | 13 → Main Franconian plates |
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| 4th order region (main unit) |
138 2 → Werra-Gäuplatten |
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| 5th order region | 353.3 (according to the old assignment to the Rhön) → Eastern Rhön foreland |
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| Natural area characteristics | |||
| Landscape type | Layered landscape, shell limestone and red sandstone | ||
| Highest peak | High school ( 538 m ) | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 29 '7.1 " N , 10 ° 18' 6.8" E | ||
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| circle | District of Rhön-Grabfeld , District of Schmalkalden-Meiningen | ||
| state | Bavaria , Thuringia | ||
With Eastern Rhön foreland southeastern continuation of the South is leading Rhon to shell the Werra-Gäuplatten in the southwest of Thuringia ( Schmalkalden-Meiningen ) and in the north of Bavaria ( Lower Franconia , the district of Rhön-grave field called). Its core area attracts in red sandstone move left the scattering of northeast Fladungens to northeast Ostheims to the east of the mouth of the barrel of Sulz by a limestone-ridge east to the breakthrough of Bibra in Bibra continue. The highest elevations are in the (north) west part of the 535 m above sea level. NHN high Königsburg , in the eastern part the 538 m high high school .
The approximately 134 km² (of which about 106 km² in Bavaria) encompassing natural spatial unit or "landscape" of the Eastern Rhön foothills , in addition to the two mountain ranges, also includes the Fladunger Mulde to the west near Sondheim . To the north, southwest of Meiningen , the mountain ranges are joined by the Sülze basin between Stedtlingen and Sülzfeld ; this landscape is separated by a limestone sill with Henneberg Castle from the Bibraer Sattel, which adjoins it to the southeast, southeast of Meiningen.
To the south, the main mountain ranges are covered by the Mellrichstädter Gäu with Mellrichstadt in the southeast. All of the above-mentioned landscapes together form the eastern Rhön foothills in the broader sense , which stretches to the east until just before the Gleichberge and to the south until just before the scattered estuary.
Location and limits
The eastern Rhön foothills in the narrower sense is framed, counterclockwise, by the following Rhön mountains and locations:
- Stellberg ( 662.3 m ), Abtsberg ( 621.7 m ) and Wurmberg ( Hohes Kreuz , 547.7 m ) in the far north-west
- at the litter downstream:
- Fladungen in the northwest
- Nordheim in front of the Rhön in the southeast
- Ostheim in front of the Rhön and Stockheim (rock boundary) in the south
- Schwickershausen in the east south
- at the Bibra in the far east downstream:
- Rentwertshausen
- Bibra
- Henneberg (rock boundary) in the east
- Southern outskirts of the municipality of Rhönblick northwest of Henneberg
- Neuberg ( 638.8 m ) and Hutsberg ( 639.3 m ) in the extreme northeast
- on the Herpf in the north upstream
The north-western part of the landscape is traversed centrally by the Sulz , whose mouth runs along the rock boundary; the most important place on the stream is Willmars . The eastern part is divided into two segments from north to south by the Fallbach , the right source creek of the Mahlbach , which drains to the streu . It rises near the hamlet of Einödhausen , not far southeast of Henneberg's core town.
Different boundaries
On sheet 126 Fulda, the northwest border of the landscape is laid out as a non-linearly definable border between Stellberg and Abtsberg, which was also adopted by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation for the landscape profile. The Abtsberg would be the highest elevation with a lead of almost 100 meters compared to the highest elevations in the central landscapes. The notch between Stellberg and Abtsberg alone is a good 560 meters higher than all the peaks in the interior of the landscape. In addition, Abtsberg and Wurmberg differ from the mountains of the north-western ridge geologically due to their basalt cover and surrounding shell limestone, and are clearly part of the Rhön.
The Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (TLUG) uses the natural spaces of Thuringia almost completely its own terms in its internal structure , but also uses the term Vorderrhön. This ends after the border was drawn by TLUG north of the Herpftal, which means that Neuberg and Hutsberg would be outside, while Abtsberg, which was already on the border with Bavaria, was clearly recorded within the Rhön. Something similar applies to Neuberg and Hutsberg as to Abtsberg. However, the two basalt shields are smaller and less powerful compared to the Abtsberg. In addition, its gorge to the Diesburg ( 711.8 m ) in the north-west is only a good 440 m high and thus lower than that to the mountains of the foothills to the west - to the neighboring Steinkopf ( 522.6 m ) to the west it is a good 470 m high .
Eastern Rhön foreland in the broader sense
The natural spatial unit of the Eastern Rhön foreland (No. 353.3) identified in the sheets Fulda 140 Schweinfurt (1968) and 126 Fulda (1969) of the geographical regional survey 1: 200,000 includes, in addition to the mountain ranges mentioned, the Quaternary , flat- wave Fladunger Mulde (? ??) around Sondheim in the west, whose tertiary rocks lie on top of floating earth . This unit was assigned to the main unit Vorder- und Kuppenrhön (with land ridge) (353), which is somewhat in contradiction to the popular view as well as the local place names, which often end with “before” and “on” the Rhön .
Heinz Späth , author of sheet 141 Coburg, continued in 1987 the extreme south-east of the landscape on his sheet section in the demarcation up to the Bibra, but at the same time emphasized that this landscape should be attributed to the Werra-Gäuplatten in terms of its natural features. Within these forms Eastern Rhön foreland in the strict sense together with the north to northeast subsequent landscapes aspic pool and Bibraer saddle the southwest part.
The Mellrichstädter Gäu (138 2 .00), which adjoins the mountain ranges to the south, is geomorphologically similar to the aforementioned landscapes. They all differ from the core landscape of the Werra-Gäuplatten in that the shell limestone is repeatedly interrupted by red sandstone and some shell limestone is only found on the mountain tops, while in the Kern-Gäuplatten this rock is only found in the valleys of the great rivers Werra and Hasel is interrupted.
All of the landscapes mentioned, with the exception of the Fladunger Mulde, reach heights of 530 m , which means that they are clearly dominated by the neighboring Rhön, but in turn just overlook the Kern-Gäuplatten and the grave field to the southeast . Of the Rhönabdachungen further north ( city Lengsfelder hills (359.0), the right of Katza only in proximity to the 750.7 m high Gebaberg just 500 meters reaching) and to the southwest ( Südrhön , left the Brend to 468 m ), they differ in particular in its main rock , which also shapes their geomorphology and fertility. Sülzebecken, Bibraer Sattel and especially Fladunger Mulde and Mellrichstädter Gäu bear fertile soils and, unlike the core foreland, Südröhn or Stadtlengsfelder Hügelland, are only forested to a small extent. The mountains are comparatively independent and the highest heights are not only reached near the Rhön.
geology
The middle red sandstone of the north-western part of the eastern Rhön foreland in the narrower sense corresponds to the geological structure of the Willmarser Sattel , which is separated from the geologically analogous (geological) Bibraer Sattel by the geological (!) Hollow structure of the Henneberger Riegel. Geomorphologically, one saddle manifests itself as a mountain range, the other as a basin landscape. In fact, the Sülzfeld and Bibra basins are typical depressions.
The middle red sandstone of the Willmarser saddle stretches from the litter between Fladungen and Nordheim in a tapering form over the valley of the Sulz with Wollmars and further over Hermannsfeld to Sülzfeld , that of the Bibraer saddle extends from Bibra as the center, to the north only to Wölfershausen and similarly far to the southeast. Middle red sandstone is also island-like near Bauerbach and southeast of it, otherwise the lowlands are characterized by upper red sandstone. This gradually merges from the north to the eastern Kern mountain range into lower Muschelkalk , with the north-facing valleys in the upper red sandstone. On the southern flank of the ridge, after a narrow area of the middle Muschelkalk, the landscape falls in a craggy layer to the upper Muschelkalk, which in the east, near Schwickershausen and east of it, soon changes into Keuper rocks . This stratification along the Haina fault that runs to Haina and the Kleiner Gleichberg is also preserved to the right of the opening of the Bibra and forms ridge-like ridges directly to the east of it.
It is characteristic of the mountain ranges of the Bibraer Saddle that the lower Muschelkalk only appears like an island in the high areas and the middle one cannot be reached at all. This distinguishes them from the actual Werra-Gäuplatten, which geologically and orographically form large coherent plateaus, which as a rule even reach the level of the upper shell limestone (exception: the Drei 30acker plateau ). The Stillberg in the north, west of Untermaßfeld and directly on the Werra valley , is already a transitional stage. Its summit is already plateau-like and also reaches the middle Muschelkalk.
In the Mellrichstädter Gäu, in the more fertile eastern part around Mellrichstadt, there are mainly upper and middle red sandstone. To the west this is replaced by the lower one, which, only locally with the upper Buntsandstein as an intermediate stage, runs around the middle Buntsandstein at Heidelberg and northwest of it.
In the Fladunger Mulde, rocks from the Triassic are only directly in the form of islands and are largely overlaid by flowing earth . To the northeast of Stetten there is an island of the middle red sandstone, to the west of Fladungen there is one of the lower shell limestone. Otherwise, Quaternary rocks can be found in the valley of the Streu, at the mouths of the Jüchse and Sülze and as islands. Larger loess areas can be found primarily on the flowing eastern border of the Mellrichstädter Gäus to the actual grave field. The occurrences near Exdorf and, to a lesser extent, near Jüchsen are also worth mentioning.
Rivers
The Rhine-Weser watershed runs close to the northeast flank of the Kern ridge . The landscapes southeast of the same drain almost completely to Streu , the southwest of the Mellrichstädter Gäu to smaller parts also to Els . In contrast, the Sülze basin drains over the Sülze and the Bibraer Sattel over the Jüchse to the Werra .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ BfN gives 138 km², but has a somewhat imprecise layout. There the over 600 m high Stellberg and Abtsberg are counted as part of the eastern Rhön foothills, whereas on Blatt Fulda the Stellberg is still in the Vorderrhön - which also corresponds to its geology.
- ↑ Natural areas of the main unit groups 23, 14 and 35 in the Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government - Rhine-Main-Tiefland , Odenwald, Spessart, Südrhön and Rhön ( notes )
- ↑ The name Sülze basin is not used in the natural spatial structure.
- ↑ Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 140 Schweinfurt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1968. → Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
- ↑ Werner Röll: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 126 Fulda. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. → Online map (PDF; 4.2 MB)
- ^ Heinz Späth: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 141 Coburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1987. → Online map (PDF; 5.0 MB)
- ^ A b c Dietrich Franke: Regional geology East. Geological online reference work for East Germany with around 2500-page encyclopedia (PDF; 19 MB) and separately downloadable maps and tables
- ↑ a b c d e GeoViewer of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources ( notes )
- ↑ Hydrogeological map of Thuringia from the Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology (PDF; 4.37 MB) ( Even finer maps are available for each district .)