1232

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1232
Konrad von Thuringia destroys the city of Fritzlar .	The one-year-old Shijō turns 87th Tennō of Japan .
1232 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	680/681 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1224/25
Buddhist calendar	1775/76 (southern Buddhism); 1774/75 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the water dragon壬辰 ( at the beginning of the year metal rabbit 辛卯)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	594/595 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	610/611
Islamic calendar	629/630 (turn of the year 17th / 18th October)
Jewish calendar	4992/93 (September 15-16)
Coptic calendar	948/949
Malayalam calendar	407/408
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1542/43 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1543/44 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1270
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1288/89 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire

• January 14 : After the recent closure of mountain passes renewed Emperor Frederick II. The imperial ban on the Lombard League . Thereupon another papal arbitration proceeding is initiated, the ruling of which Friedrich, who demands a demonstrative submission of the Lombard communities, is not satisfied.
• May: Emperor Friedrich II confirms the statute in favorem principum .
• August 2nd : One from Pope Gregory IX. The arbitration commission convened decides in the dispute between the Thuringian Landgraves Hermann II and Heinrich Raspe and the Order of St. John about the claim to the Elisabeth Hospital in Marburg, which was founded by Elisabeth von Thuringia , who died last year : Explained on the basis of a well-worded explanation by Elisabeth's confessor, Konrad von Marburg The Arbitration Commission invalidates the Order's claims based on Elizabeth's will and awards the hospital to Elizabeth's family.
• September 15 : On a campaign against the Archbishop of Mainz , Siegfried III, who is allied with the Order of St. John . von Eppstein , Heinrich Raspe's younger brother Konrad von Thuringia conquered the Electoral Mainz city ​​of Fritzlar after a three-month siege , had it completely destroyed and a large part of the population slaughtered. For this, Konrad is banned from the papal.

• The Isenberg turmoil between Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg and Adolf I. von der Mark and their respective allies around the Isenberg possessions begin.

Kingdom of England

Hubert de Burgh in the sanctuary, depiction from the Historia Anglorum by Matthew Paris , 13th century

• January: The English King Henry III. disempowered his Justiciar Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent , and makes Peter des Roches to Baron of the Exchequer . Peter's nephew Peter de Rivallis was given several high court posts in May and June.
• July 15 : Hubert de Burgh, who has returned to royal favor, is appointed Justiciar of Ireland for life . A little later de Rivallis is raised to keeper of the lord seal .
• July 29 : Hubert de Burgh is relieved of all his offices. He has to hand all castles back to the king and is supposed to be accountable for all monies he has received as justiciar . His successor as Justiciar is Stephen of Seagrave , but the real power now wields Peter de Rivallis and Peter des Roches.
• August 25 : Heinrich III. orders that Hubert de Burgh must leave England within 14 days, who then goes to church asylum near Brentford.
• November 10th : Hubert de Burgh submits to Heinrich III. and receives back the goods acquired by him through purchase or inheritance. His seal, on the other hand, is broken publicly. He is brought to Devizes Castle under the guard of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke , a confidante of Peter de Roches' , while his wife and daughter are allowed to retreat to one of his estates.

Kingdom of Cyprus

• May 2nd : Lombard War : The imperial governor Richard Filangieri defeats the rebellious barons at Casal Imbert .
• June 15 : In the Battle of Agridi , the Cypriot barons defeat the troops of Emperor Frederick II and finally end his rule in the Kingdom of Cyprus . The former imperial regent Amalrich Barlais fled to Cilicia in the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia , Richard Filangieri holed up in Kyrenia . Immediately after the battle, John I of Beirut resigned from his reign, which was taken over by King Henry I , who had come of age.

Other events in Europe

• Beginning of the year: Henry the Bearded , Duke of Silesia , becomes Princeps of Poland as the successor to Władysław III, who died the previous year . Thin leg . As Duke of Greater Poland and Regent of Krakow , he strives for the reunification of Poland , which brings him into conflict with Conrad of Mazovia .

• In Augusta in the Kingdom of Sicily , the construction of the Castello d'Augusta begins on behalf of King Friedrich II .

Almohad Empire in North Africa and al-Andalus

• Abd al-Wahid II ar-Raschid succeeds his late father Idris I al-Ma'mun as Caliph of the Almohads . Idris I had previously severely weakened the empire through measures such as turning away from the Almohadic doctrine.
• Muhammad I. ibn Nasr has himself proclaimed emir in Arjona and establishes the Nasrid dynasty .
• Jacob I of Aragón conquered the city of Morella in the course of the Reconquista from the Moorish Taifa kingdom of Balansiya .

Asia

• October 26 : Go-Horikawa hands over the throne to his one-year-old son Shijō . This becomes the 87th Tennō of Japan .

City rights and first documentary mentions

• March 7th : Spandau receives in addition to the already existing city rights from the Margraves Johann I and Otto III. additional rights - especially the construction of a flood channel, predecessor of the Spandau lock - documented.

• The places Ittersbach , Münster and Willstätt are first mentioned in a document.

science and technology

• In a battle against the Mongols, a rocket launch is reported for the first time in the Chinese Empire .

religion

Canonizations

Depiction of Gregory IX. in a manuscript from around 1270

• May 30th : Less than a year after his death, Antony of Padua was taken over by Pope Gregory IX. canonized .
• Spring: Konrad von Marburg initiates canonization proceedings for Elisabeth von Thuringia, who died last year .

inquisition

• December 2nd : Pope Gregory IX. instructs the Strasbourg Dominicans to take action against heresy in Germany through authorized traveling preachers . In general, the Dominicans have been leaders in the Inquisition since this year .

• The Dominican Peter of Verona becomes the inquisitor for northern Italy.

Monastic life

Lilienthal's coat of arms

• March 25 : The Archbishop of Bremen , Gerhard II zur Lippe, issues the founding deed for the Lilienthal Monastery , the foundation stone of which was laid the previous year.

• The scholastic Hugo Ripelin of Strasbourg becomes prior in the Zurich convent of the Dominicans.
• The Cistercian convent Frauental near Creglingen is founded.
• The monastery Bélapátfalva , the Monastery Hude , the Monastery Kutjevo and the monastery of Santa Maria Incoronata are founded.

• around 1232: The Dominican convent of St. Johannes sub Tilia is built in Kolmar , one of the main centers of German mysticism . (see Christian mysticism )

Churches

• In Altamura the construction of the only cathedral built by Frederick II in the Kingdom of Sicily begins .

Born

Date of birth saved

• November 11th : Håkon Håkonsson unge , King of Norway († 1257 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Gerhard I. , Count of Holstein-Itzehoe († 1290 )
• Gertrud von Hackeborn , German Cistercian, abbess of the Helfta monastery († 1292 )
• John Giffard , English nobleman and military man († 1299 )
• Heinrich I , Count of Vaudémont († 1278 )
• Manfred , Prince of Taranto, administrator in Imperial Italy and Sicily and King of Sicily († 1266 )
• Zhou Mi , Chinese man of letters († 1298 )

Born around 1232

• Ramon Llull , Mallorcan philosopher, logician and Franciscan theologian († 1316 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 28th : Pedro de Montaigu , Grand Master of the Templar Order
• March 13 (uncertain): Agnellus of Pisa , Italian Franciscan and blessed of the Catholic Church (* 1194 )
• April 10 : Rudolf II of Habsburg , Count of Habsburg, Duke of Laufenburg, Zurichgau and Aargau and Landgrave in Alsace
• June 7th : Lorenz , Bishop of Breslau

• October 11 : Gebhard I. von Plain , Bishop of Passau (* 1170 )
• October 15 : Albrecht I von Käfernburg , Archbishop of Magdeburg (* around 1170 )
• October 28 : Ranulf de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester , Norman nobleman, 1st Earl of Lincoln and Vice-Count of Avranches (* around 1172 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Alan Basset , English nobleman
• Beringer von Entringen , Bishop of Speyer
• John de Braose , 8th Baron of Bramber, Cambro-Norman nobleman (* around 1197 / 1198 )
• William Brewer , English nobleman and royal official
• Idris I. al-Ma'mun , Caliph of the Almohads in the Maghreb and al-Andalus
• Meinhard II. , Count of Gorizia and Vogt of Aquileja (* around 1160 )
• Tolui Khan , Mongolian nobleman and warrior, son of Genghis Khan (* around 1191 )

Died around 1232

• February 11, 1231/1232 : Walther von Rötteln , Bishop of Basel (* before 1180)

Web links

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