1445

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1445
Álvaro Fernandes built the first wooden fort on the island of Arguim .	The poet Oswald von Wolkenstein dies in Meran.
1445 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	893/894 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1437/38
Aztec calendar	4. Feuerstein - Nahui Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 3rd pipes - Jei Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	1988/89 (southern Buddhism); 1987/88 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	69th (70th) cycle Year of the Wood Ox 乙丑 ( at the beginning of the year Wood Rat R)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	807/808 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	823/824
Islamic calendar	848/49 (turn of the year 8/9 April)
Jewish calendar	5205/06 (September 1st / 2nd)
Coptic calendar	1161/62
Malayalam calendar	620/621
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1755/56 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1756/57 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1483
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1501/02 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Kalmar Union

• September 14th : Dorothea von Brandenburg-Kulmbach , Princess of Brandenburg , is two days after her wedding with King Christoph III. crowned Queen of the Kalmar Union countries , Denmark , Norway and Sweden in Copenhagen . At the same time she becomes Duchess of Schleswig and Holstein and Countess of Oldenburg .

confederation

→ Main article : Old Zurich War

Map of the Old Zurich War

• May 2 : The communities of Aeschi , Obersimmental , Niedersimmental , Saanen , Unterseen and the Interlaken Monastery in the Bernese Oberland conclude a 21-year alliance against the military service required by Bern , with campaigns against Zurich that sometimes involved losses, and war costs. The government of Bern describes the federal government as the “ bad bond ”. Bern does not take military action, but appeals to the Federal Arbitration Court, consisting of the Waldstätten Zug and Glarus , which declare the federal government to be dissolved the following year.
• October 29 : In the naval battle near Männedorf during the Old Zurich War , the Zurich navy defeats the Schwyz fleet . The battle is the largest military encounter on Lake Zurich between the two places and the largest encounter on water in this war. The Zurichers now gain supremacy on the lake, but on that day they do not succeed in completely destroying the opposing fleet. As a direct consequence of the naval battle near Männedorf, however, the third and last siege of Rapperswil by the Schwyzer was lifted in November.
• On the night of 15 to 16 December a Zurich attack under done Hans von Rechenberg over the lake and land on both shores that the Battle of Wollerau leads. This battle is decided in favor of the Schwyz. Another departure of the Zurich fleet on December 24th will result in the complete destruction of the Schwyz fleet connected to Pfäffikon and Altendorf .

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

• July 16 : With the division of Altenburg, the Saxon estates place the two brothers at war, Elector Friedrich II. And Duke Wilhelm III. a plan for the division of all Wettin lands, which is rejected by them on September 26th . Wilhelm was essentially awarded the heavily indebted Landgraviate of Thuringia and the Franconian possessions, the remaining lands fell to Friedrich.
• December 11th : Due to ongoing disputes about the division of territory, Archbishop Friedrich von Magdeburg , Margrave Friedrich II. Of Brandenburg and Landgrave Ludwig I of Hesse meet as arbitrators in the Neuwerk monastery near Halle and decide on the final award with the Halle ruling . Friedrich II. Then receives the Kurkreis and the eastern parts of Saxony, Thuringia and the Franconian possessions fall to his brother Wilhelm, Freiberg is to be governed by both of them. Despite recognition of the award by King Friedrich III. and the invitation to the brothers to accept the verdict of power, the dispute escalated in the following year to the Saxon fratricidal war .

Voyages of discovery

• Under Dinis Dias , the Portuguese discovered Cabo Verde , located in what is now Senegal .
• An expedition under António Fernandes reaches the Senegal river and explores the coast of Guinea .
• Portugal under Álvaro Fernandes opens a trading post in Arguim (now Mauritania ) and starts trading with African slaves .

economy

• Elector Friedrich II of Saxony puts the Sangerhausen mint back into operation almost 40 years after it was closed.

religion

• August 7th : In Rome, at the Council of Basel / Ferrara / Florence, the Union of the Maronites is concluded with the Roman Church .
• The Council of Basel / Ferrara / Florence , which split off from the Council of Basel in 1437 , ends after another move with no lasting results in Rome.

Born

Date of birth saved

Probable self-portrait of Botticelli

• March 1 : Sandro Botticelli , Italian painter († 1510 )
• March 16 : Johann Geiler von Kaysersberg , German preacher and writer († 1510 )

• April 4 : Wiguleus Fröschl von Marzoll , German prince-bishop of Passau († 1517 )
• April 21 : Pietro Riario , Italian cardinal († 1474 )

• October 31 : Hedwig of Saxony , German noblewoman, Princess of Saxony, 26th Abbess of Quedlinburg († 1511 )
• November 21 : Johann Pfotel , German legal scholar and diplomat († 1511 )
• December 11 : Eberhard im Bart , German nobleman, Duke of Württemberg († 1496 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Johannes Adelphus , German doctor and writer († after 1522)
• Agnes III von Anhalt , German noblewoman, Abbess von Gandersheim († 1504 )
• Albert de Brudzewo , Polish astronomer and mathematician († 1497 )
• Pero Vaz de Caminha , Portuguese author († 1500 )
• Juraj Dragišić , Croatian Franciscan, bishop, titular archbishop, theologian and philosopher († 1520 )
• Gabriele de 'Gabrielli , Italian cardinal († 1511 )
• Meñli I. Giray , Khan of the Crimean Khanate († 1515 )
• Andreas Johannes Laskaris , Greek scholar, explorer, humanist († 1534 )
• Philip of Luxembourg , French cardinal († 1519 )
• Paul von Middelburg , Dutch scholar, Bishop of Fossombrone († 1534 )
• Philip I , German nobleman, Count von Waldeck zu Waldeck († 1475 )
• Jane Shore , English mistress of King Edward IV († around 1527 )
• As-Suyūtī , Arab scholar († 1505 )

Born around 1445

• Adam von Fulda , German composer and music theorist († 1505 )
• Giuliano da Sangallo , Italian architect and sculptor († 1516 )
• Hans Haunold , Silesian wholesaler and politician († 1506 )
• Israhel van Meckenem the Younger , German engraver († 1503 )
• James Stewart , Scottish nobleman, 1st Earl of Buchan († 1499 )
• John Woodville , English nobleman († 1469 )

Died

First half of the year

• February 19 : Eleanor of Aragon , regent of Portugal (* 1402 )
• February 24 : Nicolaus de Tudeschis , Italian theologian and Archbishop of Palermo (* 1386 )

• March 23 : Günther II. Von Schwarzburg , Archbishop of Magdeburg (* 1382 )
• April 13 : Ludwig VIII , Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt (* 1403 )

• May 1st : Friedrich von Domneck , councilor of the Electoral Palatinate, cathedral dean and from 1426 to 1445 Prince-Bishop of Worms (* 1385 )
• May 16 : Nikolaus van Bueren , Dutch-German master builder at Cologne Cathedral (* around 1380 )
• May 18 : William Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby , English nobleman (* 1372 )

Second half of the year

• July 15 : Joan Beaufort , English noblewoman, Queen of Scotland (* 1406 )
• August 2nd : Oswald von Wolkenstein , Tyrolean poet, composer and diplomat of supraregional importance (* around 1377 )
• August 11 : Alberto Alberti , Archbishop of Camerino
• August 16 : Margaret of Scotland , Scottish princess, Crown Princess of France (* 1424 )

• September 9 : Albrecht II of Hohenrechberg , Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt (* around 1390 )
• September 29th : Augustin , auxiliary bishop of Meissen

Exact date of death unknown

• March 12 or September 13 : Johann Jakob , Margrave of Montferrat

• Erhart Griesser , Austrian businessman, councilor in Vienna
• Jetsün Sherab Sengge , clergyman of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1383 )
• Ulug Mehmed , Khan of the Golden Horde and founder of the Khanate of Kazan (* before 1419)
• William ap Thomas , Welsh nobleman

Died around 1445

• Domenico di Bartolo , Italian painter (* around 1400 )

Web links

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