28th century BC Chr.
Portal history | Portal Biographies | Current events | Annual calendar
◄ |
4th mill. Chr. |
3rd millennium BC Chr. | 2nd mill. Chr. ►
◄ |
30th century BC Chr. |
29th century BC Chr. |
28th century BC Chr. |
27th century BC Chr. |
26th century BC Chr. |
►
The 28th century BC Chr. Began on 1 January 2800 v. Chr. And ended v at 31 December 2701. This corresponds to the period 4750 to 4651 before today or the interval 4171 to 4091 radiocarbon years .
Age / Epoch
- Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
- End Neolithic (2800 to 2200 BC) and Nordic Middle Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
- Early Dynastic Period in Sumer where a number of city-states emerged.
Inventions and discoveries
- The oldest known stone masonry structure, the Gisr el-Mudir , is being built in Saqqara .
- A 365 day calendar is used in Egypt .
- Use of oil lamps .
- Cisterns in Mesopotamia .
- The Egyptians first used hand saws for small woodwork.
- The bamboo- made musical instrument sheng, similar to a harmonica , has been played in China since at least this time .
- Around 2790/2775 to around 2709 BC. Chr .: presumed division of empire and warlike turmoil in Egypt of the 2nd dynasty.
- Around 2750 BC Chr .:
- End of Early Dynastic I and beginning of Early Dynastic II in Mesopotamia.
- In England construction of Silbury Hill near Avebury .
- According to Herodotus, foundation of Tire .
- Expansion of copper smelting in Austria and Switzerland .
- Copper work by Sanhile in Shandong , China.
- So far the oldest dated silk fragment in China.
- Around 2740 BC Chr. (. Or 2715 BC.): With the 3rd Dynasty begins in Egypt , the Old Kingdom .
- 2737 BC Chr .: According to a Chinese legend, Shennong invented the use of tea as a drink.
- Around 2720 BC Chr .: Under the Pharaoh Djoser a pyramid is built for the first time in Egypt .
- Around 2700 BC BC: Creation of the Ring of Brodgar on Orkney .
Personalities
Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.
Pharaohs of Egypt
- 2nd dynasty:
- In Lower Egypt:
- Weneg-nebti (around 2790 BC)
- Sened (around 2790 BC)
- Neferkare I (around 2749 BC)
- Neferkasokar (2744-2736 BC)
- Hudjefa I (2711 to 2709 BC)
- In Upper Egypt:
- In all of Egypt:
- Chasechemui (around 2740 BC)
- In Lower Egypt:
- 3rd dynasty:
- Nebka (2740–2720 BC / founder of the 3rd dynasty )
- Djoser (2720-2700 BC)
King of Kiš
- Etana (around 2800 BC)
Kings of Uruk
- Enmerkar (around 2750 BC)
- Lugalbanda (around 2740 BC)
- Dumuzi (around 2720 BC / Possibly a deified Sumerian ruler)
Others
- Imhotep , first great builder of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, was born.
Archaeological cultures
Cultures in North Africa
- Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site
- In Nubia from 3200 BC An organized society, which, however, lasted until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
-
Egypt :
-
Early Dynastic Period :
- 2nd Dynasty (2890-2740 BC)
-
Old Empire :
- 3rd Dynasty (2740-2620 BC)
-
Early Dynastic Period :
Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East
- Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ):
-
Iran :
- Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
- Schahr-e Suchte II (2800 to 2500 BC)
-
Proto-Elamites (3200 to 2700 BC)
- Tepe Yahya IV B (3000 to 2500 BC), Proto-Elamite
- Susa III (3000/2900 to 2600 BC)
-
Syria :
- Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
- Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
- Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
- First Kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC)
-
Bahrain :
- Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)
Cultures in East Asia
-
China :
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
- Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
- Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
- Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
- Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
- Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
- Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi
- Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
- Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
- Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
- The Shixia culture (2900 to 2700 BC) in Guangdong disappears at the end of the century
-
Korea :
- Middle Jeulmon Period (3500 to 2000 BC)
-
Japan :
- Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)
-
Vietnam :
- Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
- Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC)
Cultures in South Asia
-
Indus Valley :
-
Indus culture : Kot-Diji phase of Harappa II (2800 to 2600 BC)
- Kot Diji (3400 to 2650 BC)
-
Indus culture : Kot-Diji phase of Harappa II (2800 to 2600 BC)
-
Balochistan :
- Mehrgarh : Period VI (3000 to 2700 BC)
- Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)
Cultures in North Asia
- Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)
- Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia, Mongolia and Southeast Russia
Cultures in Europe
-
Northern Europe :
- Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
-
Northeast Europe :
- Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
- Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
- Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
-
Eastern Europe :
- Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
- Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
- Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
-
Southeast Europe :
- Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the Eastern Balkans
-
Greece :
- Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH I (3000 to 2700 BC)
- Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK I (3000 to 2700 BC) with Grotta-Pelos culture (3000 to 2650 BC)
- Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM I (3000 to 2700 BC)
-
Central Europe :
- The Cham culture - Bavaria , Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr. And the
- Ball amphora culture (3100 to 2700 BC) in Central Europe (up to Ukraine) expires towards the end of the century
- Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
- Schönfeld culture (2900 to 2100 BC) in Germany and the Czech Republic
- Beginning of the individual grave culture (2800 to 2300 BC) in northern Germany, Poland , the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia, as well as the
- Corded ceramic culture (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe, the Baltic States and Russia
-
Western Europe :
- Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
- Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands (around 3180/3100 BC to 2500 BC)
- Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain
- Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy
- Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
- Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) in central western France - Ancient Peu-Richard I
- Almeria culture (3250 to 2550 BC) in southeastern Spain - Almeria I
-
Megalithic cultures :
- France (4700 to 2000 BC)
-
Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC)
- Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
- Malta : Tarxien phase (3300/3000 to 2500 BC) - Temple of Tarxien , Ħaġar Qim
- Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
Cultures in america
-
North and Central America :
- Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
-
South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
- Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) with Caral (from 3000 BC) in Peru , Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
- San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia
Web links
Commons : 28th century BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sumerians ( Memento November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: Wissen.de . Retrieved February 25, 2012.
- ↑ Old Kingdom - History of Egypt . In: Egypt specialist . Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .