Achmet Baitursynuly
Ahmet Baitursynuly ( Kazakh Ахмет Байтұрсынұлы , Russian Ахмет Байтурсынов Ahmet Baitursynow * 28. January 1873 in the Oblast Turgai , Russian Empire , † 8. December 1937 in Alma-Ata , Kazakh SSR ) was a Kazakh writer and political activist.
Life
Akhmet Baitursynuly was born in Turgai Oblast in the Russian Empire in 1873. He attended a school in Turgai before going to Orenburg . There he completed a four-year training course as a teacher and from 1895 he worked at various village schools in Aktyubinsk , Karkaraly and Kustanai .
He began to be politically active and in 1905 helped found the Kazakh branch of the Constitutional Democratic Party . On July 1, 1909, Baitursynuly was arrested for the first time and detained in Semipalatinsk prison. He was accused of spreading the idea of autonomous self-government and inciting ethnic hatred between Kazakhs and Russians. He was then banned by the authorities and had to go into exile in Orenburg , where he lived between 1910 and 1917. Particularly noteworthy is his work Oqu qural , published in 1912 , in which he reformed the Arabic alphabet for Kazakh and improved it several times in the following years. In 1915 his textbook Til qural of the Kazakh language appeared, which consisted of three volumes. Between 1913 and 1918 he edited the weekly newspaper Qazaq together with Älichan Bökeichan and Mirschaqyp Dulatuly . In it he published numerous articles in which he dealt with the education, culture and language of the Kazakh people. His literary activities included the translation of Ivan Krylov's fables into Kazakh and the compilation of textbooks in the Kazakh language. During the revolutions of 1917 in the empire he worked with the Alash party . He was one of the authors of the party program.
After the Bolsheviks had taken power in Central Asia and the Alash Orda was dissolved, Baitursynuly joined the Bolsheviks. In April 1920 he applied for membership in the Communist Party , but left it the following year due to disagreements with the Bolsheviks. Afterwards he was People's Commissar and from 1922 to 1925 headed the Science and Literature Commission of the People's Commissariat for Education. In addition to his political activities, he also taught at the Kazakh Institute for National Education, where he gave lectures on Kazakh language and literature, history and culture.
On June 2, 1929, Baitursynuly was arrested along with other former members of the Alash Orda in Alma-Ata and taken to Butyrka prison in Moscow . He was accused of counter-revolutionary activities and the preparation of an uprising in the steppe. For this he was sentenced to death . In February 1931, however, the sentence was changed to ten years in a camp and later replaced by a three-year exile . In 1934 he was released early and was able to return to Alma-Ata. In October 1937 he was arrested again and finally on December 8, 1937 shot .
It was not until 1988 that he was fully rehabilitated.
literature
- Didar Kassymova, Zhanat Kundakbayeva, Ustina Markus: Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan (= Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East ). Scarecrow Press, Lanham 2012, ISBN 0-8108-6782-6 (English).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b A bright luminary in Kazakh science and culture , accessed on March 2, 2019 (English).
- ↑ a b Ахмет Байтурсынов , accessed March 3, 2019 (Russian).
- ↑ Kendirbaeva, Gulnar: 'We are children of Alash ...'. The Kazakh intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century in search of national identity and prospects of the cultural survival of the Kazakh people , accessed on March 6, 2019 (PDF).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Baitursynuly, Achmet |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Байтұрсынұлы, Ахмет (kkS); Байтурсынов, Ахмет (ruS) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Kazakh writer and political activist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 28, 1873 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Turgai Oblast , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 8, 1937 |
| Place of death | Alma-Ata , Kazakh SSR |