Guinea pig adenoviral pneumonia

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The adenovirus pneumonia is in guinea pigs occurring by adenovirus caused pneumonia ( pneumonia ). The disease occurs more frequently in larger herds and breeds and mainly affects young animals in their suckling period. Sudden deaths can occur with them; if the course is weakened, nasal discharge and shortness of breath occur. The disease can only be diagnosed with certainty by a virus detection from nasal swabs or microscopically after death. There is no specific treatment or preventive vaccination.

Occurrence

In a study on 689 guinea pigs sent in for dissection, 1% of the animals were found to have adenovirus pneumonia. The incidence and morbidity are estimated to be low, but mortality is high, so sick animals are very likely to die. Since the disease was not detectable serologically for a long time , there is no precise information on the frequency of the disease ( prevalence ).

Pathogen and disease development

Guinea Pig adenovirus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Varidnaviria
Empire : Bamfordvirae
Phylum : Preplasmiviricota
Class : Tectiliviricetes
Order : Rowavirales
Family : Adenoviridae
Genre : Mastadenovirus
Type : Guinea Pig adenovirus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA linear
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : icosahedral
Cover : no
Scientific name
Guinea Pig adenovirus
Short name
GPAdV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 47901

Adenoviral pneumonia was first described in 1981 in an outbreak in Germany. The pathogen of the disease is the Guinea Pig Adenovirus ( GPAdV ), which currently belongs to the genus Mastadenovirus for the time being . It has a typical icosahedral symmetry and 252 capsomeres . The virus is strictly host-specific, other animals - including other rodents - and humans are not susceptible. Since the virus was also detected in the nasal discharge of healthy animals or animals with only mild symptoms in experimental infection, it is assumed that there is an age predisposition or that immunosuppression ( stress ) is important for the manifestation of the disease. A secondary bacterial infection is not necessary for the disease to develop.

It is transmitted through contact with the nasal discharge of infected animals. The incubation period is 5-10 days. The virus causes necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with fibrinous exudation . Typical oval basophilic inclusion bodies , 7–15 µm in size, can be detected histopathologically in the nucleus of the lung epithelial cells . In animals that survive the disease, the virus is completely eliminated 10-12 days after the onset of the disease.

clinic

Sick animals can suddenly ( peracute ) die without any signs of illness . In a milder course, the animals show shortness of breath , rattling breathing noises and fatigue.

The diagnosis can only be made on the basis of the clinical picture as a suspicion. Other respiratory diseases must be excluded from the differential diagnosis , and bacterial septicemia if the course is acute . There is a test for the PCR detection of an envelope protein of the GPAdV, with which a specific detection of the pathogen in nasal discharge or in nasal swabs is possible. The inclusion bodies can be used post-mortem to confirm the diagnosis.

Specific treatment or preventive vaccination is not possible.

literature

  • A. Ewringmann, B. Glöckner: Key symptoms in guinea pigs, chinchilla and degu . Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8304-1055-7 .
  • O'Rourke: Disease problems of guinea pigs . In: KE Quesenberry, JW Carpenter: Ferrets, rabbits and rodents. Clinical medicine and surgery . 2nd edition, Saunders, St. Louis 2004, pp. 245-254, ISBN 0-7216-9377-6 .
  • E. Wasel: guinea pigs . In: K. Gabrisch, P. Zwart: Diseases of pets . 6th edition, Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Hanover 2005, pp. 49–86, ISBN 3-89993-010-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ C.-C. Sommerey et al .: Diseases of the guinea pigs from the point of view of pathology . Veterinarian Praxis Kleintiere 32 (2004), pp. 377–383.
  2. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Human mastadenovirus C , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ S. Naumann et al. : Lethal pneumonia in guinea pigs associated with a virus . In: Lab. Animals 15 (1981), pp. 235-242, PMID 6270467 .
  4. ↑ SH Feldman et al. : Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of guinea pig adenovirus hexon protein with that of other mastadenoviruses. In: Comp. Med. 51 (2001), pp. 120-126. PMID 11922174 .
  5. ↑ I. Kunstyr et al. : Adenovirus pneumonia in guinea pigs: an experimental reproduction of the disease . In: Lab. Anim. 18: 55-60 (1984). PMID 10628789 .
  6. ↑ N. Butz et al. : Pathogenesis of guinea pig adenovirus infection . In: Lab Anim Sci 49 (1999), pp. 600-604. PMID 10638494 .
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on January 30, 2008 .