Adolf I. (Waldeck and Schwalenberg)

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Adolf I von Waldeck and Schwalenberg († October 3, 1270 ) was Count of Schwalenberg from 1218 to 1224 , Count of Schwalenberg and von Waldeck from 1224 to 1228 (each together with his brother Volkwin IV. ) And from the division of the estate in 1228 Count von Waldeck until his death in 1270.

Joint rule with Volkwin IV.

Adolf was the younger of the two sons of Count Heinrich I von Waldeck and Schwalenberg and his wife Heseke von Dassel († July 25, 1220). In his youth he was first provost of the Augustinian convent Aroldessen around 1216, but left the clergy when his uncle Hermann I von Waldeck died in 1224 and his nephew bequeathed the county of Waldeck to his brother Volkwin Involved in the reign of the two counties. In 1226 the two of them sold their property in Berich , the Berich monastery , and the one in Hemmerode (today a desert in the Dillich near Borken district ), the Werbe monastery ; both Counts of Schwalenberg called each other.

Both were in a violent feud with the Paderborn Monastery in 1227 and were therefore banned from church and their Paderborn fiefs were declared forfeit. In particular, Adolf was accused of chasing after the Paderborn Wilbrand , who was leaving Korbach, with 100 armed men. Only in April 1227, after long preliminary negotiations, was the dispute settled with a formal apology from Adolf to Bishop Wilbrand in Paderborn. The brothers submitted and got their Paderborn fiefs back. In 1228, the two of them jointly founded the Cistercian nunnery in Marienthal , which became the “house monastery” and the burial place of the Waldecker counts.

Count of Waldeck

Residence Waldeck Castle on Edersee in Hesse

When the brothers shared their widely scattered inheritance in 1228, Volkwin Count von Schwalenberg and Vogt of the monasteries and monasteries of Möllenbeck , Herford and Marienmünster remained . Adolf, however, received the county of Waldeck around the castle Waldeck on the Eder and the bailiwicks over the monasteries Schildesche , Falkenhagen and Marienthal. He thus became the actual founder of the County of Waldeck and the House of Waldeck , a branch line of the Schwalenberg family , and was now mostly called Count von Waldeck. Among other things, he founded the town of Sachsenhausen and probably also the Eisenberg Castle (although the Counts of Waldeck are only mentioned here as owners from 1367 and therefore the building cannot be verifiably ascribed to them). On the Hagenberg near Alt-Rhoden he had a castle built in 1228–1230, around which the small town of Rhoden , first mentioned in 1237, was formed within a few years . The bestowal of city rights to Freienhagen was probably also carried out by him.

Adolf's efforts to expand and maintain his county brought him into frequent conflicts with neighboring secular and ecclesiastical lords, in particular with the Archbishopric of Cologne , the Hochstift Paderborn and the Imperial Abbey of Corvey . With his backing, he therefore leaned closely to the Ludowinger Landgraves of Thuringia and then to the House of Brabant-Hessen and was very successful with it. In this way he finally secured the city of Korbach , largely pushed the Corvey Abbey out of his territory, and also won several free courts , such as Mengeringhausen , Sachsenberg and Fürstenberg (the latter today both districts of Lichtenfels ). In 1249, however, he had to finally cede the bailiwick of the Flechtdorf monastery to the Archbishop of Cologne, Konrad von Hochstaden , which was subsequently given to the Cologne Ministeriale , the Lords of Padberg .

As an ally of the Ludowingers, Adolf was an opponent of the Hohenstaufen and partisans of the opposing king Heinrich Raspe . In May 1246 he was present in Veitshöchheim near Würzburg when Heinrich Raspe was elected king , and there testified to a document issued by Raspe in favor of Corvey Abbey . After Raspe's death he supported the new anti-king Wilhelm of Holland and was his court judge and governor in Westphalia from 1251–1256 .

In the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession (1247-1264), which broke out after Heinrich Raspe's death, Adolf supported the later Landgrave Heinrich I of Hesse in his fight against the Imperial Abbey of Corvey and the bishops of Paderborn for territorial supremacy in the North Hessian border area with Westphalia. Towards the end of this dispute, the former county of Wildungen came to Waldeck by contract with the Landgrave in 1263 . A long and serious feud with Corvey under Abbot Thimo (1254-1275) and his allies, Archbishop Engelbert II. Of Cologne and Bishop Simon I of Paderborn, was ended in July 1267: Corvey pledged Adolf and his heirs Lichtenfels Castle and the small towns of Sachsenberg and Fürstenberg. (In 1297, after further violent feuds between Corvey and Waldeck, they finally came into the possession of Adolf's grandson, Count Otto I. von Waldeck .)

In his long dispute with Kurköln he allied himself with the Counts of Jülich and took part in the battle of Zülpich on the side of Wilhelm IV von Jülich in 1267 , in which Archbishop Engelbert II was captured.

Marriages and offspring

From Adolf's marriage with his first wife Sophie († 1254) came the sons:

  • Heinrich († 1267), died before his father; his son Adolf II succeeded his grandfather as Count von Waldeck
  • Widukind († November 18, 1269), 1265–1269 Bishop of Osnabrück

After Sophie's death he married Ethelind zur Lippe († 1273); Daughter of Hermann II zur Lippe . This marriage was childless.

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Varnhagen, p. 293.
  2. ^ Varnhagen, p. 293.
  3. ↑ In 1244 he lost this bailiwick when Bishop Bernhard IV of Paderborn transferred it to Count Ludwig von Ravensberg .
  4. ^ Varnhagen, p. 299.
personal data
SURNAME Adolf I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adolf I. von Waldeck and Schwalenberg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count of Waldeck and Schwalenberg
DATE OF BIRTH 12th century or 13th century
DATE OF DEATH October 3, 1270