Share sugar factory Neuwerk near Hanover

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The Neuwerk sugar factory
(excerpt from a postcard "Greetings from Gehrden", 1913)

The Neuwerk share sugar factory near Hanover operated the Neuwerk sugar factory in Gehrden, one of the first two sugar factories in the Kingdom of Hanover to produce sugar from sugar beet .

history

Until 1855, sugar in the Kingdom of Hanover was only obtained from imported sugar cane . Such a low-yield sugar boiler , which was founded by Johann Egestorff in 1823 and burnt down in 1855 , existed in Linden near the Black Bear .

Sugar production from sugar beets began in the Kingdom of Hanover in 1857. At that time there were already 233 factories producing beet sugar in the area of ​​the German Customs Union . The private bank Ephraim Meyer & Sohn played a major role in the founding of the Neuwerk share sugar factory in Hanover . The share capital was 300,000 thalers and was divided into shares of 500 thalers each. The company's managing director or director of the Neuwerk sugar factory was the Berlin- based businessman Victor Ludwig Wrede or Louis Wrede .

The oldest beet sugar factory in the Kingdom of Hanover?

The Aktien-Zuckerfabrik in Einbeck had already processed 90,000 quintals of sugar beet on a trial basis in the campaign from October 1857 to March 1858. At the sixth general trade exhibition of the trade association for the Kingdom of Hanover in 1859, the shares sugar factory in Einbeck and the shares sugar factory Neuwerk each received a large silver medal .

The attempts to establish sugar factories in Hildesheim , Nordstemmen and Lüchow at the end of the 1850s initially failed. The Einbeck company had to be liquidated in 1861 when the Ministry of the Interior of the Kingdom of Hanover prohibited the taking out of an additional loan of 60,000 thalers. In contrast, a similar application by the Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Neuwerk for a working capital loan of 35,000 thalers was approved in 1862.

Only after the end of the Kingdom of Hanover through the Prussian annexation in 1866 were further sugar factories built in the Calenberger Land near Gehrden: 1874 in Bennigsen , 1876 in Rethen , 1882 in Weetzen and 1884 in Groß Munzel and Linden.

As a result of the wave of sugar factories closing in the 1980s, the plant in Nordstemmen, which opened in 1865, has been the closest producing sugar factory to Gehrden since 2006.

The sugar factory in Gehrden

On August 25, 1857, the Company acquired 5,500 dollars from Erbzinsmüller Engelke the approximately one kilometer northwest of the center of Gehrden located Spehrsmühle with its 7 acres and 102 rods of land and water use rights of Spehrsbaches , one on the north slope of the castle hill springing influx of oats Riede together its source. In total, the company property was about 15 acres.

By February 1859 residential houses and factory buildings had been completed and furnished. The factory buildings were built on broken stone bases made of bricks. The main building was 258 by 54 feet . The machine and boiler house and the charcoal resuscitation building were connected at right angles to this.

The factory had a 40 horse-drawn horizontal single - cylinder steam engine manufactured by the Graeflich Stolberg 's machine factory in Magdeburg . The steam from their four 30-foot-long cylinder boilers, which were fired with hard coal and had a screen preheater and condenser, fed three additional 8, 5 and 2 HP steam engines and flowed into the 130-foot-high chimney. The water required for operation was taken from the Spehrsbach and a 150-foot-deep borehole next to the factory.

The supplier of the sugar production plant was the Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt . The sugar beets were ground on graters and centrifuged after adding water. Hydraulic presses extracted pressed juice from this sludge, which was concentrated by evaporation in open pans. The juice, saturated by the use of carbonic acid , was filtered through bone charcoal, further concentrated by renewed evaporation, filtered again over charcoal and evaporated by dry condensation in a vacuum, whereupon crystallization took place.

Sugar production started in 1859. It was initially designed to process 1,000 quintals of sugar beet a day.

In 1890 the sugar factory was rebuilt by Fr. Rassmus. In the years before the First World War , the factory could process 250 tons of sugar beet a day.

Gehrden and the factory

The name Neuwerkstraße in Gehrden still reminds of the sugar factory

Together with the brickworks founded in 1872, the sugar factory was Gehrden's first industrial enterprise.

At the census in 1864, 73 households with 222 people, i.e. about 15% of Gehrden's residents, were economically dependent on the sugar factory. In addition to 65 factory workers, another 157 workers were employed.

In contrast to many of the sugar factories founded a few decades later, the beet producers were not the shareholders of the Neuwerk sugar factory. The factory itself produced sugar beets on 2500 acres of leased arable land and bought additional beets from local farmers. In 1883 the factory property was expanded by purchasing 5.5 acres of land on the Bünte and a large pond was created there.

In 1892/93 the factory had 1046 hectares of arable land. Of this, 494 hectares were used for the production of grain , 451 hectares for beets and beet seeds , and others for hay or potatoes . On October 1, 1899, the long-distance tram , which had been running from Hanover to Gehrden for a year, was extended via Neuwerk to Barsinghausen . Tram freight trains transported coal from the monastery tunnel and brought sugar beets to the sugar factory in the autumn months. During the processing season, the Neuwerk sugar factory employed up to 700 people.

The sugar factory in Sarstedt

With the sugar factory in Sarstedt in the Hildesheim district , the stock corporation operated a branch. This was sold in the mid-1920s due to economic difficulties. and closed in 1929.

20th century

View over the so-called Vorwerk site

In 1915, the Gehrden sugar factory also took over the processing of the beet that had previously been processed by the Linden sugar factory. The factory premises on Schlorumpfsweg in Ricklingen near the Fischerhof train station were taken over by the Hannoversche Waggonfabrik .

Before the First World War, the Neuwerk share sugar factory had share capital with a nominal value of 1.5 million marks . In the opening balance sheet in 1924 after inflation and currency reform , the nominal value was given as 1.8 million Reichsmarks .

In the post-war period of World War I, the larger and more modern factory in Sarstedt was sold in the mid-1920s. The restructuring of the remaining company through a settlement procedure with a 1:10 capital cut and subsequent capital increase did not have any lasting success. The Neuwerk sugar factory was shut down in 1930 during the global economic crisis . The beet utilization was contractually transferred to the Rethen sugar factory. Agriculture on the leased land near Gehrden was initially continued. After the value of the arable land increased with the economic recovery, the company was dissolved in 1935 and the remaining shares were settled at 60% of their nominal value.

Water pollution

The Neuwerk sugar factory in Gehrden discharged its wastewater into the Spehrsbach via sewage fields . They continued to flow over the Haferriede and Möseke into the Südaue . In October 1901 the factory was proven to be responsible for a fish death in the Südaue near Wunstorf , about 25 kilometers downstream. The sewage treatment plants in Gehrden were “completely in disarray” and the wastewater ran off practically untreated. Since the wastewater from the sugar factory in Groß Munzel, which is closer to Wunstorf, also reached the Südaue, this was considered to be responsible for several other fish deaths in the Südaue towards the end of the 19th century, or the origin of the pollution remained undetected. In 1909 the sewage treatment plant at the Gehrden factory was rated as exemplary.

Subsequent use - the Vorwerk site

The listed villa on Neuwerkstrasse

Between the Gehrdener Steintor and the sugar factory near the Spehr desert , infrastructure facilities and a residential area were built after the tram was built. A villa built shortly after the turn of the century in front of the factory gate on Neuwerkstrasse is protected as a monument .

From 1956 a Vorwerk carpet factory was built on the site of the closed sugar factory . This was closed in 1985 and production relocated to Hameln . With the demolition of the empty factory halls in 2017, construction work began on a new residential area planned on the so-called Vorwerk site , in which a daycare center and 154 apartments are to be built by 2024 .

literature

  • Werner Fütterer: Gehrden - Vom Flecken zur Großgemeinde , 2nd expanded edition, Wiedenbeck-Fütterer, Gehrden 1991, p. 86
  • Sarstedter Geschichtskreis: Sarstedt - more than just a story , 2019

Web links

Commons : Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Neuwerk near Hanover  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Turned beet into sugar: On the history of the sugar factories. (PDF; 399 kB) www.heimatmuseum-seelze.de, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Dirk Neuber: The bitter side of the Munzel-Holtensen sugar factory. (PDF; 8.5 MB) in: Lower Saxony Yearbook for Regional History , Volume 77 . Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen , 2005, pp. 227–252 , accessed on February 18, 2018 .
  3. ^ A b Leonhard Henze: About the organizational forms and financing methods of the German raw sugar factories , Diss. Göttingen 1920.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Rainer Piesch: Neuwerk and the brickworks. www.gehrdener-ansichten.de, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  5. ^ A b Request from the director of the Neuwerk sugar factory, Louis Wrede, for the purchase of shares (description of the archival material). Lower Saxony State Archives (Hannover location) , Dep. 103 XXIII Ministry of the Royal House , No. 181. www.arcinsys.niedersachsen.de, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f communications from the trade association for the Kingdom of Hanover (1858). Pp. 215–217 , accessed April 18, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Communications from the trade association for the Kingdom of Hanover (1859). P. 206 , accessed April 10, 2019 .
  8. ^ Christian Schubel: Association sovereignty and internal organization of trading companies (Jus Privatum, Volume 84). Pp. 257–258 , accessed April 10, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Share sugar factory Bennigsen. Albert Gieseler, 2009, accessed April 10, 2019 .
  10. ↑ The Calenberger Land. www.hannover.de, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Communications from the trade association for the Kingdom of Hanover (1860). P. 334 , accessed April 18, 2019 .
  12. ^ Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt AG. Albert Gieseler (source: Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt company publication (around 1911)), 2009, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  13. ^ Helmuth Temps: City of Gehrden - From history. (PDF; 944 kB) www.gehrden.de, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  14. ^ Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Neuwerk b. Hanover. Albert Gieseler, 2009, accessed April 18, 2019 .
  15. ^ Christiane Schröder, Sid Auffarth, Manfred Kohler: Potash, coal and canal: industrial culture in the Hanover region. Hinstorff Verlag, 2011, p. 271 , accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  16. ↑ a b Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, Hanover district, Volume 13.1, edited by Hans-Herbert Möller , edited by Henner Hannig , Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden, 1988. ISBN 3-528-06207-X , p 204-205.
  17. ^ Rainer Piesch: Catholic Church. www.gehrdener-ansichten.de, accessed on April 18, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Yearbook for Economic History 1974.4. (PDF; 2.87 MB) p. 143 , accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  19. ^ Rainer Piesch: Headquarters and Line 10. www.gehrdener-ansichten.de, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Torsten Bachmann: New forays through Linden's history. Sutton Verlag, p. 113 , accessed April 10, 2019 .
  21. ↑ a b c d Business report for the year 1934/35. (PDF; 2.49 MB) Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Neuwerk near Hanover, November 1935, accessed on April 10, 2019 .
  22. ↑ The illustrated book about Sarstedt has appeared “Sarstedt - more than just a story”. LeineBlitz, March 23, 2019, accessed April 14, 2019 .
  23. ↑ a b Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Neuwerk. Friends of Historical Securities, 2019, accessed April 10, 2019 .
  24. ↑ Johanna Steele: This is how it continues on the old Vorwerk site. www.haz.de , July 23, 2018, accessed April 10, 2019 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′ 5.9 ″  N , 9 ° 35 ′ 44.5 ″  E