Albert Schultz-Lupitz

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Albert Schultz-Lupitz

Albert Schultz-Lupitz (born March 26, 1831 in Rehna , Mecklenburg , † January 5, 1899 in Lupitz ) became widely known for his work in the field of the nutrient supply of plants, which he carried out on his Lupitz estate, which he bought in 1855, and which he added one of the most important model economies in Germany.

Life

Albert Schultz was born the son of a pharmacist . He received his first education through private lessons in his parents' house. He later attended the Friedrich-Franz-Gymnasium (Parchim) . From 1847 he worked in various Mecklenburg estates in Lockwisch , Meetzen and Othenstorf .

His studies began in 1851. First he went to the Hohenheim Academy for two semesters and then to the University of Jena . Albert Schultz was a talented student who was already studying Liebig's teaching back then . He left the University of Jena to become self-employed as a farmer. First he went back to the Meetzen estate. As early as 1855 he bought the 240 hectare Lupitz estate , now a residential area in the Kusey district of the town of Klötze in the Altmark . Later he bought 55 hectares.

Memorial to Dr. Albert Schultz-Lupitz in Kusey (January 2012)

Here he found extremely unfavorable conditions. Bad soil, an unfavorable traffic situation and fields, inventory, the house and all farm buildings that were in a bad condition due to many years of poor management. The name "Wüstenei Lupitz" was already in use among the inhabitants. Albert Schultz borrowed money from friends and relatives to renovate the estate, but had to struggle with financial difficulties for a long time. There was a sheep farm, but renovation was hopeless. To improve the yields of the fields, he used lime, manure and organic nitrogen fertilizers containing phosphoric acid , such as peruguano and bone meal .

He later divided his business management into sections:

  1. The lupine period (1855–1865), in which he mainly cultivated lupins and kept livestock, which was unsuccessful.
  2. The marl period (1866–1875), during which he increasingly fertilized with marl. This brought short-term success, but in the long term it damaged the lupins and deprived his sheep of food. After this period he faced economic collapse. The use of potash salt ( kainite ) finally brought about an improvement.
  3. L.-D. Period (1876-1885). This method called Liebig or Lupitz fertilization brought the desired success. In addition to kainite, phosphorus was applied, which led to a considerable increase in yields. The L.-D. fertilization generally prevailed and the decisive realization was that without appropriate fertilization no useful crop can thrive economically. Through observations and experiments, Schultz found out that peoples are able to take up nitrogen directly from the air and assumed that the storage takes place in the root system. This was for growing as a catch crop used. In 1881 he published his experiences with the cultivation of legumes as a nitrogen collector for the first time , but received a lot of skepticism in the subsequent discussions. It was only when the well-known agricultural chemist Hermann Hellriegel published his discovery at the 59th meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Berlin that legumes absorb atmospheric nitrogen with the help of nodule bacteria ( rhizobium ) and use it to build up their proteins, were Albert Schultz's observations scientifically proven .
  4. Catch crop period (from 1886), in which Schultz had great economic success through the cultivation of legumes, supplemented by potassium-phosphorus fertilization, in particular when he switched to the cultivation of legumes and introduced deep cultivation. This made it possible to cultivate demanding plant species. Schultz first grew sugar beet in 1893 and achieved a yield of 405 dt / ha (Reich average in 1894 was only 297 dt / ha).

In March 1883, Max Eyth took the first steps to found the " German Agricultural Society " (DLG). Albert Schultz met him by chance. He realized that his teaching could be spread through this society and became a co-founder. Eyth and Schultz quickly became friends and in February 1885, Eyth transferred Schultz to head of the fertilizer department at DLG. In this role he was able to apply his knowledge and experience gained in the field of potash, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization.

In 1890 he was one of the founders of the Salzwedel sugar factory.

Achievements and honors

On January 1, 1857, he founded the agricultural association Klötze und Umgebung , whose chairman he was until 1889, then he remained its honorary president until his death.

In 1881 Schultz-Lupitz was elected as a representative of the Gardelegen district in the Prussian House of Representatives, to which he belonged from 1882 to 1893. Later he was also a member of the district council in Salzwedel . From 1887 to 1890 and from 1893 to 1898 Schultz was a member of the Reichstag for the constituency of Magdeburg 1 (Salzwedel, Gardelegen).

Like his colleague Theodor Hermann Rimpau in neighboring Kunrau , Schultz-Lupitz was awarded the Golden Liebig Medal in 1890 , which was the highest distinction given to agricultural scientists in the German Empire.

In 1893 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Jena and in 1897 he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Klötze.

Due to the activities of Schultz-Lupitz, after a ten-year approval process by the State of Prussia, the "Altmärkische Lehranstalt für Landwirtschaft, Obst- und Gartenbau zu Cloetze" was founded in 1903. For the 50th anniversary of the school, it was named “Fachschule für Landwirtschaft Dr. Schultz-Lupitz ”was renamed.

Works

  • Potash fertilization on light soil, 1881, Landwirtschaftliche Jahrbücher, issue 5/6
  • Catch crop cultivation on light soil, Berlin 1895, work of the German Agricultural Society, issue 7; 4th edition 1927

literature

  • Official Reichstag handbook, ninth legislative period 1893–1898. Berlin 1893, p. 238 ( digitized version )
  • Anton Bettelheim (Hrsg.): Biographisches Jahrbuch and German Nekrolog. Volume 4, 1900, Reimer, Berlin
  • Johann C. Poggendorff (founder); Arthur von Oettingen (ed.): JC Poggendorff's biographical-literary concise dictionary for the history of the exact sciences. Volume IV: 1883-1904. Part 2, Barth, Leipzig 1904.
  • Carl Leisewitz:  Schultz, Albert . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, pp. 240-242.
  • Hans-Peter Blume:  Schultz-Lupitz, Albert. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 701 ( digitized version ).
  • Pictures of life and sayings of outstanding German farmers and agricultural Researchers paying special attention to their position on potash fertilization. Berlin 1913 (with picture)
  • Hermann Schöler: Albert Schultz-Lupitz . In: Central German Life Pictures. 1. Volume: Pictures of the 19th Century. Magdeburg 1926, pp. 323-330 (with picture)
  • Otto Keune (Ed.): Men who created food. Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1952
  • Asmus Petersen : Schultz-Lupitz and his legacy . Treatises of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Social sciences class, born 1953, No. 1.
  • Central German heads. Life pictures from a millennium. Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1959
  • Bernhard Mann: Biographical Handbook for the Prussian House of Representatives (1867-1918). Droste, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-7700-5146-7 (= manuals on the history of parliamentarism and political parties, volume 3)
  • Wolfgang Böhm : Biographical manual on the history of crop production. Saur, Munich 1997
  • Walther Killy and Rudolf Vierhaus (eds.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . Volume 9, Saur, Munich [et al.] 1998.
  • Helmut Gäde : The deed lives - and the legacy. A Schultz Lupitz memorial . Publishing house Dr. Ziethen Oschersleben 1998.
  • Helmut Gäde: On the 100th anniversary of Albert Schultz-Lupitz's death . In: Journal of Agricultural History and Agricultural Sociology. Volume 46, 1999, pp. 1–26.

Web links

Commons : Albert Schultz-Lupitz  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mann, Bernhard (edit.): Biographical manual for the Prussian House of Representatives. 1867-1918. Collaboration with Martin Doerry , Cornelia Rauh and Thomas Kühne . Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1988, p. 356 (handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties: vol. 3)
personal data
SURNAME Schultz-Lupitz, Albert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German agricultural scientist and politician, MdR
DATE OF BIRTH March 26, 1831
PLACE OF BIRTH Rehna , Mecklenburg
DATE OF DEATH January 5, 1899
Place of death Lupitz