Alexander Alexandrovich Kharkevich

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Alexander Alexandrowitsch Charkewitsch ( Russian Александр Александрович Харкевич ; born February 3, 1904 in Saint Petersburg , † March 30, 1965 in Moscow ) was a Russian scientist and pioneer of communications technology .

Life

His school days fell during the revolution and war. He graduated from the second grade of the Soviet school in 1921. In 1922 he was enrolled at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute . In addition to his studies, he took up a job in industry in 1924. He worked for five years as a fitter in a laboratory for accumulators, later as an intern and technician.

Eventually he was offered a managerial position at the plant. This extended his study time. However, his industrial experience made him a trained engineer. In 1929 he took up a position as a senior laboratory assistant in the Central Radio Laboratory. In 1932 he was appointed chief engineer. In 1930 he finished his studies and in 1932 switched to university .

First he worked as an assistant, later as a lecturer, and finally was appointed full professor at the Electrotechnical Military Academy. In 1938 he defended his habilitation thesis and took over a professorship at the Leningrad Telecommunications Institute. In 1941 he was appointed head of the laboratory at the Physico-Technical Institute.

In 1944 he took over the management of a chair at the Lviv Polytechnic Institute, and in 1948 he was elected as a corresponding member of the sciences of the Ukrainian SSR . At the beginning of the 1950s he worked on topics related to the investigation of wave processes, spectral methods in acoustics , radio technology and vibration theory. He went to Moscow in 1952. From 1954 he worked as a senior researcher in a laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on scientific problems of wired communication.

On these topics he published works of the basic methods of information theory and statistical message theory that were applied in technology. On his initiative, his laboratory became an institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which dealt with problems of information transmission. He was the first to recognize the new direction that had emerged at the interface between information theory and statistical physics.

He recognized the need to investigate physical processes in transmission processes and in information processing. In particular, he devoted himself to character recognition within cybernetics . He gave the first lecture on this subject in 1959 at the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute for Communications . Investigations into the automatic recognition of speech and images were carried out under his leadership. He showed great interest in questions of information processing in living beings.

His saying is well known: "Life begins where information begins". He was particularly inclined to the as yet little explored border areas of information perception by the human brain , but also to the problems of creative thinking and intuition . He made one of the first attempts to go beyond the scope of Shannon's theory and give a quantitative measure of the value of information.

In 1960 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and in 1964 he was appointed a member of the Academy. He died on March 30, 1965 at his desk.

Works

  • Theory of Implementers, 1941–1944
  • Unsteady wave processes, 1950
  • Spectra and Analysis, 1952 (original title " Spektry i analiz ". Gosudarst. Izdat. Techniko-Teoretičeskoj Lit., Moscow, 1952)
  • Outline of General Communication Theory, 1955
  • Nonlinear and parametric phenomena in radio technology, 1956 (original title " LinkNelinejnye i parametričeskie javlenija v radiotechnike ")
  • Struggling with Disorders, 1963
  • Signals and interference. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 1968. (Translation of “ Bor'ba s pomechami ”. Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Fiziko-Matematičeskoj Literatury, Moscow, 1963)

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Kharkevich, Alexander Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Харкевич, Александр Александрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian scientist
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH March 30, 1965
Place of death Moscow