Alexander Rollett

Alexander Rollett (1834–1903)

Alexander Rollett in his study (no year)

Alexander Rollett (born July 14, 1834 in Baden near Vienna , Lower Austria ; † October 1, 1903 in Graz - Geidorf ) was an Austrian physiologist and histologist .

Life

After visiting the high schools of Wiener Neustadt and Melk Alexander Rollett studied at the Vienna University of Medicine, where he especially the most Josephinum acting Karl Ludwig (1816-1895) and of Ernst Wilhelm Bridge (1819-1892), his assistant of From 1858 to 1863 he was encouraged to work scientifically and where, following his interest in physiology, he was an assistant at the Institute for Physiology while still studying.

In 1863 Rollett took over the first professorship for physiology and histology at the newly established medical faculty of the Karl-Franzens University in Graz. From 1863 until his death he was also the director of this faculty. He was also rector of the University of Graz four times between 1872 and 1903, the last time in 1902. On June 4, 1895, in this function, he asked Emperor Franz Joseph I to open the newly built main building by laying the keystone.

With numerous publications, Rollett made Graz an international center for physiological education and training. In 1864 he became a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences , in 1882 a corresponding member of the Societas Medicorum Svecana (Stockholm) and in 1892 a corresponding member of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1893 he became president of the Styrian Medical Association .

In addition to his work as a teacher, Rollett was also politically active: he was a member of the state parliament in Styria and a municipal council in Graz as well as a member of the German People's Party . In 1903 he was appointed a member of the Herrenhaus (Austria) .

Alexander Rollett died in the morning hours of October 1, 1903 in the house at Harrachgasse 21, Graz-Geidorf; he was buried on October 3rd of that year in the central cemetery Graz , group X.

Rollett's immediate successor as head of the institute at the University of Graz was Oskar Zoth (1864–1933).

family

Rollett was the son of Karl Rollett (1805–1869), city and spa doctor in Baden near Vienna, grandson of Anton Rollett (1778–1842), brother of the doctor and university professor Emil Rollett (1835–1923), nephew of Hermann Rollett (1819 –1904) and, with his wife Rosa, née Wendl, father of Priska, the prosector Humbert (1879–1947), Erich, Edwin (1889–1964) and Oktavia Aigner-Rollett (1877–1959), the first woman to die , 1907, opened a practice in Graz as a doctor.

Honors

In 1928 the Alexander-Rollett-Weg in Graz was named after Rollett.

Fonts (selection)

• Over the free ends of striated muscle threads inside the muscles. In: Meeting reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Mathematical and natural science class. Vol. 21, 1856, ZDB -ID 211442-2 , pp. 176-180 .
• as editor: Studies from the Institute for Physiology and Histology in Graz. 3 booklets. Engelmann, Leipzig 1870–1873, ZDB -ID 553363-6 , digitized issue 1 , digitized issue 2–3 .
• Physiology of the blood and blood movement. In: Ludimar Hermann (Ed.): Manual of Physiology. Volume 4: Handbook of the Physiology of the Circulation, Respiration, and Animal Warmth. Part 1. Vogel, Leipzig 1880, pp. 1-340 .
• Contributions to the physiology of muscles. In: Memoranda of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Mathematical and natural science class. Vol. 53, Abt. 1, 1887, ZDB -ID 961131-9 , pp. 193-256 .
• Investigations into contraction and birefringence of striated muscle fibers. In: Memoranda of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Mathematical and natural science class. Vol. 58, Abt. 1, 1891, pp. 41-98 .
• About the purpose and freedom of academic life. Speech given on December 6, 1894 at the inauguration of the Rector of the Karl-Franzens University in Graz. Leuschner & Lubensky, Graz 1895.
• Scientific medicine and its adversaries today. Inauguration speech. In: The ceremonial inauguration of the rector of Graz University. 1902/1903, ZDB -ID 311921-x , pp. 26-47.

literature

• Constantin von Wurzbach : Rollett, Alexander . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 26th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1874, pp. 301–303 ( digitized version ).
• Reinhold Aigner: The physiologist Alexander Rollett as a member of the Graz municipal council and the Styrian state parliament. In: Historical yearbook of the city of Graz. Vol. 4, 1971, ISSN  0440-9728 , pp. 107-128.
• Angelika Czaschka: The Physiological Institute of the University of Graz under Alexander Rollett from 1863 to 1903 . S. n., Graz 1977.
  • Second edition as: Angelika Steyer: The Physiological Institute of the University of Graz under Alexander Rollett from 1863 to 1903 (= Graz medical historical writings. GmS. Vol. 2), ZDB -ID 23126-5 . Graz University Library, Graz 1988.
• Erna Lesky : The Vienna Medical School in the 19th Century (= Studies on the History of the University of Vienna. Vol. 6). 2nd Edition. Böhlau, Graz et al. 1978, ISBN 3-205-02022-7 .
• Thomas Kenner : Alexander Rollett. In: Kurt Freisitzer, Walter Höflechner , Hans-Ludwig Holzer, Wolfgang Mantl (eds.): Tradition and Challenge. 400 years of the University of Graz. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1985, ISBN 3-201-01276-9 , pp. 247-255.
• WW Swoboda:  Rollett Alexander. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 9, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1483-4 , p. 227 f. (Direct links on p. 227 , p. 228 ).
• Walter Höflechner, Ingrid M. Wagner (eds.): Alexander Rollett. His world in letters. 1844–1903 (= publications from the archive of the University of Graz. Vol. 42 = sources on the historical regional studies of Styria. Vol. 25). 2 volumes (Vol. 1: Introduction and letters 1844–1880. Vol. 2: Letters 1881–1903 / 06. ). Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 2012, ISBN 978-3-201-01972-9 ( Volume 1 digitized Volume 1 digitized on Austria Forum).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Little Chronicle. (...) Councilor Dr. Rollett. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 14044/1903, October 2, 1903, p. 5, top right. (Online at ANNO ). .
2. ^ Councilor Dr. Alexander Rollett †. In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 80/1903 (XXIV. Volume), October 7, 1903, p. 2 f. (Online at ANNO ). .
3. ↑ The Kaiser in Graz. (...) The opening of the university. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, No. 11054/1895, June 4, 1895, p. 2 middle. (Online at ANNO ). .
4. ↑ ^{a b} final report of the expert commission for street names Graz , Graz 2017, pp. 17-19
5. ^ Councilor Dr. Alexander Rollett †. In:  Grazer Tagblatt / Grazer Tagblatt. Organ of the German People's Party for the Alpine countries / Neues Grazer Tagblatt / Neues Grazer Morgenblatt. Morning edition of the Neues Grazer Tagblatt / Neues Grazer Abendblatt. Evening edition of the Neue Grazer Tagblatt / (Süddeutsches) Tagblatt with the illustrated monthly “Bergland” , first morning edition, No. 273/1903 (XIII. Year), October 4, 1903, p. 3 ff. (Online at ANNO ). .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Parte : Rosa Rollett gives deeply shaken (...). In:  Grazer Tagblatt / Grazer Tagblatt. Organ of the German People's Party for the Alpine countries / Neues Grazer Tagblatt / Neues Grazer Morgenblatt. Morning edition of the Neues Grazer Tagblatt / Neues Grazer Abendblatt. Evening edition of the Neue Grazer Tagblatt / (Süddeutsches) Tagblatt with the illustrated monthly “Bergland” , first morning edition, No. 270/1903 (XIII. Year), October 2, 1903, p. 13. (online at ANNO ). .
7. ↑ The successor of the Councilor Rollett. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 14056/1903, October 14, 1903, p. 7, center left. (Online at ANNO ). .

Remarks

1. ↑ The house in which Oktavia Aigner-Rollett is likely to have ordained was demolished during the construction of the Medical University of Graz .

Web links

• Entry on Alexander Rollett in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
• Edited letters from and to Alexander Rollett in the web service correspSearch of the BBAW