Alois Andritzki

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Blessed Alois Andritzki
Alois Andritzki
Alois Andritzki
Born July 2, 1914 ( Radibor )
Deceased February 3, 1943 ( Dachau concentration camp )
beatification June 13, 2011 by Benedict XVI.
Holiday 3 February

Alois Andritzki (also Aloys ; Upper Sorbian Alojs Andricki ; * July 2, 1914 in Radibor ; † February 3, 1943 in Dachau concentration camp ) was a Sorbian Catholic priest and martyr from the diocese of Meissen . He was a staunch opponent of National Socialism and was murdered in the Dachau concentration camp . He is venerated as a blessed by the Roman Catholic Church . His feast day is February 3rd .

Life

In the parish church Radiborer Andritzki 1939 celebrated his first Mass
Former grave of Alois Andritzki in the large priestly crypt of the Old Catholic Cemetery in Dresden
First memorial plaque on the Kreuzkirche in Radibor from 1946

Alois Andritzki was the son of the teacher, headmaster, organist and cantor Johann Andritzki (Jan Andricki) and his wife Magdalena, nee. Ziesch (Madlena Andriccyna, rodź. Cyžec) . He had two sisters (Marja, Marta) and three brothers (Jan, Gerat, Alfons). His three brothers also studied theology; the youngest brother Alfons, who belonged to the Jesuit order , died as a soldier in World War II .

Alois Andritzki attended elementary school in his hometown , after four years of elementary school switched to the Catholic secondary school in Bautzen and passed the university entrance examination with distinction. From 1934 to 1938 he studied theology and philosophy at the Philosophical-Theological Academy in Paderborn . After completing his studies, he lived in the seminary of the Meissen diocese in Schmochtitz near Bautzen. As a student, Andritzki was a member of the Sorbian grammar school association "Włada" and was its chairman for two years. During his studies he was editor of the Sorbian student magazine Serbski student and spokesman for the Sorbian student body.

On July 30, 1939, Alois Andritzki was ordained a priest by Bishop Petrus Legge in the St. Petri Cathedral in Bautzen . The first Mass he celebrated on August 6, 1939 in his home town in Radibor . He became a chaplain at the Catholic Court Church in Dresden. There he was entrusted with the tasks of a youth chaplain , prefect of the Dresden chapel boys and president of the Dresden Kolping family .

Alois Andritzki found the NSDAP and the state authorities uncomfortable because of his personal honesty and negative attitude towards the National Socialist ideology. Presumably he was suspicious of the representatives of the racial ideology because of his emphatic affiliation with the Sorbian people. In lectures and at meetings he denounced the persecution of clergy and believers by the National Socialists and criticized the writings of the Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg .

After attempts were initially made to intimidate him through interrogation, members of the Gestapo arrested him on January 21, 1941 and, after further interrogations, took him to the Dresden remand prison on George-Bähr-Strasse on February 7, 1941 for pre-trial detention. Before the Dresden special court in July 1941 he was charged with “insidious attacks on the state and party” (“ Heimtückegesetz ”) and sentenced to six months in prison. Since he refused to work with the National Socialists, he was transported from Dresden to the Dachau concentration camp on October 2, 1941 . There he was locked up with other clergymen in the “ pastor's block ”. Alois Andritzki received the prisoner number 27829.

During his time in the camp, Kaplan Andritzki tried to maintain an attitude and lifestyle that corresponded to his priesthood, despite the adverse conditions in prison. He regularly studied the Holy Scriptures with other priests and formed a liturgy group with them . Andritzki joined a group of Schoenstatt priests and got to know Josef Kentenich , who was admitted to the Dachau priests' block on March 13, 1942. In December 1942, typhus broke out among the malnourished prisoners as a result of the poor hygienic conditions in the concentration camp . Shortly after Christmas 1942, Alois Andritzki also fell ill. He did not report to the infirmary until January 19, 1943. During this time he was lying there with the priest Hermann Scheipers in the barracks for people with typhoid fever. According to his report, when Alois Andritzki, lying dying , asked a prisoner nurse to call a priest to give him Holy Communion , he was told : “Does he want Christ? He gets a syringe! ”Killed by an injection of poison.

The burial of the urn with the ashes of the murdered priest, which the administration of the Dachau concentration camp had sent to the family, took place on April 15, 1943 in Dresden in the Old Catholic Cemetery on Friedrichstrasse . On February 5, 2011, the urn was transferred to the Dresden Court Church in a solemn procession in the presence of thousands of believers.

Commemorations and honors

Pontifical mass for the beatification of Alois Andritzki in front of the cathedral in Dresden
Stumbling block for Alois Andritzki

At Easter 1946 Sorbian students unveiled a memorial plaque for Alois Andritzki at the Kreuzkirche in Radibor. The memory of Alois Andritzki was always cherished among the Sorbian population during the GDR era, when committed Christians and other non-communist victims of fascism were generally given little appreciation. In 1984 Sorbian youths erected a cross on the ski jump in Panschwitz-Kuckau . The Kuckauer Schanze has since become a meeting place for Sorbian Catholic youth. The inscription of the youth cross is taken from Alois Andritzkis' primary picture .

In 1984, a copper relief embossed by Werner Juza was attached as a memorial plaque to Alois Andritzki's birthplace in Radibor . The local Catholic kindergarten was named Dom Alojsa Andrickeho (Alois Andritzki House). In preparation for the Catholic meeting in Dresden in February 1987, a street was named after Andritzki. The city of Bautzen also named a street after him. The primary school in Rząsiny in Lower Silesia (Poland) is named after him. In January 1998 the Foundation dedicated Saxon Memorials to the memory of the victims of political tyranny together with the Münchner-Platz-Komitee e. V. in Dresden the day of remembrance in memory of the victims of National Socialism Alois Andritzki and the Czech journalist Milena Jesenská .

In 1999 the Catholic Church accepted chaplain Alois Andritzki as a witness of faith in the German martyrology of the 20th century .

On December 10, 2010, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome announced that the process of beatification, which opened on July 2, 1998, had been completed. On June 13, 2011, Alois Andritzki was beatified in a pontifical office in front of the Cathedral Sanctissimae Trinitatis (Catholic Court Church Dresden). Alois Andritzki is not only the first Sorbian blessed, but also the first to come from Saxony. On 5 February 2011, the urns of Alois Andritzki were in solemn procession Bernhard Wensch and Aloys Scholze from the Old Catholic Cemetery in the Cathedral transfer was where the urns of all three murdered priests are on the altar martyrs.

Since June 2011 a stumbling stone in front of the cathedral in Dresden has been reminding of Andritzki.

On April 12, 2014 at the German-Sorbian People's Theater in Bautzen, the world premiere of the musical drama Chodźić po rukomaj - Alois Andritzki ( German  Going On Hands - Alois Andritzki ) by Eva-Maria Zschornack and Ulrich Pogoda , directed by Lutz Hillmann (* 1959 ) instead of.

literature

  • Marja Kubašec: Alojs Andricki. Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin (= Bautzen) 1967 (Upper Sorbian), 2nd edition 1979.
  • Maria Kubasch (= Marja Kubašec): Alois Andritzki. Commitment to a better world (= Christ in the World series , Vol. 37). Union-Verlag, Berlin 1974.
  • Hermann Scheipers : A tightrope walk - priests under two dictatorships. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 1997, ISBN 3-7462-1221-9 .
  • Joachim Reinelt : A light sign for our time. In: Church official gazette for the diocese of Dresden-Meißen. Volume 8, 1998, Issue 14, pp. 188–192.
  • Helmut Moll (Ed. On behalf of the German Bishops' Conference): Witnesses for Christ. The German martyrology of the 20th century. , Paderborn u. a. 1999, 7th revised and updated edition 2019, ISBN 978-3-506-78012-6 , Volume I, pp. 190–192.
  • David Zimmer:  Andritzki, Alois. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 25, Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-332-7 , Sp. 15-17.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Marcus Knaup: Witness for Christ: Alois Andritzki (1914–1943). In: Theology and Faith . Volume 4, 2010, pp. 493-498.
  • Benno Schäffel, Alojs Andritzki: Alojs Andritzki - A picture of life. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-7462-3063-4 .
  • Benno Schäffel, Šćěpan Delan: Alojs Andricki - wobraz žiwjenja. Bautzen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7420-2206-6 .
  • Marcus Knaup: Confessors and Martyrs: Ernst Kuhlmann (1916–1940) and Alois Andritzki (1914–1943). In: Josef Meyer zu Schlochtern (Ed.): The Academia Theodoriana. From the Jesuit University to the Paderborn Theological Faculty 1614–2014. Schöningh, Paderborn 2014, pp. 337–346.

Web links

Commons : Alois Andritzki  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ [tt_news = 2 & cHash = a1c82585afd41d4c4e70c815733c79a4 thf-paderborn.de]
  2. ↑ The martyr who walked on hands . In: Schoenstatt News , April 21, 2011
  3. ↑ Dietrich Scholze: Places and stations of religious activity: Studies on the church history of the bilingual Upper Lusatia . Bautzen 2009, ISBN 978-3-7420-2136-6 , p. 327, books.google.de
  4. ↑ Sorbe Andritzki is beatified in Dresden at domradio.de, June 13, 2011, accessed on June 13, 2011
  5. ^ The first native Saxon is beatified ( Memento from December 16, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) at nachrichten.t-online.de, January 5, 2011, accessed on June 13, 2011.
  6. ↑ Chodźić po rukomaj (Walking on hands) - Alois Andritzki on the website of the German-Sorbian People's Theater
personal data
SURNAME Andritzki, Alois
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Andricki, Alojs
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sorbian martyr of the Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH July 2, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Radibor
DATE OF DEATH February 3, 1943
Place of death Dachau