Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen

Alt-Hohenschönhausen district of Berlin
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Coordinates	52 ° 32 '55 "  N , 13 ° 30' 27"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 32 '55 "  N , 13 ° 30' 27"  E
surface	9.33 km²
Residents	48,979 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	5250 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation	Oct. 1, 1920
Postcodes	13053, 13055
District number	1110
Administrative district	Lichtenberg

Old Hohenschönhausen ^{? / i} is a part ofBerlininthe Lichtenberg district. Until the district reform in 2001 it wasthe eponymous district ofthe Hohenschönhausen districtunder the nameHohenschönhausen, before that until 1985 it was a district inthe Weißensee district. When the district ofNeu-Hohenschönhausen wasrebuilt in 2002, the name was changed toAlt-Hohenschönhausen. The district has 48,979 inhabitants (as of December 30, 2019).

location

Alt-Hohenschönhausen is located in the northeast of Berlin on the Barnim . The name addition Hohen- is to be understood as a demarcation from the lower located Niederschönhausen . The highest elevations in the district are the Lindwerderberg am Obersee and the Fuchsberg in the cemetery of the St. Pius and St. Hedwigs parishes. The Obersee and the neighboring Orankesee are the only larger bodies of water in the district.

The borders are mainly based on the existing road and rail network. In the south, Landsberger Allee forms the border with Lichtenberg . The eastern boundary to Marzahn ( Marzahn-Hellersdorf district ) is the Berlin outer ring . The northern border to Neu-Hohenschönhausen is formed by Arnimstraße, Rüdickengraben and the northern development boundary on Bitburger Straße. The district of Weißensee ( Pankow district ) borders to the west. The border initially runs along Perler Strasse, the route of the disused industrial line Tegel – Friedrichsfelde, and further over Suermondtstrasse. From there it continues over the Orankestrand and Orankeweg to Indira-Gandhi-Straße and following this and Weißenseer Weg back to Landsberger Allee. On the southwestern edge, the district of Fennpfuhl borders on Alt-Hohenschönhausen.

history

Mention of Hohenschönhausen in a document dated February 4, 1356

Beginnings

The oldest settlement finds in the Hohenschönhauser area date from the Bronze Age . According to the settlement of the Berlin area, people could be around 10,000 BC. Lived here. In the first centuries of our era, the area was mainly populated by Sprewanen and Hevellers .

Hohenschönhausen was laid out as a typical street village. The settlement of the place began in the first half of the 13th century in the course of the German eastward expansion . The colonizers probably came from the area of Schönhausen in the Altmark . This could explain the place name, which is differentiated from the Slavic names of the surrounding villages, such as Malchow or Marzahn. beautiful, which can also mean clear or bright , could express the hopes of the local settlers who had them in their new home. Hausen comes from the Saxon word Hus and means house. In the 14th century the addition was followed by High (Ho, Hogen-) to recover from deeper Niederschönhausen (Nydderen Already Husen) delineate.

The Tabor Church is the oldest building in Hohenschönhausen.

In 1230 the construction of the late Romanesque village church began , which is the oldest still existing building in the district. The first indirect written evidence for the existence of the village can be found in a Berlin council document of August 19, 1284, in which the name "Conradus de Schonehusen" appears. It is uncertain whether this is the aforementioned Hohenschönhausen. The first reliable written evidence comes from the year 1352, in which the "rector ecclesie in alta Schonehusen", ie the pastor of the church of Hohen Schönhausen Heinrich Billerbeck, is mentioned in a document issued in Templin . In a trial, Billerbeck unmasked a false Waldemar who pretended to be Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg , who was declared dead in 1320 . Another four years later, the village was mentioned again when the noble family von Rochow confirmed the ownership of two hooves to the Kalandsherren on the Barnim “in campis nostre ville old Schonehusen”. In addition to their share of rent and interest, the Rochow family owned 16 hooves in Hohenschönhausen as well as the tenth of three farms, the higher jurisdiction and the wagon service.

As a result of Berlin's indignation , numerous wealthy patricians lost their possessions, which were then distributed to loyal followers of the elector. The von Rochow family affected by this measure lost their Hohenschönhauser share in 1448, which then went to Paschen Donewitz and his two sons Merten and Peter Donewitz as a Lehnschulzengut. In 1450 it became a manor that included ten Freihufen and a sheep farm and was owned by Hans Glienicke.

Rule of the Röbel family

The manor was transferred to the von Röbel family in 1480, who in addition to Hohenschönhausen owned other villages northeast of medieval Berlin , including almost half of Wartenberg . From 1513, one of their residences was in the village of Hohenschönhausen. In 1527 Arnt von Röbel was enfeoffed with a share in Leibchel , Sglietz and Skuhlen in Niederlausitz. Hans, Valten and Joachim Röbel zu Buchen ( Berlin-Buch ), Joachim, Peter, Wulf and Georg Röbel, Gebrüder zu Schonhause (Hohenschönhausen), Martin Röbel zu Buche (Berlin-Buch) and Hans and Dietrich Röbel, Brothers and Antonius Röbel zu Eigenstorff (Eggersdorf bei Strausberg: Petershagen-Eggersdorf ). In the year of the introduction of the Reformation in the Mark Brandenburg (1539) Hohenschönhausen adopted the new faith, the surrounding villages followed around the same time.

The castle is the oldest residential building - here during the renovation work in May 2006.

In the 16th century, the Brandenburg aristocracy was freed from grain tariffs. In the period that followed, the nobility sought to expand their own businesses. This happened above all through the so-called “ peasant laying ”, which meant that the peasants became increasingly dependent on the village lords and suffered their social decline as a result. The Röbels, on the other hand, benefited from the new circumstances and expanded their mansion in Hohenschönhausen. The newly built seat took up the grounds of the Schulzengericht and a former farm. Since the first half of the 18th century at the latest, the Hohenschönhausen Castle has been a massive stone building .

During the Thirty Years' War , the village suffered from 1626 onwards. In addition to the Swedes passing through , the imperial troops under Wallenstein also plundered Hohenschönhausen and the surrounding villages. Even the village church was not spared. For fear of being robbed again, the residents of Hohenschönhausen did not restore their houses. The devastation was immense and the war-induced famine was great. In the following years there was also the plague and other plagues. In 1651 a terrible plague of locusts was reported. A year later, the effects came to light in the Landreiter report for the Niederbarnim . At that time, a total of three farmers, a farmhand and five kossas still lived in the village. In 1624 there were still ten hoppers , three kossaths, a tenant shepherd and shepherd servants. It should be noted that none of them served in the war. In the entire area around Hohenschönhausen, the population loss was around 58 percent.

In 1736, the last member of the Röbel family resident in Hohenschönhausen, Christian Friedrich Röbel , sold the manor for a total of 22,800  thalers to the Berlin merchant Adam Ebersbach , whose family kept it until 1792. In the same year compulsory schooling was introduced in Prussia. The first school house was in the rear churchyard on Wartenberger Strasse.

Development in the 18th and 19th centuries

In the 18th century, at the beginning of the reign of Frederick the Great , silk production was promoted in the Berlin area. In Hohenschönhausen, the mulberry trees that served as the basis were located in the churchyard, the last of them still standing on the site until the 1980s. The Prussian king also ordered willows and fruit trees to be laid out on the streets, but the residents had to be reminded of their duties over and over again. In addition there was the ordered extermination of the sparrows . In 1740 every farmer had to deliver twelve sparrow's heads a week, and every Kossät eight. Should the number turn out to be lower, a corresponding contribution had to be paid into the poor fund.

The village suffered one more time during the Seven Years' War . After the defeat of Frederick II at Kunersdorf , Russian and Austrian troops marched into Berlin for the first time . The surrounding villages were looted equally by both troops, in Hohenschönhausen again including the church inventory. The concerned villagers then turned to the Weißensee district administrator Carl Gottlob von Nüßler , a close confidante of the king, who then gave them financial support of 450  thalers , which was about half the damage. Landowner Georg Ebersbach, who reported his loss as 105,000 thalers, was just as empty as the damaged church.

In 1816 the community gave itself a new coat of arms.

From 1802 the Hohenschönhausen estate was owned by the von Eisenhard family. Due to excessive debt, it was administered from 1812 by Municipal Councilor Cosmar and State Councilor Christian Friedrich Scharnweber . In 1817 Scharnweber acquired the estate and carried out the separation of estate and farming land in the course of the Prussian reforms . The viable farmers thus became the owners of the land, but had to cede the Wartenberg field, which made up a third of their land, to the landowner.

On the road to Altlandsberg (since 1992 Landsberger Allee), the Gasthaus Neuer Krug was built in 1821 , which was later named Wirtshaus zur Weiße Taube . Around the same time, the widow Scharnwebers, who died in 1822, leased part of the estate to vegetable farmers. The settlement that emerged there, initially with eight fireplaces, was initially called Colonie Hohenschönhausen , and from 1854 onwards Neu-Hohenschönhausen (not to be confused with the district of the same name). On the other hand, it was popularly known as the Hungry Wolf . Outside the settlements, mainly grain was grown and, after the lifting of the mill compulsory in 1810, it was ground on site.

The development in the second half of the 19th century was significantly influenced by that of Berlin. As the city continued to grow, the city relocated various institutions to the suburbs, while at the same time development spread to them. The Berlin Protestant parishes of St. Andreas and St. Markus and the Catholic parishes of St. Pius and St. Hedwig acquired land from the manor district to build cemeteries in the 1880s. The construction of the urban sewerage system in the 1870s required appropriate areas for the sewage to trickle down . The sewage fields planned for the northeast of Berlin were largely created on the Malchow, Wartenberg and Falkenberg estates acquired by the city. The west of the Hohenschönhauser district was also used for trickling. The existing areas were also used for the cultivation of grain , root crops and grass , which in turn enabled livestock to be raised and raised. The derogatory nickname Hohenschöngrünkohl comes from this time .

In 1871 another colony was established on the western outskirts along Berliner Straße, which was named Wilhelmsberg in 1878 . In it and in the neighboring Neu-Hohenschönhausen colony, from 1881, more workers from the nearby central cattle and slaughterhouse lived . At the turn of the century, numerous allotment gardens were created in this area .

At the end of the 1880s, Scharnweber left the estate to his daughter Manon Pauline , who sold it to the entrepreneur Gerhard Puchmüller in 1890. This began in 1892 with the parceling of the approximately 400  hectare estate north of Berliner Straße. In the same year, the limited partnership Brauhaus Hohenschönhausen acquired part of the property to build a brewery, which began in 1894 as the Löwen Brewery with the production of Bohemian beer. She had the Lindwerderlake and the Elspfuhl filled up as fresh water reservoirs, which created the Obersee , and the stock could be regulated via a water tower . In 1893, the Aachen banker Henry Suermondt acquired the property and, together with the judiciary Julius Grosse-Leege, founded the land acquisition and construction company in Berlin , which, as owners, continued the parceling for speculative purposes. The villa district on Lake Oranke was built on the ground of the first parcels . A second villa colony was built around 1900 on the Obersee after the Hohenschönhauser brewery had sold the site to the Neue Boden Aktien-Gesellschaft .

On the opposite side of Berliner Straße, the Märkisches Viertel was built at the beginning of the 20th century . Unlike in the villa colonies, where the country house building code was in force, the building code was in effect for this area. Therefore, mainly multi-storey apartment buildings for working-class families were built here .

Along with the development of the manor district, the land acquisition and construction company continued to expand the infrastructure. In 1893 she set up a horse-drawn bus line to Berlin, and in 1899 it was replaced by an electric tram . At the beginning of the 20th century, all streets were paved. The brewery and the tram provided their own water and electricity supply, the place was connected to the sewer system and obtained city ​​gas from the Lichtenberg gas works . All the important branches were represented in the trade: in 1906 there were five bakeries, eight butchers, five dairies, four blacksmiths, two breweries and several locksmiths, shoemakers, wheelwright, tailors and innkeepers.

As the successor to Suermondt and Grosse-Leege, Paul Koenig was elected mayor of Hohenschönhausen in 1905 . During his tenure, the garden city was laid out in 1910 and the new town hall at Hauptstrasse 50 was built in 1911. In the same year, the manor district and rural community were merged to form the new rural community Berlin-Hohenschönhausen. In 1912 the fire station was built on Degnerstrasse and in 1915 a school on Roedernstrasse.

Incorporation to Berlin

Political independence came to an end with the Greater Berlin Act of October 1, 1920. Hohenschönhausen was incorporated into Berlin and assigned to the Weißensee district . Although the district with around 6,700 inhabitants was the second largest in the district, it was comparatively small in contrast to Weißensee with over 45,000 inhabitants. For Hohenschönhausen, the 1920s meant, above all, an upswing in the welfare and recreational sector. As a result of the economic crisis, several school feeding points, a hot water bathing facility, a daycare center and a comparatively large public library were created. On the other hand, an outdoor swimming pool and several sports facilities, mainly for football, were created on Lake Orankesee.

Nevertheless, these years were characterized by poverty and, above all, housing shortages. A first remedy was created by building several residential buildings on Paul-Koenig-Straße.In the mid-1920s, several houses were built on Wartenberger Straße, Malchower Weg and Suermondtstraße according to plans by Bruno Taut . In the south of the district, the expansion of the large family settlement along Dingelstädter Strasse began. In addition, several allotment gardens were created.

Hohenschönhausen in the time of National Socialism

Hohenschönhausen was a predominantly politically left-wing district; the mayors came from the USPD or the SPD until the National Socialists came to power . The first confrontations between Communists and National Socialists led to battles in the hall, for example during a speech by Joseph Goebbels in the “Storchnest” bar on Hauptstrasse.

The initially small NSDAP district association quickly gained new members after the party's first major electoral successes. The local group Hohenschönhausen was formed in February 1931 as an independent section within the parent group Weißensee. After the “ seizure of power ”, numerous citizens who were open to the new policy, who promised themselves advantages or who were urged to do so in the context of the “ Gleichschaltung ”, joined again .

Social Democrats and Communists were also persecuted as political opponents in Hohenschönhausen. The surveillance network that the NSDAP established extended to the smallest private structures and led to interrogations by the local NSDAP office (located in Orankestrasse ) or the Gestapo . The offenses charged ranged from the lack of the swastika flag to friendly contact with Jews .

With the law to restore the civil service of April 7, 1933, the NSDAP was finally able to fill the most important positions in the district's city council. More than 100 officers have been retired or fired. They have been replaced by people who have "made outstanding contributions to the national uprising". The leader principle was strictly implemented.

In 1934, the White Taube housing estate was built on both sides of Landsberger Allee and around 1937 the war victims' settlement on Malchower Weg, which was intended for disabled participants in the First World War . Around the same time, the Niles settlement was built on Malchower See . In since 1920 Weissensee based NILES works were at that time, endeavoring to maintain a permanent staff on the operation of binding, specially the factory settlement should occur. Only half of the horseshoe-shaped settlement originally planned as far as Wartenberg was realized.

The National Socialists not only persecuted their political opponents, but also disenfranchised and persecuted minorities. In 1925, 64  Jews are said to have lived in Hohenschönhausen (source not known). There were a few Jews in Hohenschönhausen who were able to continue their profession after the Reichspogromnacht of November 9, 1938.

Among them was the outstanding Victor Aronstein . With the help of citizens of Hohenschönhausen, he managed to maintain his practice, albeit in a different place. His waiting room was also a meeting place for communists and social democrats . The doctor continued for about a year. In 1939 he moved to Charlottenburg and was deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto in 1941 . When the Red Army approached , the ghetto was dissolved from mid-1944. Like most of the more than 160,000 ghettoized people, he was forcibly deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. He was able to escape premature death through the arbitrariness of the so-called “selections”. A survivor of the mass murder who accompanied Aronstein from Litzmannstadt to Auschwitz reported that the doctor fell ill with pulmonary TB and was murdered two weeks before the liberation by the Red Army, probably on January 13, 1945. In memory of Victor Aronstein there is a plaque at Werneuchener Straße 3 and a nursing home for the elderly in Hohenschönhausen was named after him.

Memorial stone on the square of the former synagogue

The Jewish house of God in Konrad-Wolf-Straße was destroyed by the National Socialists, as a memorial stone in its place shows. In Hohenschönhausen there were also expropriations and, as elsewhere in the sphere of influence of the National Socialists, forced laborers were forced to work. After the end of the war, only 27 Jews lived in Hohenschönhausen in 1947 (the source of the census is not known).

During the Second World War , Hohenschönhausen was hit several times in air raids . The air raid control station kept records of the air raid alarms within the districts . The entries of the local air raid guard Franz Gröpler go from 1941 to April 17, 1945. The first impact was reported on January 16, 1943. Between January and March 1945 alone, 93 alarms were finally recorded. The siren emitting the warning signal was located on the water tower on the Obersee . The attacks were primarily aimed at local companies such as the Richard Heike machine factory .

From surrender to the construction of the wall

In remembrance of the Soviet soldiers who fell when Hohenschönhausen was taken, this memorial was built on Küstriner Strasse.

The first Soviet troops marched into Berlin on April 21, 1945. One of the first liberated districts was Hohenschönhausen, which was reached in the evening hours of the day and taken completely on the following day. Wartenberg, Falkenberg and Marzahn had already been liberated by the Red Army beforehand. The mood in the last few days before the Soviet invasion was mixed. While on the one hand members of the Volkssturm tried to mobilize the male citizens for the "final battle", on the other hand some citizens succeeded in persuading the soldiers and Volkssturm members to surrender their weapons. This ambivalence is made clear by the fact that in some houses the swastika flag and the white flag were alternately hoisted. The fighting in the center of the village continued until the invasion, after which the Red Army deployed rapid fire guns to begin the artillery bombardment of the city center.

Just one day later, the Soviet commander-in-chief Marshal Zhukov issued an order for the military commanders of the occupied districts and cities to form local administrations. One day later, on April 23, 1945, the first anti-fascists reported to the commandant responsible for the Weissensee district. After the talks began, the newly formed district administration met for the first time on May 2nd, and Berlin capitulated on the same day. In addition to the commander responsible for the entire district, there were also commanders for the districts.

After the unconditional surrender on May 8, the picture in the suburbs was almost the same as in the inner city of Berlin. In addition to the lack of electricity and gas, diseases such as typhus and dysentery were rampant , refugees and orphans wandered the streets. The main problem was the supply of food. For this purpose, the "Weißensee Nutrition Office" was set up on April 28, 1945; it was primarily intended to ensure that the civilian population was supplied with meat and bread, and it also took care of the replacement regulation for lost or stolen food cards . In addition to the distribution of the food available according to lists, there were some “ goulash cannons ” for general supply. Nevertheless, all of these measures could only slightly alleviate the misery. If available at all, the food was primarily used to satisfy the Russian occupiers. As a result, child mortality due to malnutrition rose, but so did the number of suicides due to great hopelessness, especially among the elderly. At the same time, the black market in food flourished. In November 1945 a rethink began. All green areas should be prepared for the cultivation of vegetables, the measure affected farms as well as allotment gardeners. As a result, around 2,600  tons of vegetables were grown in this way, 100 tons of which were earmarked for the Weißensee district. A large part could, however, be given to the other eastern districts.

In addition to the ever increasing supply of food, life generally returned to normal. Schools could already be started in the summer of 1945, in the same year the castle was used as a hospital, temporarily specializing in sexually transmitted diseases, as the number of people affected in the district was over 1000. Later a maternity ward was located here. In September the first dance halls opened their doors again.

In April 1946, the commission of the same name in Weißensee began work for the planned denazification . People involved in the former NSDAP or its sub-organizations had to apply for denazification, otherwise they would not have been able to resume their work. At the same time, non-denazified people were expropriated without compensation, and their property was credited to politically persecuted people, refugees or poor people.

Memorial stone for the victims of special camp No. 3

In May 1945 the Soviet NKVD set up one of ten special camps in Alt-Hohenschönhausen in the Soviet occupation zone , special camp No. 3 . It was located on the former industrial site of the Richard Heike mechanical engineering company on Genslerstrasse, which has since been used for a large kitchen for the National Socialist People's Welfare . The central administrative headquarters of all ten Soviet special camps in this zone of occupation were located in Genslerstrasse, which was adjacent to special camp No. 3. It is estimated that around 20,000 people were imprisoned in this camp for political reasons under unworthy and unimaginable conditions. Without an understanding of the crimes of the Second World War, the conditions at that time and the law of occupation after the end of the war cannot be understood. Special Camp No. 3 was closed in October 1946.

Of around 20,000 prisoners in the special camp and a neighboring Soviet detention labor camp, an estimated 1,000 died of hunger, cold and disease. The bones of the nameless dead were buried in mass graves. In 1995 they were found in search excavations in the vicinity of the camp. For them, a place of thought based on a design by the designer Manfred Höhne was inaugurated in 1998 at the Hohenschönhausen cemetery on Gärtnerstrasse. These include a grave field covered with field stones, the memorial stone with a cast iron plaque, the entrance to the grave field lined with thorny bushes and the entrance area designed as a labyrinth made of oak planks.

In the winter of 1946/1947 prisoners had to build a prison with 60 windowless cells on the site of the special camp in the underground storage and cooling room of the former large kitchen. This served as the central pre-trial detention center of the Soviet secret police . Non-rule of law methods and torture were used there. The Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial Foundation dedicates its work, among other things, to coming to terms with the past of the Soviet Special Camp No. 3 and the Soviet secret service prison .

In the summer of 1951, the Ministry for State Security (MfS), founded in 1950, took over the cellar prison as the central remand prison in the GDR .

From an economic and political point of view, developments in Hohenschönhausen as well as in the rest of the Weißensee district proceeded as the new political leadership intended. With the laws passed in February and March 1947 and valid from May 1949 on the transfer of corporations and other commercial enterprises into public ownership , several businesses in the district were affected, further outside mainly those active in agriculture . The implementation was quick, as early as 1955 around 90 percent of all businesses in the entire district were publicly owned, seven percent remained in private hands, the rest was property in trust . Until 1972 the remaining facilities were also nationalized.

Hohenschönhausen was still strongly influenced by agriculture. From the 1950s the former sewage fields were also used for arable farming.

During the workers' uprising of June 17, 1953 , there were work stoppages on site, but relatively slowly. At first only the construction sites were hit. Only in the course of the day were other companies called to stoppage, which was sometimes successful. The VEB timber in the Quitzowstraße (since 1983: Simon Bolivar street) with its approximately 500 employees counted while the larger companies. While more than 1,000 workers were still on strike on June 18, 1953, most of the companies and construction sites resumed their work a day later. This was achieved through the targeted arrest of ringleaders. The effect partially failed to work. By the time the Wall was built in 1961 , numerous people from Weißensee fled East Berlin for various reasons . The building of the wall was initially accepted by those who believed the propaganda of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) against the cross-border commuters who worked in West Berlin . On the other hand, it also meant separating relatives and friends. There was hope that the border would be closed for a short time. In the period that followed, the wall , which was referred to as an “ anti-fascist protective wall ” for propaganda purposes , was to repeatedly provide topics of conversation in the district.

From village to metropolitan area

In the 1950s, Hohenschönhausen was anything but metropolitan. In the main street there were still small and medium-sized businesses that provided daily needs, so there were blacksmiths and shoemakers as well as bakers, butchers and greengrocers. There were also some cinemas, such as the Uhu cinema on Degnerstrasse and numerous bars . There are said to have been over 50 restaurants on Hauptstrasse and Berliner Strasse alone.

At that time, among other things under arisen monument standing building complex Dynamo Sport Forum for the same SC Dynamo Berlin , or residential complexes in the Kniprodeallee (since 1988 Hansastraße) and Large-Leege Street. Later in the 1970s, the Lichtenberg Nordost industrial area was added, which is located on the eastern edge of the district. For this purpose, the Rhinstrasse coming from Lichtenberg was gradually extended to the main street. The GDR building academy was also located on the site , with a tower that served as an experimental set-up for the panel construction.

Since the 1980s, high-rise buildings have complemented the village center of Hohenschönhausen.

In 1971, at the 8th Party Congress, the SED decided on the socialist housing program. On the IX. At the 1976 party congress, she specified the plans and set the task of eliminating the housing shortage in East Berlin by 1990. The first buildings - erected as prefabricated buildings - were erected between 1972 and 1975 between Wartenberger and Falkenberger Straße (since 1980 Gehrenseestraße), from 1975 to 1981 the new development area Hohenschönhausen I was built north of Leninallee , and from 1979 to 1984 the residential complex Hohenschönhausen II followed in the vicinity of the Village center. Around 8,000 apartments with space for around 25,000 residents were created. Although emphasis was placed on the fact that the village center and the new housing estate were architecturally compatible, the implementation turned out to be less harmonious. The image of the old village was destroyed simply by widening the streets leading to the village center and expanding the main street to four lanes. Nevertheless, numerous farmhouses as well as the Tabor Church and the castle have been preserved , especially in the village center .

See also : District Hohenschönhausen

Central Pretrial Detention Center of the Ministry for State Security (1951–1989)

As early as the summer of 1951, the GDR Ministry for State Security (MfS) took over the central remand prison of the Soviet secret police (cellar prison) and the associated area of ​​the former special camp No. 3 and used it as a central remand prison until the political change in 1989 .

Small cell of the Stasi prison in the new building

Corridor with cells in the new building of the former prison

In the immediate vicinity of the remand prison there was a secret labor camp of the Stasi until 1974, Labor Camp X. In the late 1950s, prisoners from this secret Stasi labor camp built a new prison building. This new building contained over 100 cells and 120 interrogation rooms. Between May 21, 1959 and December 7, 1989, a total of 2,694 inmates from all MfS prisons were treated in the adjacent “Central Detention Hospital”. After the last renovation of the detention hospital, it contained 28 beds from 1972. After the new prison building began to be used in 1961, the cellar prison was mainly used for storage purposes.

After the Wall was built on August 13, 1961, many GDR citizens who wanted to leave or flee were imprisoned in the central remand prison of the MfS . Critics of the SED and the real socialist conditions in the GDR such as Rudolf Bahro , writer Jürgen Fuchs or Bärbel Bohley were imprisoned. In the immediate post-war period , Nazi war criminals such as Heinz Barth and Josef Blösche were also imprisoned in the central remand prison of the MfS on Genslerstrasse.

Physical torture as a method of extorting confession was no longer officially used after Stalin's death in 1953 and the associated end of Stalinism in the GDR. The MfS went over to subtle psychological and emotional wear and tear on the prisoners. The GDR was looking for international recognition in the 1950s. Physical torture, in particular, was outlawed. Employees trained at the legal college in Potsdam were nonetheless specially trained to destabilize and destroy the prisoners' personality . The Stasi tried to weaken the inner attitude of inmates in the Stasi prison through perfectionist isolation , uncertainty, systematic fear and disorientation (social and sensory deprivation ) in order to be able to exercise power. The prisoners in the central remand prison of the MfS were systematically harassed, for example by waking up regularly at night or by changing the room temperature. Many prisoners did not know during their detention that they were in the middle of East Berlin . The entire area around the prison was a restricted area . The area was veiled in city maps. Apartments in the immediate vicinity of the restricted area were primarily allocated to MfS employees and people close to the state. The MfS had other service units on the premises such as the main department IX / 11, the operational-technical sector (e.g. forgery workshops) and the archive of the files from the Nazi era managed by the MfS . All MfS prisons in the GDR were centrally administered from this location.

The Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial Foundation dedicates itself, among other things, to coming to terms with the history of this MfS remand prison and raising awareness of the fate of the inmates, the discussion of the deeds of Stasi employees in the service of the SED state and the psychological consequences of the Stasi methods attentive. It opens access to the prison grounds and its buildings to an international public and offers guided tours and eyewitness work.

Turnaround and a new political beginning

The first years after the political change were marked by numerous migrations. In the years up to 2002 alone, the population decreased by 18 percent. This was justified by the fact that the attractiveness to live here was simply not sufficient, there was a lack of a district center and sufficient green spaces. In the 1990s, more apartments were built, such as at the White Dove ; The image of the district improved again through the renovation of historical buildings, the expansion of the streets (e.g. Konrad-Wolf-Straße) and the new construction of the Storchenhof shopping center .

Overview map of Alt-Hohenschönhausen with selected streets and the individual districts

Locations

overview

Due to its long history, Alt-Hohenschönhausen has numerous locations and neighborhoods that illustrate the development based on their architecture. What is remarkable is the strong contrast between the old and the new, which is clearly reflected in the village center. There are two point high-rise buildings right next to the Tabor Church .

Village center

The main street forms the center of Alt-Hohenschönhausen

The village center is the oldest part of Hohenschönhausen and is completely protected as a monument. Until the second half of the 19th century, the community barely grew beyond these limits, so almost everything that people needed for their daily needs was here. Hohenschönhausen emerged as a street village , the main street here forms the central street into which the streets and paths to the surrounding villages flow at the borders. Although several manor houses and listed buildings such as the castle have been preserved, at least as many buildings fell victim to the construction crews, be it to expand the main street or to replace it with new apartments. The area of ​​the village center roughly comprises the main street and the buildings adjacent to it.

See also : Hauptstrasse

Residential area

The Obersee and the Orankesee form the heart of the villa district.

The villa district on Orankesee was created when the site was parceled out from 1892 by Gerhard Puchmüller and Henry Suermondt . The first villa colony developed south of the Orankesees , and around 1900 the second was built on the Obersee . The villas were mainly built in the country house style, i.e. one to two storeys. The future residents were attracted, among other things, by the fact that the Hohenschönhausen villas are "next to Steglitz, the highest of all Berlin suburbs and therefore very excellent in terms of health". In addition, the area had the supply and disposal of water, was connected to the municipal gas works and electricity was already fed in. Several small businesses such as bakers and butchers existed on Berliner Straße (since 1985 Konrad-Wolf-Straße) for the daily errands.

The villa colonies on the Upper Lake and Orankesee, which then belonged to the estate, grew rapidly. From 1905 to 1910 the population doubled from 1758 to 3500 inhabitants, while the population in the municipality (the village) decreased from 1889 to 1793 inhabitants.

The two lakes, the Obersee and the Orankesee, form the Obersee-Orankesee-Park.

When asked about their place of residence, the people of Hohenschönhausen were happy to answer: "In Hohenschönhausen, where the high people live nicely".

Märkisches Viertel

The Märkisches Viertel is the area between Konrad-Wolf-Straße, Bahnhofstraße, Genslerstraße, Landsberger Allee and Altenhofer Straße. Some areas of this district are listed; the quarter should not be confused with the Märkisches Viertel in the Reinickendorf district . Most of the streets have been named after Brandenburg towns such as Bad Freienwalde (Oder) or Werneuchen .

Hippopotamus settlement in the Märkisches Viertel

The Märkisches Viertel is the counterpart to the villa district on the other side of Konrad-Wolf-Straße. Above all, workers from the Berlin, Lichtenberg and Hohenschönhausen factories lived in four to five- story tenements . The general development of the area lasted from about 1900 to 1920, only a few houses in the area are younger or still bear witness to the former agricultural use. Similar to the Hobrecht Plan for Berlin, next to the apartment buildings there are some central places for architectural loosening up, such as Strausberger Platz between Große-Leege-Straße, Goeckestraße and Strausberger Straße (not to be confused with the square in Mitte ).

The area in the northeast of the district was closed to public access until German reunification due to its use as the central remand prison of the Ministry for State Security Berlin-Hohenschönhausen and other institutions of this type. The Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial , which has been placed under monument protection, is housed in the central area .

Wilhelmsberg

Wilhelmsberg was the name for the populated Lichtenberg colony from 1878 . It was named - in keeping with the spirit of the times - after the then Kaiser Wilhelm I. The area stretched roughly in the triangle Landsberger Allee - Oderbruchstraße - Altenhofer Straße . In terms of the population structure, it was primarily a workers' settlement. Most of the people who lived here were employed in factories in Berlin or Lichtenberg or, from 1881, mostly in the central cattle farm and slaughterhouse . In 1920, when the former border villages of Berlin were incorporated, border corrections were made: Since the Landsberger Chaussee (since 1992 Landsberger Allee ) was established as the future border line between the districts of Lichtenberg and Weißensee , the White Taube settlement came to Lichtenberg and the Wilhelmsberg settlement to the Weißenseer District Hohenschönhausen. After the Second World War, a mountain of rubble was built on the northwest side of Wilhelmsberg , which later became the Volkspark Prenzlauer Berg .

Another boundary correction with regard to Wilhelmsberg took place in 1974: For the planned new housing estate in Fennpfuhl , the Wilhelmsberg site west of Weißenseer Weg was reassigned to the Lichtenberg district, the east side remained with the Weißensee district. Only a fraction of the original architecture of the former colony has been preserved, especially along Konrad-Wolf-Straße on the northern edge there are buildings from the turn of the century.

Garden city

Gottfriedstrasse, one of the many side streets in the garden city

The garden city was built from 1910 on both sides of Falkenberger Straße (since 1980: Gehrenseestraße) on the northeastern edge of Hohenschönhausen. On the one hand, it should be an alternative to the villa quarter for the little man , on the other hand it should represent a contrast to the Märkisches Viertel with loosened buildings and avoidance of the urban environment. The streets in the quarter all have male first names, such as Gottfried or Lothar.

Until the 1970s, there was hardly any interference with the architecture or the surroundings of the garden city. The first measure that brought about change was the erection of several prefabricated buildings on the western edge of the garden city, which they directly touch. The area was not gutted and redesigned like the old village center, but retained its shape. Only the infrastructure was adapted to the times, for example in the expansion of the roads or the laying of sewer pipes.

The Gehrenseestrasse S-Bahn station, which opened in 1984, had the designation Garden City as its working title . In order to avoid a possible confusion with the garden city Falkenberg in Altglienicke , the name was changed.

Malchower Weg settlement

Gate-like buildings of the Bruno-Taut-Siedlung on Paul-König-Straße

With the exception of the apartments, which are located on Malchower Weg, you could name all of the districts of Alt-Hohenschönhausen. The problem in this case is that the buildings on this street couldn't have been more different.

Coming from the main street , the Bruno Taut settlement begins. This, named after the architect Bruno Taut who worked here , extends in the triangle Malchower Weg - Paul-König-Straße - Wartenberger Straße. It was built in 1926 and 1927, mainly in the form of semi-detached houses. The settlement is characterized by two gate-like buildings to the left and right of Paul-König-Straße, which demarcate the district.

This settlement was originally called Parrot Settlement because the houses were very colorful, the front and back of the houses were red and the gables were painted blue and yellow, respectively. The settlement, which was supposed to be much larger, was started by Otto Kuhlmann . He built the gate-like driveway and several houses in Paul-Koenig- and Titastraße. However, the beginning global economic crisis made the construction project an expensive undertaking faster than expected. When it turned out that the project could not be carried out in this way, Bruno Taut was commissioned to continue building the estate in order to save costs. Overall, the settlement was designed smaller than originally planned.

An Erdholländer windmill , which belonged to the master miller Heinrich Maihofer, was attached to the settlement until the end of the war . The mill was one of the landmarks of Hohenschönhausen until it was destroyed by Soviet soldiers , and at the same time it was the namesake of the nearby allotment gardens and the Mühlengrund development area in neighboring Neu-Hohenschönhausen.

In the further course of the street there is the country house settlement, the war sacrifice settlement for the wounded of the First World War, a Finnish hut settlement and several villas . After the fall of the Wall, two new development areas were also built on the west side of the street, near Falkenberger Chaussee .

White Pigeon

White Taube development area as seen from Landsberger Allee

The White Taube housing estate is located on the southern edge of Alt-Hohenschönhausen on both sides of Landsberger Allee , with the southern part already belonging to the Lichtenberg district.

The name goes back to a restaurant that has been on the site of the later settlement since 1821. Before that, the inn was called Neuer Krug . A post office of the Niederschönhausen office had been in this house since 1766 . - The development of the settlement lasted until the 1930s, before that there were only a few houses in addition to the restaurant and from the turn of the 20th century an allotment garden.

Only after the seizure of power of the Nazis , the area came to importance. In 1934 the suburb of Hohenschönhausen was established , the name White Dove was still more common, the latter later became the official name. Only the northern part up to Plauener Straße could be moved, the southern area remained undeveloped until the 1990s. Up until 1996, three to four-story apartment buildings were built here. A third construction phase immediately north of Landsberger Allee could not be realized and the site of the previous greenhouse complex is fallow.

Dingelstädter Strasse settlement

View from Landsberger Allee through Dingelstädter Strasse

Similar to the settlement White Pigeon later came east in the 1920s Rhinstraße the urbanization Dingelstädter road . Occasionally the settlement is called The Large Family , which goes back to the housing association that carried out the construction. The concept envisaged providing inexpensive apartments for families with little means and large numbers of children.

The first phase of construction was carried out from 1925 to 1927. This comprised 18 group houses with space for six to twelve families, each of which was awarded a 3½-room apartment with an average of 113 m². In addition to the relaxed architecture, the houses have modern sanitary facilities and economical furniture in the form of built-in cupboards. Furthermore, several apartments have their own tenants' garden, and there was also a children's paddling pool.

The second construction phase began in 1929 and was completed in the same year. Similar to the first construction phase, this comprised multi-storey houses, but in this case not only for large families, which can be seen in the size of the living space: Instead of the previously selected 3½-room apartments, 58 apartments with 1½ rooms of 50 m², 58 apartments with two 55 m² rooms and 24 apartments with 2½ rooms 64 m² each.

Another name for the settlement was Klein Moskau , which is attributed to the internal struggle for leadership in the cooperative between SPD and KPD members. After the KPD dominated the board from 1927, this name was created. One of the well-known communists who lived in the settlement was Artur Becker , a member of the Reichstag . Like him, however, many communists left the settlement after 1933.

Commercial area Marzahner Straße and Plauener Straße

The east of the district between Rhinstrasse and the outer ring was mainly used for agriculture well into the 20th century. In the 1970s the academy complex of the GDR Building Academy was rebuilt in the area. The numerous experimental buildings included a 48-meter-high tower that served as a test vehicle for the panel construction . It became the emblem of the district. The associated panel factory of the housing combine was further north on Gehrenseestrasse.

In the mid-1990s, an industrial park with space for up to 2,000 jobs was created on the grounds of the academy, which was closed in 1991. The tower and 43 other structures had to be demolished. The business park is being marketed as part of Berlin eastside . One of the largest operations is a Stadler Rail assembly plant , which was built in 2011 in the former panel plant.

Selected monument areas or architectural monuments

• Degnerstraße: factory owner's villa of the Löwenbrauerei
• Freienwalder Straße 15/16: Storage building from 1916, architect: Richard Opitz, 1922 conversion
• Freienwalder Straße 17: Villa Heike , administration building of the Richard Heike machine works from 1910/1911, architect: Richard Lotts
• Große-Leege-Straße 56–59: Housing complex from 1926/1929, architect: Walter Hämer
• Große-Leege-Straße 97/98: residential building from 1913 as well as office and factory building
• Konrad-Wolf-Straße 31/32: cemetery, chapel, administration building and surrounding wall, planned by Hermann Bunning in 1906/1907 , as well as groves of honor on this cemetery for Belgian, Dutch and Soviet war victims
• Konrad-Wolf-Straße 33–36: the entire cemetery of the St. Andreas and St. Markus parishes
• Konrad-Wolf-Straße 70: House with enclosure from 1886, architect: H. R. Remus
• Konrad-Wolf-Straße 82–84: Factory building, machine room and boiler room of the former sugar confectionery factory , built in 1908 and expanded twice by 1926
• Oberseestraße 60: residential building ( Haus Lemke ), better known as the Mies van der Rohe house, 1932, architect: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
• Oberseestraße 76: House with enclosure from 1909, architects: Gebrüder Wunsch and Otto Spei
• Oberseestraße 101–109: Housing complex from 1927, architect: Paul Ludwig Schulte
• Orankestraße 30: suburban villa from 1895, architect: G. Förder
• Orankestrasse 84: House from 1893, architect: Körner
• Suermondtstrasse 38–55: Housing complex from 1927, architect: Max Werner
• Suermondtstrasse 56–64: Housing complex from 1929, architect: Hermann Dernburg
• Werneuchener Straße 25–28: School building from 1955/1957 with a gym

population

year	Residents
2007	41,724
2010	42,083
2015	45,022
2016	46,994
2017	48.151
2018	48,726
2019	48,979

Source: Statistical Report AI 5. Population in the State of Berlin on December 31st. Basic data. Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (respective years)

economy

Hohenschönhausen was strongly influenced by agriculture until the second half of the 19th century, and it was still present on site until the second half of the 20th century. After the founding of the empire, suburban development gradually began. In 1906 all important industries were represented in the village. In addition to small businesses for daily necessities, which were spread all over the place, larger factories settled in the vicinity of Große-Leege-Straße and along the industrial railway Tegel-Friedrichsfelde, which opened in 1907 . Among the well-known were the company Groß & Graf, the German-American sugar goods GmbH Georg Lembke, the machine factory Richard Heike as well as the Löwenbrauerei and the brewery Gabriel und Richter ( Berlin Pilsner ). There were also numerous tourist restaurants.

The first companies to return to production after 1945 were primarily those in the food industry. Other companies switched their production to "peace goods". In February 1946, 77 companies were registered in the town, 55 of them were working, 20 were under construction, one was dismantled or could not work due to a lack of raw materials. As a result of Order No. 124 of the SMAD , other companies were affected by the sequestration .

After the separation of the Berlin city administration, most of the companies in East Berlin were transferred to public ownership and converted into state- owned companies (VEB) in the early 1950s . The largest companies included various VEBs in the food and luxury food industry, as well as metal companies such as VEB Elektromont with over 400 employees and VEB Holzwerk with over 500 employees. By the time of reunification, the former Berlin Pilsner brewery developed into the headquarters of the VEB Getränkekombinat Berlin , which became the Berliner Kindl -Schultheiß brewery. In the immediate vicinity, a bus depot for the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe was built from 1956 . Furthermore, the plants I and II of the VEB plant for signal and security technology Berlin were located in Hohenschönhausen.

After the turnaround and the associated privatization, some of these companies closed their Hohenschönhausen production facilities. The importance of retail , on the other hand, increased due to the construction of shopping centers. From the mid-1990s, the Allee-Center was built along Landsberger Allee, the Hohenschönhauser Tor at the intersection of Konrad-Wolf-Straße and Weißenseer Weg, and the Storchenhof shopping center on Hauptstraße. A large industrial area was created on the site of the former GDR building academy by 1997. In the north of this, a production plant by Stadler Pankow was opened in 2011 in the former panel plant of the housing combine , in which trams and light rail vehicles are manufactured for various European companies.

traffic

Private transport

The road network is largely based on the historical connections between Hohenschönhausen and the neighboring districts. Many of these traffic routes start or end on the main road or in the immediate vicinity of it. The main road connections in the district are the streets Suermondtstraße - Hauptstraße - Rhinstraße as a connection between Weißensee, Alt-Hohenschönhausen and Friedrichsfelde , Indira-Gandhi-Straße  - Weißenseer Weg from Weißensee to Lichtenberg, the Hansastraße from Weißensee to Neu-Hohenschönhausen and the Landsberger Allee from the Berlin city center towards Marzahn. The Konrad-Wolf-Straße from Alt-Hohenschönhausen to the city center, the Werneuchener and Liebenwalder Straße towards Lichtenberg, the Gehrenseestraße to Falkenberg and the Malchower Weg to Malchow are shown as local road connections . There are also additional roads.

Public transport: buses and trams

Maximum railcar of the Great Berlin Tram in Hohenschönhausen, 1912

Due to its remote location, Hohenschönhausen was unaffected by local public transport until the late 19th century. As the first means of local transport, the land acquisition and construction company set up a horse-drawn bus line between the village and the intersection of Landsberger Allee and Petersburger Strasse in 1893 , where there was a connection to the lines of the Neue Berliner Pferdebahn-Gesellschaft . At the point where it crossed the Ringbahn , Landsberger Allee station was opened in 1895 .

The bus was soon no longer sufficient, so an electric tram line was set up in its place. The Berlin – Hohenschönhausen tram operated by the Continentalen Society for Electrical Enterprises began operations on October 21, 1899. Its inner-city end point was at the intersection of Landsberger Strasse and Waßmannstrasse, and in 1908 it was extended over several side streets to the vicinity of Alexanderplatz . In 1910 the Große Berliner Straßenbahn took over the management of this line and from 1912 ran its line 164 parallel to the first lines in the town, in 1913 it was extended to Falkenberger Straße. For the Hohenschönhauser there were at times direct connections to Siemensstadt . At times there were plans to extend the existing route over Falkenberger Straße to Ahrensfelde .

In the 1920s there were various lines to Hohenschönhausen. From 1931 the 64 drove to Hohenschönhausen, the line remained in existence beyond the Second World War. In 1951 the tram line went into operation through Suermondtstraße to Weißensee. Line 70 replaced a bus line that had operated since the 1920s and established another connection to the city center via Weißensee. Two years later, the garden city received a direct tram connection with the newly established line 63. It had its inner-city end point at Hackescher Markt or at the World Youth Stadium , while 64, which ran parallel, drove over Leipziger Strasse to Friedrichstadt . In 1970 the line was discontinued.

From 1956 the trolleybus line O37 also touched the district. The line ran along Leninallee and its extension on Landsberger Chaussee (merged into Leninallee in 1978; this was renamed Landsberger Allee in 1992) to Bürknersfelde on the border with Marzahn, in 1960 the line was extended via Marzahn and Biesdorf to Lichtenberg station, followed by theirs in 1973 Shutdown.

As part of the Tatra program , several new tram lines were built in the direction of Marzahn, Lichtenberg and the new development area Hohenschönhausen-Nord from 1980 along with the housing construction program . From March 17, 1980, the newly established lines 11 and 12 drove from Langenbeckstrasse and the Frankfurter Allee S-Bahn and U-Bahn station via Leninallee along the southern boundary of the district to Marzahn S-Bahn station . The tram route through Falkenberger Strasse into the garden city was shut down on February 28, 1983. In their place, a new line was built for lines 63 and 70 over Wartenberger Strasse to Zingster Strasse, which went into operation on December 21, 1984. As a direct connection to Lichtenberg and at the same time part of a north-south tangent, the tram line through the northern Rhinstrasse went into operation on April 1, 1985 . Line 10 ran on it from Weißensee to Marzahn and line 16 from Zingster Strasse to Köpenick . The tram route through Hansastraße on the northwestern edge went into operation on August 10, 1987. It is part of the direct connection from the new development area Hohenschönhausen-Nord to Weißensee and was used by lines 28 and 58 (from 1988) in the direction of Hackescher Markt. Since the last major line network reform for the Berlin tram , the tram routes in the district have been used by the lines M4, M5, M6, M17, 16 and 27. There are also two bus routes in the district. The 256 creates a direct connection between the Lichtenberg S-Bahn and U-Bahn (subway) station , Hauptstraße and the Wartenberg housing estate, while the 294 runs between Neu-Hohenschönhausen and the industrial park on Marzahner Straße.

Planning for a subway line

In addition to the tram, there were several plans for a subway to Hohenschönhausen from the beginning of the 20th century , none of which were implemented. For example, the tram route opened in 1980 in Leninallee was initially to be built in a trough and, if necessary, converted to underground service. The express train connection was then implemented in the form of an S-Bahn , which was led from the Springpfuhl station via the Berlin outer ring , which represents the eastern district boundary, to Neu-Hohenschönhausen. The S-Bahn station Gehrenseestrasse, which opened on October 21, 1984, is located on the northeastern edge of the garden city, mainly as a replacement for the tram that was abandoned a year earlier. Another S-Bahn station with the working title Bürknersfelde was to be built at the intersection between the outer ring and Landsberger Allee. It was prepared during the construction of the line, but since there are no residential estates in the immediate vicinity apart from an industrial park, no commissioning has taken place so far (as of 2015).

Sports

Sports forum Hohenschönhausen

Dynamo hall at the Sportforum Hohenschönhausen

Dynamostadion at the Sportforum Hohenschönhausen

The Hohenschönhausen Sports Forum, founded in 1954 and completed by 1958, is Europe's largest sports and training center. The 55  hectare site is home to 30 sports clubs , the office of the Northeast German Football Association , the largest German Olympic base, twelve federal sports bases, the "Werner Seelenbinder Sports School", the "House of Athletes" with around 200 boarding places and the Institute for Sports Science of the Humboldt University of Berlin with around 500 students. The building ensemble is a listed building .

The most important clubs located on the site include the former GDR series champion in football and now BFC Dynamo , which plays in the regional league , as well as SC Berlin , in which athletics and swimming are practiced. Until April 2008, the first men's team of the EHC Eisbären Berlin used the sports forum - more precisely the “ Wellblechpalast ” - as their home ground. The club moved to O ₂  World for the 2008/2009 season and is represented in the Sportforum with its Eisbären Juniors Berlin youth team .

Olympic Training Center Berlin

The Sportforum Hohenschönhausen was expanded to include the Berlin Olympic base in 1987 ; after German reunification , it developed into the largest Olympic base in Germany. It is equipped with modern technology and has, among other things, a flow channel for swimmers, an image analysis system for gymnasts and a laser system for the hurdle sprint. The Olympic base produced a total of over 100 Olympic champions, world champions and European champions and thus offers training opportunities for 18 sports. The Olympic base in Berlin regularly provides most of the German athletes for the Olympic Games , and the famous athletes at the base include Franziska van Almsick , Claudia Pechstein and Andreas Wecker .

Personalities

People who were born in Hohenschönhausen or were or are related to the district in another way:

• Hans Christoph von Röbel (1603–1671), landlord of Hohenschönhausen
• Christian Dietrich von Röbel (1639–1723), manor owner in Hohenschönhausen
• Christian Friedrich Scharnweber (1770–1822), manor owner in Hohenschönhausen 1817–1872
• Henry Suermondt (1846–1930), founder of the “Landerwerbs- und Baugesellschaft zu Berlin”, from 1889 manor owner in Hohenschönhausen
• Richard Heike (1865–1945), industrialist for the manufacture of meat processing machines in Hohenschönhausen
• Paul Schmidt (1868–1948), inventor, lived in Hohenschönhausen Castle
• Julius Kurth (1870–1949), 1910–1935 pastor at the Taborkirche
• Victor Aronstein (1896–1945), doctor, lived in Hohenschönhausen from 1933–1938
• Artur Becker (1905–1938), communist politician, Spain fighter, lived at Dingelstädter Strasse 38a
• Paul Kárpáti (1933–2017), Hungarologist and Finno-Ugrist, lived and died in Berlin-Hohenschönhausen
• Hubertus Knabe (* 1959), 2000–2018 director of the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
• Carola Fleischhauer (* 1962), figure skater, born in Hohenschönhausen
• Andrea Kiewel (* 1965), TV presenter, grew up in Hohenschönhausen
• Inka Bause (* 1968), pop singer and television presenter, lives in Hohenschönhausen
• Sven Felski (* 1974), ice hockey player, sports official
• Danny Freymark (* 1983), politician (CDU), lives in Hohenschönhausen
• Karoline Herfurth (* 1984) actress and screenwriter, grew up in Hohenschönhausen
• Martin Pätzold (* 1984), politician (CDU) and professor, grew up in Hohenschönhausen

See also

• List of streets and squares in Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen
• List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen
• List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen

literature

• Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 .
• Bärbel Ruben: Hohenschönhausen as it used to be . Wartberg Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-86134-532-3 .
• Walter Püschel: Walks in Hohenschönhausen . In: Berlin reminiscences . No. 73 . Haude & Spener, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-7759-0398-4 .
• Peter Erler, Hubertus Knabe : The forbidden district. Stasi restricted area Berlin-Hohenschönhausen . Jaron Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-89773-506-7 .

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Alt-Hohenschönhausen  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Old Hohenschönhausen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Horst Ulrich, Uwe Prell, Ernst Luuk: Hohenschönhausen . In: Berlin Handbook. The lexicon of the federal capital . FAB-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927551-27-9 , p. 566-567 .
2. ↑ Horst Ulrich, Uwe Prell, Ernst Luuk: Hohenschönhausen . In: Berlin Handbook. The lexicon of the federal capital . FAB-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927551-27-9 , p. 566 .
3. ^ Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 26-29 .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Horst Ulrich, Uwe Prell, Ernst Luuk: Hohenschönhausen . In: Berlin Handbook. The lexicon of the federal capital . FAB-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927551-27-9 , p. 567 .
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 37-47 .
6. ↑ Rudolf Lehmann : Sources for the history of Niederlausitz. Part II. 290 p., Böhlau Verlag Körn, Vienna 1976 (p. 160/1).
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 47-62 .
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 64-79 .
9. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 80-86 .
10. ↑ ^{a b} Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 86-96 .
11. ↑ Herbert Mayer: Particularly popular Dr. Aronstein . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 3, 1997, ISSN  0944-5560 , p. 112-114 ( luise-berlin.de ).
12. ↑ Memory of Jewish life. (PDF) In: Berliner Woche , Friedrichsfelde and Karlshorst edition, June 10, 2020, p. 3.
13. ↑ Forced labor in Hohenschönhausen - exhibition opening of the local history museum with contemporary witnesses from Poland in the Lindencenter ( memento from December 20, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
14. ^ Forced labor in Berlin 1938–1945 . Working group of Berlin regional museums
15. ^ Book of the dead of the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial .
16. ↑ Commemorative year 2019: DENKOrt Gärtnerstrasse . Press release from the Lichtenberg District Office, October 29, 2019.
17. ↑ Call for tenders from the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development (PDF; 3.5 MB) for the partial renovation of the memorial to create a central exhibition area, p. 20.
18. ↑ Hubertus Knabe: The perpetrators are among us. About the glossing over of the SED dictatorship. Berlin 2009 (3rd edition)
19. ↑ Monument protection area of ​​the historic village center
20. ↑ Architectural monument river horse farm
21. ↑ MfS memorial in Genslerstraße 66
22. ↑ Uta Grüttner: The symbol of the building academy has disappeared . In: Berliner Zeitung . February 17, 1997.
23. ^ Peter Kirnich: Stadler opens new plant in Berlin . In: Berliner Zeitung . September 1, 2011.
24. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Factory owner's villa of the Löwenbrauerei in Degnerstrasse
25. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Freienwalder Straße 15/16: former warehouse building from 1916
26. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Freienwalder Strasse 17: former machine factory Richard Heike
27. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Große-Leege-Straße 56–59: Housing complex
28. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Große-Leege-Straße 97/98: residential building, office and factory building
29. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Konrad-Wolf-Straße 31/32: cemetery of the St. Pius and St. Hedwigs parishes, chapel, administration building and surrounding wall
30. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Konrad-Wolf-Straße 31/32: Ehrenhaine
31. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Konrad-Wolf-Straße 33–36: entire cemetery of the St. Marcus and St. Andreas parishes
32. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Konrad-Wolf-Strasse 70: residential building with enclosure
33. ↑ Berlin state monument list: former confectionery factory Konrad-Wolf-Straße 82–84
34. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Oberseestraße 60: residential building (Mies-van der-Rohe-Haus)
35. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Oberseestraße 76: residential building with enclosure
36. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Oberseestraße 101/109: residential complex
37. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Orankestrasse 30: suburban villa
38. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Orankestraße 84: residential building
39. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Suermondtstrasse 38–55: Housing estate 1927 by Max Werner
40. ↑ Berlin State Monument List: Suermondtstrasse 56–64: Hermann Dernburg's residential complex in 1929
41. ↑ Architectural monuments: Werneuchener Straße 25–28: Pestalozzi high school from 1955/1957 with gym
42. ↑ Statistical report AI 5 - hj 2 / 19. Residents in the state of Berlin on December 31, 2019. Basic data . (PDF) p. 26.
43. ^ Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 128-139 .
44. ^ Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 149-158 .
45. ^ Anke Huschner: Hohenschönhausen . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of the Berlin administrative districts . tape 15 . Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-87776-070-8 , p. 165-170 .
46. ↑ Superordinate road network. Inventory 2012. (PDF; 17.6 MB) (No longer available online.) Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment. Department VII, August 2012, formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 27, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
47. ^ Wanja Abramowski: 90 years of the Berlin – Hohenschönhausen tram . 1989.
48. ↑ Michael Günther: With interest guarantee for the manor castle. How the tram got to "Hohen = Schönhausen" . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 5, 1999, pp. 118-131 .
49. ↑ Jan Feustel: A cemetery with almost no graves. The Ostkirchhof Ahrensfelde and the Prussian railway . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 6, 2008, pp. 150-154 .
50. ^ Heinz Jung, Wolfgang Kramer: Line chronicle of the Berlin tram 1902–1945. 42nd episode . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 10, 1967, p. 172-173 .
51. ↑ Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer: The tram in the Berlin Transport Authority (BVG East / BVB) 1949-1991 . transpress, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-613-71063-3 , pp. 107-108 .
52. ^ Heinz Jung, Carl-Wilhelm Schmiedecke: The trolleybus in East Berlin . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . Issue 1, 1973, pp. 1-8 .
53. ^ Johannes Wolf: Lines 11 and 12 in operation . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 2, 1980, pp. 39-41 .
54. ↑ Reinhard Demps, Bodo Nienerza: By tram to Zingster Strasse. Expansion of the tram network in Berlin-Hohenschönhausen . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 2, 1985, pp. 39-42 .
55. ↑ Bodo Nienerza: Tram in Berlin on new routes. Commissioning of new lines in Hohenschönhausen and Marzahn . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 3, 1985, pp. 63-65 .
56. ↑ Bodo Nienerza: Tramway to Falkenberg opened . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 6, 1988, pp. 135-138 .
57. ^ Jan Gympel: U4. Story (s) from the underground . Ed .: District Office Schöneberg of Berlin, Berlin Passenger Association IGEB. GVE, Berlin, ISBN 3-89218-090-3 , pp. 60 .
58. ↑ Alexander Seefeldt, Manfred Weber: Underground to Marzahn. Urban rapid transit system in East Berlin 1949–1989 . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 2, 1997, pp. 26-35 .
59. ↑ Alexander Seefeldt, Manfred Weber: Underground to Marzahn. Urban rapid transit system in East Berlin 1949–1989 . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . Volume 3, 1997, pp. 66-69 .
60. ^ Bernhard Strowitzki: S-Bahn Berlin. Story (s) for on the go . GVE, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89218-073-3 , p. 272-273 .