Amir Kabir

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Amir Kabir

Amir Kabir ( Persian امیرکبیر, DMG Amīr-e Kabīr , 'the Great Prince'), honorary name of Mirza Taqi Khan (میرزا محمد تقی‌خان فراهانی, DMG Mīrzā Moḥammad Taqī Ḫān-e Farāhānī ; * January 9, 1807 in Arak , Iran ; † January 10, 1852 in Kashan ), was prime minister during the reign of the Qajar ruler Naser ad-Din and a reformer of Iran. He contributed to the modernization of the country in the first half of the 19th century.

Life

Amir Kabir was born near Arak in 1807 as the son of the cook of the then Prime Minister Qa'em Maqam . He began his career as a clerk in the administration, in whose hierarchy he rose quickly. In 1829 he accompanied a diplomatic mission to St. Petersburg as a junior member , where he recognized that his country was in need of reform. On another mission to the Ottoman Empire , he pursued the modernization efforts of the neighboring country. After his return, Mohammed Shah appointed him to the court of the then Crown Prince Naser ad-Din in Azerbaijan in 1847 . When Mohammad Shah died in 1848, Amir Kabir was appointed Prime Minister of the new ruler Naser ad-Din Shah.

Amir Kabir took over his office when Iran was economically, politically and socially weakened. It initiated a series of lengthy changes in social life. This included the establishment of new ministries , the reorganization of the financial system , the tax system and the health system . Under Amir Kabir, the country's first newspaper, Vaqāye'-e Etefāqiyye (وقایع اتفاقیه), as well as the country's first modern university in Tehran , the Dāro'l-Fonūn (Arabic: "site of techniques / arts"), was founded. He also tried to promote study in Europe.

However, these numerous reforms, which primarily promoted the poorer classes, met with resistance from the privileged. A plot was forged against him around his mother-in-law, the mother of Naser ad-Din Shah. The Shah was persuaded that Amir Kabir wanted to dispute the throne from him, so that he was removed from office in 1851 and exiled to the Fīn Garden in Kashan , where he was murdered a year later.

Film adaptations

Amir Kabir's life was portrayed by Dariusch Ardschmand in the film Nasereddin Shah, Actor-e Cinema . His life was also traced by Saeed Nikpour in the television series Amir Kabir .

Literature (selection)

  • Fereydun Adamiyat: Amir Kabir and Iran . Kharazmi Publishing, Tehran 1975/1354.
  • Abbas Amanat: The Downfall of Mizra Taqi Khan Amir Kabir and the Problem of Ministerial Authority in Qajar Iran . In: International Journal of Middle East Studies 23/4 1991, pp. 577-599 ISSN  0020-7438 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AMĪR KABĪR, MĪRZĀ TAQĪ KHAN, Encyclopaedia Iranica
personal data
SURNAME Kabir, Amir
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mirza Taqi Farahani, Mirza Taqi Khan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Persian politician during the Qajar era, reformer
DATE OF BIRTH January 9, 1807
PLACE OF BIRTH Arak , Iran
DATE OF DEATH January 10, 1852
Place of death Kashan (city)