Antal Apró

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Antal Apró (born February 8, 1913, presumably in Szeged , † December 9, 1994 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian communist politician .

Life before 1945

Few facts are known from Antal Apró's childhood and youth. He was born the illegitimate son of the maid Piroska Apró in Csongrád County. As was customary at the time, illegitimate children were given the mother's name. Since his mother was unable to look after him, she sent him to a foundling house .

After school he worked as a painter, first in Makó and later in Budapest . From 1930 he was a member of the National Association of Hungarian Workers in the Construction Industry ( Magyar Építőipari Munkások Országos Szövetségének , MÉMOSZ). A year later he joined the Communist Party ( Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja ). He was involved as an organizer in the construction workers' strike in 1935. In 1938 he was elected to the leadership of MÉMOSZ. He has been arrested and interned several times. In September 1944 he became a member of the Central Committee of the Peace Party ( Békepárt Központi Bizottság ), where he was entrusted with the procurement of weapons necessary for the resistance.

In 1944 he worked in Aurél Lovassy Stürmer's peach plantation near Érd . In return, he had the option of living rent-free. A conflict arose because Apró was not allowed to sell the harvest himself in the market. He reported Lovassy, ​​who was fined 4080 forints .

Career at the time of the coalition government

Antal Apró had been a member of the Hungarian Parliament since 1945 . His role during the coalition government, which lasted until the Stalinist communists came to power under Rákosi's leadership in 1949, related primarily to trade union politics . So Apró was from January 22, 1945 at the "Trade Union Department of Central Management" ( Központi Vezetősége Szakszervezeti Osztálya ) in the Hungarian Communist Party ( Magyar Kommunista Párt, MKP ). From February he also headed their “Department for Mass Organizations and Mass Work ” ( Tömegszervezetek és Tömegmunka Osztály ). He was also at the head of the "Trade Union Committee" ( Szakszervezeti Bizottság ) founded on April 13 of the MKP leadership.

From May 1946 he was also a member of the party presidium ( Politikai Bizottság, PB ), initially in a substitute function, later in full membership. From October of the same year he took part in the work of the "Organizing Committee" ( Szervezőbizottság ). In 1948 he was also a member of the "Joint Trade Union Committee" ( Közös Szervezőbizottság ) of the Social Democratic Party ( Szociáldemokrata Párt, SZDP ). The SZDP was infiltrated by the Stalinists in the course of Sovietization and merged with the Communist Party in the Party of Hungarian Working People (MDP) .

Activities during the Rákosi era

As General Secretary of the Communist Party and Prime Minister, Mátyás Rákosi shaped the country's Soviet course. Apró held important offices in his government and played a decisive role in shaping politics in those years.

From 1948 to 1951 Apró left the top party leadership. However, he became General Secretary of the Council of Trade Unions ( Szakszervezeti Tanács ). From August 1949 he criticized Mátyás Rákosi and Ernő Gerő as syndicalist . Until the end of January of this year and between July and November 1953 he was a member of the Executive Council ( Elnöki Tanács ), which replaced the office of President of the Republic as a collective government. At the beginning of 1952 he became minister for building materials and in July 1953 also the first deputy minister for building. In November he returned to the Presidium of the MDP, where he also held the office of Deputy Chairman.

His activities included carrying out the resolution of the Committee for the Rehabilitation of Unlawfully Sentenced Former Party Members and after March 1955 he was also a member of the Committee for the Rehabilitation of Show Trial Victims. On June 16, 1956 he was elected chairman of the National Council of the "Patriotic Popular Front" ( Hazafias Népfront, HNF ). He carried out this function until 1957. On October 6, 1956, he gave a speech at the funeral of the executed supporters of László Rajk .

Until 1971 he remained the permanent representative of Hungary in Comecon .

Apró's role in the Hungarian uprising

On the first night of the Hungarian uprising from October 23rd to 24th, 1956, Antal Apró was elected to the "Military Commission" ( Katonai Bizottság ) of the MDP. The next day, in an internal directive, he described the participants in the uprising as “fascist pack” ( fasiszta csőcseléknek ) and ordered the armed forces to shoot at civilians as well. Since October 27th, he has been Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers in the new government of Imre Nagy and has been the Minister for Construction. A day later he also became part of the new board.

Career in the Kádár era

János Kádár , who was already Minister of the Interior in the Rákosi government, played a key role in suppressing the Hungarian uprising. In the following years he was Prime Minister of Hungary until 1958 and remained head of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, MSZMP , the successor party of the MDP until 1988 . Antal Apró also returned to the management team.

On November 2, 1956, two days before the end of the uprising, he fled to the Soviet command of the city of Tököl in Pest County . Then he was taken to Szolnok . From November 4th he was responsible for the industrial sector in the Kádár government. Three days later he became a member of the "Provisional Administrative Commission" ( Ideiglenes Intézőbizottság, IIB ) of the MSZMP. From December he headed the Economic Commission and in 1957 he became Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers.

Apró personally supervised the show trial against Imre Nagy and his colleagues. On June 17, 1958, he announced the expulsion of Nagy and three of his supporters from parliament with the words: nép jogos elégtételének… az ellenforradalom méltó megbosszulásának (free translation: for the justified satisfaction of the people… for the worthy vengeance of the counter-revolution ).

In his function he was also involved in the decision of the Central Committee of the MSZMP, on the basis of which a large number of the residents of the villa of the upper-class family of doctors Lovassy-Stürmer in Budapest's Szemlőhegy Street had to vacate the house.

From the end of January 1958 to September Apró was Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In 1961 he also received a post in the "Committee for International Relations" ( Nemzetközi Kapcsolatok Bizottság ).

Grave of Aprós and his wife in Budapest in the Farkasréti cemetery (12 / 2-1-40)

Antal Apró signed on behalf of Hungary the contract "Barátság I" ( Friendship I ) to build a crude oil - pipeline as well as documents for a nuclear power program. When the election of the chairman of the parliament fell on May 12, 1971 on Apró, he was removed from his previous offices. He held this position until December 1984.

In 1980 he resigned from the Presidium. At the party congress in May 1988 he left the Central Committee and on May 8, 1989, he finally resigned from his parliamentary mandate and withdrew from politics.

Family relationships

Daughter Piroska, born in April 1947, is an economist, as is his granddaughter Klára Dobrev (* 1972 in Sofia ). Klára Dobrev is married to Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány, who was in office from 2004 to 2009 .

Others

As the incumbent parliamentary president and thus the 'head of the house' of the Hungarian parliament, Apró officially accepted the St. Stephen's Crown from the hand of US Foreign Minister Cyrus Vance in its domed hall on January 6, 1978 , after it was initially taken to Austria with all the other coronation insignia in the final phase of the Second World War and West Germany, then taken to the United States in 1953 and kept there at Fort Knox .

Trivia

Since his family name Apró means 'tiny' or 'tiny' in Hungarian, after 1956 an enumeration spread together with other high-ranking communist politicians (Kádár, Apró, Kiss and Dögei ), especially this order “Kádár-Apró-Kis (s) -Dögei ”was also“ Kádár's tiny little bitches ”(because kis means“ small ”, and dögei means“ his carrion pieces ”or“ his bitches ”in the genitive plural); With this play on words , the role of these functionaries from Kádár's entourage - including Aprós - was to be pointed out as those primarily responsible for the retaliatory policy of the "Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government" ( Forradalmi Munkás-Paraszt Kormány ) after the suppression of the uprising.

See also

History of Hungary

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Index, October 27, 2006: Elsőnek Apró Antal fasiszta csőcselékezett
  2. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msGpsoqt7aw
  3. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original dated February 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Diktatúra, tejszínhabbal  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kortarsonline.hu
  4. ↑ https://books.google.de/books?id=NBCZCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT351&lpg=PT351&dq=k%C3%A1d%C3%A1r+apr%C3%B3+kis+d%C3%B6gei&source=bl&ots=djgPITk_vbiy&sigots = de & sa = X & ved = 2ahUKEwj95tCGl9zoAhUHzaYKHebNDHIQ6AEwBHoECAsQLw # v = onepage & q = k% C3% A1d% C3% A1r% 20apr% C3% B3% 20kis% 20d% C3% B6gei & f = false
personal data
SURNAME Apró, Antal
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Klein, Antal
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian politician
DATE OF BIRTH February 8, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Szeged
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1994
Place of death Budapest