Anti-passive
The antipassive is a form of diathesis , so it belongs to the verb morphology . An antipassive form occurs when the primary object of a transitive act is not expressed or only occurs in the form of an (omitted) adverbial definition. Sometimes the actually primary object in such constructions can also be expressed as a secondary object and then has a different case . The primary object is either the direct or the indirect object, depending on the language. In most languages, only one of the two objects can be erased by an antipassive.
Occurrence
Many ergative languages form an antipassive (instead of a passive). Above all, this includes the Australian languages , numerous languages in America and some languages on the other continents.
example
The following is an example from Anyua (Sudan / Ethiopia) (from the grammar of M. Reh (1996)):
- Transitive form
| rìŋɔ́ | ā-cám | ɲɪ̀làal-lɪ̀ |
| Flesh. Topic | Past tense -essen | Child-that |
| "The child ate the meat." | ||
- Antipassive form
| ɲɪ̀làál | ā-cʌ́mó | (kɪ̄ | ríŋō) |
| Child.Topik | Past tense-eat. Anti-passive | ( Oblique case | Flesh) |
| "The child ate (the meat / of the meat)." | |||
literature
- Hadumod Bußmann (Ed.) With the collaboration of Hartmut Lauffer: Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft. 4th, revised and bibliographically supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-520-45204-7 .
- Mechthild Reh: Anywa Language . Description and Internal Reconstructions. Köppe-Verlag, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-927620-73-4 .