Anton Pachinger

Anton Maximilian Pachinger (born November 22, 1864 in Linz , † November 30, 1938 in Vienna ) was an Austrian scientist and folklorist , with whose collection the Linz City Museum Nordico was founded.

Life

Pachinger was the son of the rich Linz iron and arms dealer Anton Pachinger (1829–1900) and his wife Theresia, nee. Mayr. After changing schools in Linz in 1886, he passed the school leaving examination and then studied law until 1890, medicine from 1890 to 1892 and then art history and archeology in Vienna until 1897, not completing any of the courses.

In 1889, the then 25-year-old Pachinger caused a sensation when he claimed to have found a female skeleton in a grave from the 16th century that he dug in Linz, the pelvic bones of which were encased in a chastity belt made of leather and iron. The authenticity of this find can no longer be investigated because the find has disappeared.

In later years he became interested in moral history, coinage and archeology. Anton Pachinger first traveled as an antiques dealer between Linz, Vienna , Munich and Salzburg before he finally settled in Munich from 1915, where he lived in the hotel "Fränkischer Hof" and worked as a sworn court expert for old arts and crafts.

As a scientist, Pachinger wrote a number of art history and folklore writings. After the First World War , the currency devalued and as a result he lost most of his fortune. He still had two houses in Linz and his collections, which the city of Linz bought from him in 1928 in return for an annuity and a lifelong right of residence. The Pachingers collection later founded the Nordico City Museum in Linz . As early as 1917 he donated his important collection of pilgrimage medals and consecration coins from Austria and southern Germany to the Vienna Münzkabinett . In recognition of this generous donation, he was awarded the Order of the Iron Crown III. Class awarded. The title of court counselor had previously been bestowed on him by the Grand Duke of Hessen-Darmstadt . In 1924 he was appointed "Honorary Conservator" of the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg .

In 1926 Pachinger founded "Die Mappe" in Munich, a sociable association of friends of the graphic arts that still exists today. He was friends with numerous artists and writers, including Alfred Kubin , Franz von Bayros , Roda-Roda , Gustav Gugitz and, above all, Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando , for whom he served as a model for several eccentric characters in his works (Rat Großkopf in Der Gaulschreck in Rosennetz , Blasius Großwachter in Rout am Fliegende Holländer and Xaver Naskrückl, the Munich collector of “false laundry” and apostle beards in The Mask Play of Genii ). One of the anecdotes handed down by Herzmanovsky-Orlando describes Pachinger as "a very strange eccentric who would have done an ETA Hoffmann all credit":

“He also collected real filth, downright absurd things. So I met him once on a rainy storm night in Munich, where Boreas snatched a parcel from him that contained a stuffed pug.
"Leave the crap," I advised him.
“What? Leave dees gem lying around? ean Pug from Fanny Elßler godly! This is a first-class monument from the Fatherland for every Austrian ... would like to know how he got to Munich ... for years I have been chasing after the pug ... has heard from old mother ... did not want to come here ... do not want to come here ... but before Aner hour is gstorm, ... 's old women ... and the wailing bereaved relatives got it cheaply ... to pug. Yo. I also have the official certification. Jo. ""

- From: Herzmanovsky-Orland Beethoven's last maid. A historical reminiscence.

Other anecdotal stories from Herzmanovsky-Orlandos in which Pachinger appears as "Uncle Toni" are "Uncle Toni's failed Christmas Eve", "Uncle Toni and Nietzsche" and "Uncle Toni and the enema syringe". Pachinger appears less nicely drawn in Franz Kafka's diaries , where he is portrayed as obsessive both with regard to his passion for collecting and his tendency towards obese women.

Because of the political situation in Germany, Pachinger first moved to Graz and finally to Vienna, where he died in the Sophienspital there on November 30, 1938. Pachinger's grave is located in the St. Barbara cemetery in Linz (1st section, crypt No. 80), where his urn was buried on January 28, 1939. His housekeeper and partner Maria Bajerlacher (or Baierlacher, 1872–1944) is also buried there. According to the annuity contract from 1928, she lived in the house at Bethlehemstrasse 31, which Pachinger had transferred to the city of Linz until her death.

After Pachinger's death, his collections were divided between the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg, the Swiss Museum of Folklore in Basel and the Upper Austrian National Museum in Linz. His library became the property of the Linz City Archives .

Honor

Linz's Pachingerstraße was named after him in 1977. It is located in Kleinmünchen and branches off from Franz-Kurz-Straße to Dürerstraße.

Works

• Garter verses. Cultural history chat. Linz no year
• Pilgrimage and consecration coins of the Archduchy of Austria above the Enns. Museum association 'Laureacum', Enns 1904
• Medals from Peter and Paul Seel and these related masters. A supplement to Gustav Zeller's monograph of the same name. Unedited medals on Bavarian pilgrimage sites, churches and monasteries from the Pachinger - Linz collection. Bavarian Numismatic Society, Munich 1904
• Motherhood in painting and graphics. Munich 1906
• Pilgrimage, brotherhood and consecration medals from the princes of Tyrol and Vorarlberg . Ludwig, Vienna 1908
• Pilgrimage, brotherhood and grace medals of the Duchy of Salzburg. Ludwig, Vienna 1908
• Faith and superstition in the stone kingdom. Weiffenbach, Munich 1912
• Astrological and medical medals. Thieme, Dresden 1915, 16 pp.
• The midwife. A study of cultural history. 1924
• Elizabeth Villiers: Amulets and talismans and other secret things: a folk compilation of lucky charms, sagas, legends and superstitions from old and new times. Edited and expanded by Anton Maximilian Pachinger. Three masks, Berlin a. a. 1927

literature

• Helga Födisch: Everyday, rare, curious: selection from the Pachinger collection of the Nordico City Museum, Linz. Announcements from the Stadtmuseum Wels 9. Stadt Wels, Wels 1985.
• Peter Hauser: The medals and plaques on important Upper Austrian numismatists. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 121 / I, Linz 1976, pp. 46–49 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ; several images of medals honoring Pachinger).
• Gabriele Hofer: Focused. Early photographs from the Nordico Museum in Linz. The Pachinger Collection. On the occasion of the exhibition of the same name in the Nordico Museum of the City of Linz from May 8 to July 8, 2007. Linz City Museum, Linz 2007.
• Max Kandelhart: Catalog of the archaeological individual items from the Pachinger collection. City Museum Linz, Linz 1976.
• Barbara Leven: True collectors. The practice of a passion from the end of the 19th century to National Socialism , Baden-Baden: Tectum 2020 (Scientific contributions to art history; 14), ISBN 978-3-8288-4355-4 .
• Franz C. Lipp :  Pachinger Anton Maximilian. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 282.
• Franz C. Lipp: The collector and cultural historian Anton Maximilian Pachinger. In: Linz Aspects. Linz 1970, pp. 64-73.
• Franz C. Lipp: Anton Maximilian Pachinger, 1864-1938, the founder of the sociable association “Die Mappe”. In: Collecting and Preserving. Contributions to art, literature and cultural history. 1973, p. 13ff.
• Rupert Rieber: The portfolio, an informal sociable association and its founder, Hofrat Anton M. Pachinger. Self-published, Munich 1956.
• Wolfgang Till: Two gallant collectors from Vienna: Anton Pachinger and Peter Altenberg. In: Michael Köhler , Gisela Barche (ed.): The nude photo. Views of the body in the photographic age - aesthetics, history, ideology. Bucher, Munich 1985, pp. 285-288.

Web links

• Literature by and about Anton Pachinger in the catalog of the German National Library
• Pachinger estate directory of the ÖNB
• Pachinger estate directory in the Federal Archives
• Anton Pachinger, art historian. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at (with a picture of Pachinger's grave).
• The estate in the Bavarian State Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Birth and baptismal register of the city parish Linz, Tom. 23, fol. 166
2. ↑ “Was there such a thing as iron chastity?” Article by Uli Kulike in Die Welt online from November 13, 2011
3. ↑ According to Herzmanovsky-Orlando, these are items of clothing specially made for the use of people with deformities, for example three-legged underpants.
4. ↑ Herzmanovsky-Orland: Complete Works, Vol. IV. Residenz, Salzburg 1991, p. 42.
5. ↑ Herzmanovsky-Orland: Complete Works, Vol. IV. Residence, Salzburg 1991, pp. 45–49.
6. ↑ Herzmanovsky-Orland: Complete Works, Vol. IV. Residence, Salzburg 1991, pp. 50–54.
7. ↑ Herzmanovsky-Orland: Complete Works, Vol. IV. Residence, Salzburg 1991, pp. 55–59.
8. ^ Franz Kafka: Diaries. Edited by Hans-Gerd Koch, Michael Müller and Malcolm Pasley. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1990, pp. 271-276, 535f online
9. ^ Book of the dead of the parish Schottenfeld, Vienna VII., Tom. 1938, fol. 58
10. ^ Anton Pachinger, art historian. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at.
11. ↑ Michael Köhler, Gisela Barche (ed.): The nude photo. Views of the body in the photographic age. Aesthetics, history, ideology. Munich City Museum. Bucher, Munich 1985, pp. 285f.