Ariane 1

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Model of an Ariane 1 in the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace

The Ariane 1 is the first model in the Ariane rocket series. It emerged from the Europa 3 of the failed Europe project. The development costs for the Ariane 1 amounted to 1.7 billion  DM (approx. 860 million €).

technology

With a takeoff weight of up to 210 t, the Ariane 1 had a height of 47.4 m and a diameter of 3.8 m. According to the planning, it should have a payload capacity of max. Reach 1.7 t in the GTO . However, it turned out that the specific impulse of the HM-7 engine of the third stage was higher than calculated, whereby the actual payload capacity was max. 1.85 t in the GTO. The Ariane 1 could transport one large or two smaller satellites.

The Ariane 1 has three stages:

The two subsequent models Ariane 3 and Ariane 2 were only slightly modified variants of Ariane 1. And Ariane 4 was largely based on Ariane 1. Only the Ariane 5 is newly developed.

The overall small number of launches and the few launches since 1985 are due to the appearance of the much more powerful Ariane 3 in 1984 and the somewhat more powerful Ariane 2 in 1986.

Start list

This is a full list of all launches. All took place from the launch site ELA-1 of the European spaceport Kourou in French Guiana . The launch pad of the Europa-2 rocket was converted for Ariane 1. It was also used for the launch of Ariane 2 and 3.

Start time ( UTC ) Flight number. payload Orbit 1 Remarks
Dec. 24, 1979 5:14 pm L1 CAT (technology capsule) GTO (geotransfer orbit) Success Note: third stage switches off too early. Orbit still higher than planned because the 3rd stage was more powerful than calculated.
May 23, 1980 2:29 PM L2 FIREWHEEL , CAT, AMSAT P3A
(research satellite, technology capsule , amateur radio satellite) 		Crashed off the coast (planned: GTO) Failure Combustion instabilities in one of the 4 engines of the first stage lead to an explosion shortly after take-off.
June 19, 1981 12:32 PM L3 Meteosat 2 , CAT Apple
(weather satellite, technology capsule, experimental communications satellite) 		GTO success
Dec 20, 1981 1:29 AM L4 CAT, MARECS A
(technology capsule , communications satellite for ships) 		GTO success
Sep 9 1982 02:12 L5 MARECS B , Sirio
(communications satellite for ships, experimental communications satellite) 		crash Bust failure of the third stage
June 16, 1983 11:59 am L6 ECS 1 , Amsat P3B
(communications satellite, amateur radio satellite) 		GTO success
Oct. 19, 1983 00:45 L7 Intelsat V-F7
(communications satellite), 1860 kg 		GTO success
March 5, 1984 12:50 AM L8 Intelsat V-F8
(communications satellite), 1860 kg 		GTO success
May 23, 1984 1:33 V9 SPACENET 1
(communications satellite) 		GTO success
July 2, 1985 11:23 am V14 Giotto
(comet probe to Halley's comet ), 960 kg 		GTO (from there by own drive on earth escape route) Success ; minimum possible payload weight in the GTO
Feb 22, 1986 1:44 AM V16 Spot 1 , Viking 1
(Earth observation satellite, research satellite) 		SSO success
1 NOT necessarily the target orbit of the payload, but the orbit on which the payload was released from the third stage.

² The payloads are shown as they were placed one above the other or (in rare cases) next to each other in the payload fairing. The top payload first, then the second from the top, etc.

literature

Web links

Commons : Ariane  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The upper levels H-8, H-10 and ESC-A .
  2. ^ Launch log 1979–1989. Arianespace, accessed June 24, 2009 .
  3. ^ Ariane in the Encyclopedia Astronautica , accessed on June 24, 2009 (English).
  4. ↑ Nigel Calder : Beyond Halley. The exploration of tail stars by the space probes Giotto and Rosetta (original title: Giotto to the Comets ). Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1994, ISBN 3-540-57585-5