Arleigh Burke class

USS Mustin (DDG-89) of the second batch of the class
Overview
Type	Guided missile destroyer
units	80 approved, 65 in service
Namesake	Admiral Arleigh Burke
period of service	since 1991
Technical specifications
displacement	8300-9217  tons
length	154-156 meters
width	20 metres
Draft	9.5 meters
crew	23–32 officers, 300+ sailors
drive	2 propellers, driven by 4 gas turbines; 100,000  wave horsepower
speed	31 knots
Range	4400  nautical miles at 20 knots
Armament	90–96 VLS cells 2 triple torpedo launchers 1 127 mm gun

The Arleigh Burke class is a class of guided missile destroyers of the US Navy . With currently 65 ships, it is - in terms of number of units - one of the most numerically built ship classes in the US Navy since World War II and the most built since the end of the Cold War.

The first ship of this class entered service in 1991, production originally ended in 2012 with the 62nd unit USS Michael Murphy (DDG-112) . In 2009 it was decided to reduce the number of planned units of the Zumwalt class and instead to build more ships of the Arleigh Burke class. 12 further units are currently under construction or in budget planning, further plans assume the construction of 20 to 40 additional units by the 2030s.

The ships are the first US marine units to be developed based on the principles of stealth technology . In the carrier combat groups they are primarily responsible for air defense , but can also be used for attacks on land targets.

The best known destroyer of the Arleigh Burke class is the USS Cole , which was badly damaged in a terrorist attack on the ship in the Middle East in 2000.

history

Planning and construction

The Farragut during construction

Planning for the destroyers of the Arleigh Burke class began in the early 1980s as a replacement for the guided missile destroyers of the Charles F. Adams class and the Farragut class . The planning yard for the class was Bath Iron Works , a yard from the General Dynamics group. Two shipyards, Bath Iron Works in Bath , Maine and Ingalls Shipbuilding (part of Northrop Grumman Group ) in Pascagoula , Mississippi, are manufacturing the ships. For the construction they use the so-called modular construction. Individual sections are equipped as much as possible, brought to a dry dock and welded to the hull there. The superstructures are placed on the finished hull. This construction makes the work easier, as a lot of things can not be done in a narrow, complete fuselage, but in more easily accessible modules. For a class destroyer, there are around 16 months between keel-laying and launch , after which each ship spends another 12 to 18 months at the equipment pier and on the first test drives.

The cost of building a destroyer with permits from the 2005 budget year was over $ 1.1628 billion. According to current estimates, the costs for the entire program (62 ships) are almost 59.5 billion dollars, the average costs per ship thus almost 0.960 billion dollars. Three destroyers were budgeted for the 2005 financial year; the cost of just under $ 3.5 billion made up more than 30% of the total Navy budget for the construction of the new ship of just under $ 10.6 billion. Almost a third of the total cost of a destroyer goes to the shipyard, the rest is used for the manufacture and installation of the systems used on the ship. The maintenance of a ship costs (as of 1996) about 20 million dollars annually.

designation

The ships are all named after people. The class traditionally bears the name of the first ship named after Admiral Arleigh Burke , a destroyer commander from World War II . The other units were named either after lower-ranking American sailors who died in wars since World War II, or after high officers from the early Navy or high federal officials. The identifiers consist of the symbol DDG for destroyer guided missile , so guided missile destroyer , the hull numbers start at 51 for the first ship and run continuously to 112 for the last unit.

A special feature is the USS Winston S. Churchill , which was named after the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and (as of 2006) is the only active American warship that is named after a foreign citizen. USS Hopper is only the second warship in Navy history to be named after a female Navy soldier, Admiral Grace Hopper .

Modifications

The Japanese Kongō

The design of the class has changed over time so that there are three variants called flights . The Flight I comprises 21 vessels and represents the basic version. Flight II received with seven ships only improved electronics. Extensive changes have been made to Flight IIA (34 ships according to planning). A hangar was added here for the permanent stationing of two SH-60 Sea Hawk helicopters, which makes the ships about two meters longer and almost 1000  ts heavier. Small modifications were also made within the flights . For example, the outlet openings of the chimneys from the Mustin onwards are covered, and the AN / WLD-1 remote minehunting system was installed in some units, starting with the Pinckney . All Flight IIA ships also receive the CEC combat system as standard .

In the National Defense Authorization Act of 2007 included the recommendation for a 200-million-dollar item that especially for a mid-life modernization : the ships of the (about modernization after half the planned service life of 35 years) Flight I used should. In addition , the main aim is to lower operating costs by reducing the number of crew members, which is to be achieved by implementing technologies from the Smart Ship Project . The use of stabilizers and a bulbous bow should significantly reduce fuel consumption. In addition, the ships should become more combat-friendly through the modernization. It is planned for the future to be able to use the destroyer as part of the National Missile Defense . It is also planned to equip ships of Flight IIA with new ammunition for the gun. These missile-assisted projectiles can reach targets up to 40 miles inland. This is intended to close the artillery capability gap created by the retirement of the Iowa-class battleships in 2006, as the United States Congress has identified this capability to support landing operations .

The design of the destroyer was exported, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces operate four modified Arleigh Burke s ( Flight I ) as Kongō- class (modified electronics and weapon systems with a stronger defensive orientation ). Japan has also decided to procure three more units in accordance with Flight IIA as the Atago class by 2010. The Royal Australian Navy decided in 2007 in the Hobart class against the Burke design, which was also shortlisted, and chose that of the Spanish Álvaro de Bazán class .

Present and Future

→ Main article : List of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers

Currently (as of April 2019) 65 Arleigh Burke class units are in service with the US Navy; the model ship from 1991 is the oldest. Twelve ships are under construction or have been commissioned, nine of which are Flight IIA and three of the Flight III type . The lifetime of the ships was originally designed for 35 years each. However, in order to be able to maintain a fleet size of over 300 units, the service life is extended to up to 40 years. For this purpose, the units will be modernized from 2010 onwards. The decommissioning of the ships is expected to begin in 2031.

When the first Arleigh Burke- class units went into service, there were still several different destroyer classes in the US Navy, each with different main areas of responsibility. The Charles F. Adams and Farragut classes were multifunctional designs with a focus on air defense and went completely out of service with the appearance of the first Burkes . In addition, around 2000 the four units of the Kidd class were retired. The Burkes have been the only destroyers in the US Navy fleet since 2005, when the last Spruance- class anti -submarine destroyer was withdrawn from active service . The fact that this was done well before the planned date may be an indication of the success of the Burke draft.

The Zumwalt class , originally planned as the successor, will serve more as a technology demonstrator due to severe budget cuts and will only comprise three of the 32 originally planned ships. So in March 2008, Rep . Gene Taylor , Chairman of the Naval Forces Subcommittee on the United States House Committee on Armed Services , brought up a nuclear-powered version of the Burkes . Instead, however, the Navy decided to continue the class only slightly modified. The first of the new destroyers was approved in June 2011, followed by two more in September, which are still being built to Flight IIA standards . Since most of the Zumwalt- class will be built by Bath, Ingalls will manufacture most of the additional Burkes . A Flight III of the Arleigh Burke class, which is to receive a slimmed-down version of the Air and Missile Defense Radar ( AMDR ) intended for the CG (X), will not arrive until after 2016 . This dual-band radar should have larger (14 instead of 12 ft diameter) antenna surfaces and active electronic beam swiveling, which should achieve significantly better performance in airspace surveillance than with the passive phase-controlled SPY-1D radar. This should enable an adequate replacement of the Ticonderoga class .

In November 2011, the participating shipbuilders Bath Iron Works and Huntington Ingalls Industries presented the first cost estimates for the Flight III . After that, each ship would cost $ 2.7 billion at BIW and $ 3.7 billion at HII. To justify it, the shipyards refer to the risks of the fixed-price contract model and the need to completely redesign the ships' entire electrical system for the new radar, which requires around 10 megawatts of electricity.

successor

In April 2014, the US Navy began to study a successor with the name "Future Surface Combatant". The ships are expected to be built from 2030, and the design is currently completely open. The hull shape and technology have not yet been determined, but techniques from the Zumwalt class, the Littoral Combat Ship and the Gerald R. Ford aircraft carriers are to be used in a more developed form. The ships are to be used together with the 22 destroyers of Flight III .

technology

hull

The Let the Flight IIA at a turning point

Dimensions and materials used

The ships of Flight I are almost 153 meters long, the modified units of Flight IIA measure almost 155 meters. The width is around 20 meters. In contrast to the older destroyers, the hull is rather short and wide (length: width ratio 7.9: 1). As a result, the Navy hoped for better sea and maneuverability. The mast reaches a height of over 50 meters. The displacement with full payload is around 8300 ts in the early ships, the hangar on Flight IIA increased it by almost 1000 ts.

Basically only steel was used as material, the use of aluminum alloys was largely dispensed with. This makes the ships heavier and also heavier, but avoids the risk of uncontrollable continued burning of magnesium in the event of a fire , as after a collision at the Belknap in 1975. To protect against the effects of weapons, the most important rooms (battle center, bridge and the like) are in the hull ) approx. 130 tons of aramid were used.

Decks

John S. McCain Bridge

The outer deck is called Level 1 . Below, in the hull, are three more decks, from top to bottom levels 2 to 4 . These are primarily used to accommodate the bedrooms and common rooms for the crew as well as the machines and other technical equipment. Above the main deck, in the superstructure, there are five decks, designated (from bottom to top) as levels 01 to 05 . The command and control rooms are located in these, and the bridge on level 05 is around 17 meters above the surface of the water.

Aircraft

The ships of Flights I and II have installed the electronics on their landing deck that are required to be able to pick up helicopters according to the LAMPS  III standard  - this corresponds to the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopters  - and to supply them with fuel and weapons no hangar for permanent accommodation. This was considered the class’s biggest weakness and was changed with Flight IIA . The aft deck of these ships was raised and a hangar was set up there for two LAMPS III helicopters , so that two Seahawk can be embarked and transported protected from the weather. On the top of the mast there is a TACAN radio beacon for the helicopter approach .

For the supply by hovering helicopters (called VERTREP for vertical replenishment ), in addition to the landing area on the aft deck, an area is reserved exclusively on the foredeck.

Camouflage measures

Many of the detailed measures can be seen on the foredeck of Donald Cook

All external surfaces and deck superstructures of the ships were planned and built according to the principles of stealth technology . This made the destroyers the first units intended for use to feature such features. The Navy was able to draw on experience that it had gained with the stealth ship Sea Shadow (IX-529) constructed for research purposes .

In order to keep the radar cross-section as small as possible , areas that are perpendicular to the water surface were avoided. Such radar stations on the coast or on ships would offer the largest possible reflective surface through the so-called broadside flash (German: broadside echo ). Therefore, the hull of the destroyer is inclined outwards up to the bulwark , so that incident radar beams are deflected onto the water, the deckhouses are inclined inwards, so that radar beams are directed towards the sky. In addition, all objects on the deck had to be optimized for the smallest possible radar reflective surface. Square shapes such as the railing are rotated 45 ° so that no flat surface is turned towards radar sources. Round objects (such as the chimney openings or bollards) were also changed in appearance, here the design was based on the shape of an hourglass. For the same reason, the mast was not erected vertically, but tilted slightly aft.

How much more difficult an Arleigh Burke-class ship is to detect by radar compared to conventional ships, was not disclosed.

In order to be better camouflaged from passive sonar , the destroyers are equipped with the prairie masker system, which creates air bubbles on special belts on the hull and on the propellers, which reflect the engine noise inwards, making less noise, especially from propulsion systems and Cavitation , can penetrate to the outside.

Problems

In October 2007, a report from Jane's Information Group was confirmed after the destroyers had problems with the strength of the bow. Particularly with high payloads, support struts in the bow bend in coarser seas. The Navy launched a repair program that will cost $ 62 million. Curved support struts in narrow spaces above the sonar dome are removed and replaced by stronger ones, new ships receive these already during construction.

drive

Starboard propeller of the Winston S. Churchill with the prairie system

The ships are propelled by four LM-2500-30 gas turbines from General Electric , which transmit a total of 100,000 hp to the two shafts of a ship. Two turbines are responsible for each shaft, there are two machine rooms. The propellers are made of bronze and have five blades, their diameter is 17 feet, approximately 5.20 meters. They move in opposite directions, the port propeller runs counter-clockwise (viewed from the rear), the one on starboard clockwise. Behind each screw there is a hydraulically controlled rudder.

The gas turbines allow the ships to accelerate to their top speeds of over 30 knots (56 km / h) in a short time; the range without the supply by supply ships at an average speed of 20 knots (37 km / h) is approx. 4400 nautical miles (approx. 8150 km). Increased maneuverability is through the use of variable-pitch (called Controllable pitch propeller Reversible ), in which the individual sheets can be rotated around its longitudinal axis, is achieved. Since the gas turbines cannot drive the shafts in opposite directions, the blades can also be rotated so far that they generate reverse thrust.

The electrical energy for the ship's systems is provided by three gas turbine generators of the type 501-K34 from Allison Engine Company , each with an output of 2.5 megawatts. Newer units have three generators from Rolls-Royce , each delivering 3 megawatts of power. These are also powered by gas turbines.

In the future, the destroyers are to receive a hybrid drive whose electrical component is more economical for speeds of up to 14 kn than the gas turbines that are only efficient in the upper power range. In July 2009 General Atomics received the development contract. The prototype was to be tested on board the Truxtun in 2012. A fuel saving of 10–16% was expected, which means that the retrofit will pay for itself after five years. The conversion of four destroyers per year began in 2016.

Armament

Shot from the Benfold's gun

The main armament of the ships consists of guided missiles that are launched from vertical take- off systems of the Mk 41 type . On the ships of Flight I and II there are 90 cells in two separate firing groups, on those of Flight IIA six cells have been added by omitting the two loading cranes. Essentially, one missile can be loaded per cell. The system is divided into two cell blocks, one of which is on the foredeck and the other on the aft deck.

Farragut rear VLS

The vertical launching system (VLS ) is able to fire various weapons. Against both air and sea targets, the Standard Missile-2 - air missile used, which comprises the largest part of the armament usually. For attacks on land targets, each unit carries a number of BGM-109 Tomahawk - cruise missiles , are against submarines RUM-139 -Raketentorpedos carried. Ships of the Flight I also have two quadruple starter Mk. 141 for the anti-ship missiles AGM-84 Harpoon . For cost reasons, these are no longer installed on later units, as the future Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM) will be fired from the vertical launch system. Flight IIA units are also able to fire the more modern anti-aircraft missile RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile ( ESSM ). These are loaded into the VLS in so-called quad packs , so that four missiles fit into one cell.

As a sea-based contribution to the US national missile defense program, it is planned to equip some ships with SM-3 missiles.

In addition to the superstructures, each unit has two triple torpedo tubes , these fire torpedoes type Mk. 46 for use against submarines. On the foredeck there is a 127 mm gun with caliber length 54 type Mark 45 , from DDG-80 with caliber length 62. This gun can be used to attack surface and air targets and for coastal bombardment at a range of approx. The rate of fire is 16-20 rounds per minute, and the magazine contains 500 shells for the gun. The development of extended range extended range guided ammunition (ERGM) and ballistic trajectory extended range ammunition (BTERM), which can be fired up to 70 kilometers, was ended in 2008 without series production.

A Gatling gun Phalanx CIWS is available in front of and behind the superstructure for close-range defense against approaching missiles . However, this is increasingly being replaced by the ESSM and is no longer installed on newer units (from Flight IIA). By 2013, the US Navy wants to retrofit every ship with a CIWS (aft).

electronics

Mast and aegis antenna of Winston S. Churchill

The core of the detection electronics on the destroyers is the so-called Aegis combat system . The main component of this weapon system is the SPY-1 radar, which consists of four flat phased array antennas with passive electronic beam pivoting and which permanently monitors the airspace around the ship. In addition, Aegis also serves as a warning system that can analyze and assess possible threats. It is also used for networking with other units. The SPS-67 and SPS-64 from the Norden Corporation , which work on the G and I bands, are used as navigation and location radars for surface targets .

The SPY-1 is mainly used for fire control and missile control ; the three SPG-62 fire control devices, manufactured by the Radio Corporation of America , are not used until the final approach, two of which are directed aft and one forward. Enemy targets can also be recorded passively with the help of the AN / SSQ-108. This is a SIGINT system capable of over the horizon , which can record and locate radio emissions over long distances.

The systems for electronic warfare consist of the SLQ-32 . The antennas on the mast can be used for telecommunications and electronic reconnaissance and as jammers . The SLQ-32 package also includes the Mark 36 SRBOC , which shoots chaffs and flares into the air that are intended to deflect approaching missiles away from the ship with both radar and infrared seekers. The US Navy is currently modernizing its SRBOC launch systems so that it can also use Nulka radar baits . After being shot down, these fly autonomously above the surface of the water and, in coordination with the enemy radar system, actively enlarge their own radar cross-section in order to deflect enemy guided weapons from the ship.

The SQS-53C serves as the sonar system , which is housed in the bow behind a fiberglass cap and can work both actively and passively. Some units also have a type SQR-19 towing sonar for capturing submarines over long distances . The on-board sonar, but also designed by helicopter sonobuoy data collected from anti-submarine combat system SQQ-89 collected, processed and finally output for the sonar operators aboard. To defend against torpedo attacks, each ship can tow two SLQ-25 Nixie decoys behind them.

In addition to radio equipment on conventional frequency bands ( decimeter wave , ultra-short wave , short wave ), the ships also have satellite communication devices that can cover longer distances and are difficult to eavesdrop on at the same time. The data exchange with other ships in the formation takes place via devices according to the Link 11 , Link 16 and CEC standards . In addition to GPS receivers , an inertial navigation system can also be used to determine one's own position .

In March 2019, it was announced that Raytheon would equip the Arleigh Burke-class Flight III ships with the new SPY-6 radar system for around 402.6 million US dollars . The system has 37 radar modules so-called Radar Modular Assemblies (RMA) with a greater range.

Photo details

Above: Ramage des Flight I , below Mustin , Flight IIA . It is easy to see here how the hangar has changed the overall appearance of the class. While Ramage only has one landing deck, which is connected to the main deck with the aft VLS towards the bow, the two-meter-longer Mustin has two hangar doors, the deck has been raised there. Visible detail changes include the complete cladding of the chimney outlets and the elevation of the aft-facing SPY-1 antennas. On Ramage , the harpoon can be seen behind the aft chimney deckhouse . This, as well as the phalanx above it, is missing on Mustin .

crew

Galley of the Shoup

The ships of Flight I and II each carry 26 officers and 315 to 330 crews and NCOs. On those of Flight IIA the numbers are 32 or 348 to 350. The increase is mainly due to the helicopter crews and technicians who are also needed.

On board, on level 1 , there is a large mess, in which the crews of the ships can eat 24 hours a day. A hot meal is served at every shift change, i.e. every eight hours. In addition, there are hairdressers, a laundry and shopping facilities for the crew on the lower decks.

McFaul command center

The team is divided into six so-called departments , such as departments. These are: Administrative Department , responsible for personnel management on board, dealing with official documents and medical care. The Master-At-Arms , who are responsible for the discipline on board, also belong to Admin . The Combat System Department is divided into four divisions : The CE Division is responsible for communications and navigation electronics, the CF Division operates the Aegis system, the CS Division coordinates tests and maintenance of the weapon systems, while the CX Division is responsible for the Tomahawks , Harpoons and phalanx is responsible.

The Weapons Department consists of the WA Division , which is responsible for submarine hunting , and the WO Division, which is responsible for handling ammunition on board. Four divisions are integrated into the Engineering Department : The A / R Division maintains the technical equipment that is not directly necessary for combat, including the air conditioning, the laundry and the water treatment and distribution. The E Division is mainly responsible for the power supply, the MP Division is responsible for all systems related to the gas turbines. The DC Division is responsible for ship safety on board.

The Operations Department is also divided into four areas: the OC Division , which is responsible for communication, the OD Division , responsible for all operations on deck (including docking and casting off as well as supply and flight operations), and the OI Division , which operates the radar and EloKa systems in the ship's command center, and the ON Division, which manages the nautical charts and is thus responsible for the ship's navigation.

The last department is the Supply Department , which is divided into five divisions. S-1 is the ship's "warehouse" where spare parts are stored. S-2 is responsible for the food supply on board, i.e. the mess and the galley, S-3 runs the laundry, the hairdresser as well as the cola and other machines, S-4 is the "board bank", which deals with seafarers' money matters cares, S-5 is ultimately responsible for the officers' mess .

Arleigh Burkes in action

Mission profile

Chung-Hoon is escorting a carrier and dropship during RIMPAC

The destroyers are clearly designed as multi-mission platforms , so they can perform several roles at the same time. The SPY-1 radar, together with the Aegis combat system, is able to guarantee all-round air defense . The tomahawks can also be used to attack land targets as well as surface units from a great distance. The Mark 46 lightweight torpedoes and vertical launch ASROC missile torpedoes enable the ships to carry out submarine hunts. Depending on the intended use of the ships on a mission, the respective weapon mixtures can be chosen completely freely.

Usually the ships operate as part of aircraft carrier combat groups . They offer air protection to the largely unarmed porters and in return are supplied with fuel by the group's supply ships . Thanks to their stealth capabilities, the destroyers can also operate away from the group, for example temporarily leaving them for a missile attack on land targets. The helicopters of the Flight IIA ships are important here, as they act as "outboard sensors" and can detect the surrounding waters beyond the horizon .

Calls

During the war, Arleigh Burke- class units were deployed both in the Afghanistan war in 2001 and during operations against Iraq, Desert Strike 1996, Desert Fox 1998, Iraqi Freedom 2003 and Inherent Resolve from 2014. In addition to the escort function, the ships were always involved in cruise missile attacks on land targets.

Assassinations and accidents

The damaged Cole is towed out of the port of Aden

In October 2000, two suicide bombers carried out an attack on the Cole in the port of Aden , Yemen , by detonating a boat loaded with explosives upon impact with the ship. This attack, in which 17 sailors died, caused the worst damage ever to an Arleigh Burke destroyer. After the semi-submersible Blue Marlin returned the Cole to the United States for repair, the destroyer returned to the fleet in April 2002.

A first attempt in January 2000 on a sister ship of the USS Cole , the Sullivans , had failed because the attacking boat sank due to overloading.

In the early morning hours of August 12, 2012, the porter collided with the Japanese tanker M / V Otowasan flying the Panamanian flag in the Strait of Hormuz . According to a broadcast by the 5th US Fleet , no persons involved were injured on either side in the collision. The porter was able to call at the port of Jebel Ali in the United Arab Emirates on her own , where she was inspected and repaired.

On June 15, 2017, the Fitzgerald collided 56 nautical miles southwest of Yokosuka , Japan , with the Philippine- flagged container ship ACX Crystal belonging to the Japanese shipping company Nippon Yūsen . Seven crew members of the destroyer were killed in the collision, their bodies were found in a flooded bedroom. Several others - including the commander - were injured. The commander and another crew member were flown out by helicopter and taken to a hospital. The freighter's crew were uninjured.

On August 20, 2017, the John S. McCain collided with the Liberian-flagged tanker Alnic MC off the coast of Singapore in the Malakka Strait . Ten crew members of the destroyer were killed. The ship was transported to the US base in Yokosuka by the semi-submersible Treasure of the Dockwise shipping company .

A final investigation report was published on November 11, 2017, citing omissions by the crew and officers on duty as the reason for both the USS Fitzgerald and the USS John S. McCain accidents . According to the US Navy, both accidents were avoidable.

In the media

In the American science fiction film Battleship from 2012, two Arleigh Burke- class ships play an important role. In the film, the John Paul Jones and the Sampson are destroyed while trying to fend off an invasion.

An Arleigh Burke- class ship plays a central role in the US television series The Last Ship (since 2014) . On board the fictitious USS Nathan James with the registration DDG-151 are the ship's crew around Captain Commander Tom Chandler and the scientist Dr. Rachel Scott in search of an antidote to a global pandemic. The Navy made the Halsey available for filming .

In the crime series Navy CIS ships of this class are often dealt with, for example in the fifteenth episode of season 16 directly in the opening sequence in which the USS Ewing with the identification DDG 150 passes the equator.

literature

• Michael S. Sanders: The Yard: Building a Destroyer at the Bath Iron Works. HarperCollins, New York NY 1999, ISBN 0-06-019246-1 (on the construction of the USS Donald Cook ).
• Michael Green, Gladys Green: Destroyers. The Arleigh Burke Class. Capstone Press, Mankato MN 2005, ISBN 0-7368-2722-6 ( Edge Books, War Machines ).

Web links

Commons : Arleigh Burke class  - collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

• Official Fact Sheet of the US Navy (Engl.)
• Arleigh Burke-class destroyer in the pages of the US Naval Institute ( Memento of 5 February 2007 at the Internet Archive ) (Engl.)
• Arleigh Burke Class on globalsecurity.org
• Arleigh Burke Class on naval-technology.com

Footnotes

1. ↑ Destroyer directory in the Naval Vessel Register ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ^ Department of the Navy Fiscal Year (FY) 2007 Biennial Budget Estimates (PDF; 615 kB), February 2006, page 88
3. ↑ National Defense Authorization Act of 2007 , Title I — Procurement Pages 67f ( Memento of the original from February 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and Title II — Research, Development, Test, & Evaluation , page 193 ( Memento of the original dated December 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English, PDF)  
4. ↑ Navy Times: Destroyer extension part of 313-ship plan  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)  
5. ^ Navy Times: Nuclear-powered DDG? Lawmakers, Navy differ  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.)  
6. ↑ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Adding-Arleigh-Burkes-Northrop-Grumman-Underway-06007/
7. ↑ http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/03/navy_new_burkes_031410w/  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ Sam Lagrone: US Navy's BMD destroyer build costs revealed . In: Jane's Defense Weekly , Nov. 23, 2011, p.12
9. ↑ Jane's Information Group: Arleigh Burke-class destroyers 'buckling' under stress, admits USN (Engl.)
10. ^ Office of Naval Researches: Hybrid Electric Drive
11. ↑ https://news.usni.org/2015/09/23/navy-set-to-install-hybrid-electric-drives-in-destroyer-fleet-staring-next-year
12. ↑ navy.mil: A Standard Missile (SM-3) is launched from the Arleigh Burke class destroyer USS Decatur (DDG 73). (engl.)
13. ↑ orf.at: Strait of Hormuz: US destroyer collided with oil tanker
14. ↑ US Naval Forces Central Command, Public Affairs No injuries in Strait of Hormuz collision: Update ( Memento of the original dated August 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (engl.) 
15. ↑ navy.mil Update: No Injuries in Strait of Hormuz Collision (Engl.)
16. ↑ tagesschau.de: Japan: US destroyer collides with merchant ship. Retrieved June 17, 2017 . 
17. ↑ Collided warship: US Navy confirms death of seven sailors. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. June 19, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2017 . 
18. ↑ DVV Media Group GmbH: Login. Retrieved August 14, 2019 . 
19. ^ Dan Lamothe: 'Multiple failures' by ship crews standing watch contributed to deadly collisions, Navy finds. Washington Post, November 1, 2017, accessed August 14, 2019 . 

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on January 20, 2007 in this version .