at-Takfir wa-l-Higra

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At-Takfir wa-l-Higra ( Arabic التكفير والهجرة at-Takfir wa-l-Hijra , DMG at-Takfīr wa-l-Hiǧra  'the declaration of the unbeliever and the exodus') is a Salafi - Islamist movement from Egypt that is also active in Europe today.

The group was likely formed in 1973. The first leader was Shukri Ahmad Mustafa , who had previously been a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and was imprisoned until 1971 with Sayyid Qutb among others , and he became one of its most radical followers.

The aim of the group was a radical return to the roots of Islam and the establishment of a pure Islamic society; its members are said to have even moved into caves on the Nile. Her name means "declaration (of another) to be an unbeliever and emigration". It means that the members of the group declare most of the Egyptian society to be unbelievers ( Takfīr ) and therefore withdraw from society, symbolically "emigrate" ( Hijra ). Holy war ( jihad ) is then declared on the unbelievers . The naming refers explicitly to the story of the prophets, thus symbolically imitating the example of Muhammad , who emigrated from the "unbelieving" Mecca into exile in Medina, from where he then had the unbelieving Meccans fought.

At-Takfir wa-l-Higra is said to have been responsible for the attack on the military academy in Cairo- Heliopolis on April 18, 1974, in which eleven people were killed. In July 1977, the group kidnapped and murdered former Minister for Religious Affairs , Sheikh adh-Dhahabi. Schukri was hanged for this in 1977. He was succeeded as leader by Abd al-Latif as-Sumur .

In September 1981 riots broke out in az-Zaudscha al-Hamra in Cairo, for which at-Takfir wa-l-Higra was made partly responsible. According to official information, President Anwar al-Sadat had 476 members of the group arrested.

The European Union included the current on the list of terrorist organizations from late 2002 to early 2015 , but then removed it again.

literature

  • Gilles Kepel : The Prophet and the Pharaoh. The Example of Egypt: The Development of Muslim Extremism. R. Piper, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-492-03786-0 , pp. 71-108.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Common position of the Council of 12 December 2002 on the update of common position 2001/931 / CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and on the repeal of common position 2002/847 / CFSP
  2. ↑ Council Decision 2014/483 / CFSP of July 22, 2014 updating and amending the list of persons, associations and entities for which Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931 / CFSP on the application of specific measures for Anti-terrorism apply, and repeal Decision 2014/72 / CFSP
  3. ↑ Decision (CFSP) 2015/521 of the Council of 26 March 2015 updating and amending the list of persons, groups and entities for which Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931 / CFSP on the application of special measures apply to the fight against terrorism and repeal Decision 2014/483 / CFSP