Bargawata
The Bargawata or Berghouata ( Arabic بورغواطة, DMG Būrġawāṭa ) were a Berber tribe on the Moroccan Atlantic coast and in northern Morocco .
history
After converting to Islam at the beginning of the 8th century and the Maysara uprising (739-742), the Bargawata Berbers, as a branch of the Masmuda , formed an independent principality on the Atlantic coast between today's cities of Safi and Salé . The founder was Sālih ibn Tarīf (749-795), who had participated in the Maysara uprising and rose to be a prophet. He proclaimed a religion with elements of Orthodox, Shiite and Charijite Islam mixed with astrology and pagan traditions. A separate “ Koran ” in Berber is also said to have existed.
Under his successors al-Yasa (795-842), Yunus (842-885) and Abu Ghufail (885-913), the tribal principality was consolidated. The mission of teaching among the neighboring tribes was also started. After initially good relations with the Caliphate of Cordoba , it broke with the Umayyads ruling there towards the end of the 10th century . Two Umayyad campaigns, but also attacks by the Fatimids , were repulsed by the Bargawata. From the 11th century there was a violent guerrilla war with the Banu Ifran . Even if the Bargawata were considerably weakened by this, they were still able to repel the attacks of the Almoravids - Ibn Yasin, the spiritual leader of the Almoravids, fell in the fight against the Bargawata (1059). It was not until 1149 that the Bargawata were destroyed by the Almohads as a political and religious group.
literature
- Ibn Chaldūn : Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique Septentrionale. Traduit de l'arabe by M. le Baron de Slane . Imprimerie du Gouvernement, Algiers, 1854. Vol. II, pp. 125-133. Digitized
- Ulrich Haarmann : History of the Arab World. 4th revised and expanded edition. CH Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 ( Beck's Historical Library ).
- Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich et al. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .
Web links
- Bergawata - Photos + Info (French)