Bergisel
| Bergisel | ||
|---|---|---|
 View of the Bergisel from the north |
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| height | 746 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Innsbruck , Austria | |
| Mountains | Stubai Alps | |
| Dominance | 0.5 km → Lanser Kopf | |
| Notch height | 70 m ↓ ravine | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 14 '48 " N , 11 ° 23' 59" E | |
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The Bergisel is a 746 m high hill in the south of the Wilten district of Innsbruck ( Austria ). It is located at the exit of the Sill ( Wipptal ) into the Inn Valley .
The Bergisel is tunneled under by the Brenner railway and the Brenner autobahn. At its foot is the Sill Gorge, a local recreation area .
etymology
The first syllable Berg- does not correspond etymologically to the German word Berg , as the name of the hill is derived from the pre-Roman burgusinus (raised point) like the comparable Burgeis in Vinschgau . The corresponding form of the name " mons Burgusinus " is attested in a document for the nearby Wilten Abbey from 1140, although the document was not made until the second half of the 13th century. A later phonetic alignment, which also caused the occasional spelling Berg Isel , was made through folk etymology .
history
Finds testify to an early use as a burnt offering place and a settlement from the Neolithic to the Iron Age .
In 1809 the Bergisel was the scene of the Battle of the Bergisel four times under the command of the freedom fighter Andreas Hofer . In 1892, the Andreas Hofer monument was unveiled to commemorate these battles . The events of the third battle at Bergisel on August 13, 1809 are depicted in the giant circular painting in Innsbruck .
According to legend, the battle between the two giants Haymon and Thyrsus took place here.
Museums and memorials
From 1817 the Bergisel plateau was used by the Kaiserjäger for military training. In 1838, the transfer of the site on Bergisel for the establishment of a shooting range between Wilten Abbey and the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger was regulated in writing. Over the years, the Kaiserjäger developed the square into a “Heldenberg” and excursion destination. The "Heldenberg" recalls the history of the Kaiserjäger, Austria and Andreas Hofers. The Kaiserjägermuseum was opened in October 1880, and the Andreas Hofer Memorial inaugurated in 1893. The Kreuzkapelle was built in 1912 and an honorary grave was erected in 1923 for the approx. In 1930 the Bergisel Foundation "In memory of the four Tyrolean Kaiserjäger Regiments" was established to maintain tradition and preserve the Bergisel facilities. Today the entire area below the ski jump presents itself as a historical memorial. The Alt-Kaiserjäger Club, founded by Kaiserjäger officers in 1920, whose headquarters are in the “Urichhaus” (the former Kaiserjäger summer officer's casino), supports the preservation of the Kaiserjäger Museum and the Bergisel facilities as part of the Bergisel Foundation.
Tyrolean Kaiserjäger Museum
The regimental museum of the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger, known as the Bergisel Museum, includes various collections. The Andreas Hofer Gallery contains paintings, maps, weapons and memorabilia from the time of the freedom struggles. Kaiserjäger officers abducted the Tyrolean hero's bones to Innsbruck in 1823 and began collecting them for the museum. In the basement of the museum is the State Memorial Chapel, a chapel that was built on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the freedom struggles. Here there are memorial books with lists of names of the Tyrolean soldiers who died in the wars of freedom and the world wars (microfilming can be viewed in the Tyrolean state archive). The actual Kaiserjägermuseum shows pictures of soldiers and officers, weapons, flags, uniforms, cards and awards from the history of peace and operations between 1816 and 1918. Since the renovation in 2010, the Kaiserjägermuseum has been operated together with the newly built museum "Tirol Panorama" to which it is also connected underground.
The Tirol Panorama - Museum for the giant circular painting of the Battle of Bergisel
The Innsbruck giant circular painting was moved from the building at the valley station of the Hungerburgbahn (rotunda) to a new house on the Bergisel on September 11, 2010. The new museum Das Tirol Panorama , which not only includes the monumental panorama painting, but also an underground permanent exhibition hall “Schauplatz Tirol” and an entrance to the Kaiserjäger Museum , was opened on March 12, 2011. 6,500 visitors came to the opening.
Ski jumping
Innsbruck has been the venue for the Four Hills Tournament since 1952 . Having previously been a smaller ski jump had existed, was the 1964 Olympic Winter Games , the Bergiselschanze of concrete built, also the 1976 games was used. After this hill no longer met the requirements, a new hill was built according to plans by the architect Zaha Hadid and opened in 2002.
The Bergisel Stadium was also the venue for the snowboarding spectacle Air until an accident following a mass panic in 1999, which initially resulted in five deaths and a further five adolescent spectators, one of whom died four years later as a result of the accident & Style .
In the subsequent proceedings it was argued that
- “…. Both the event office and the municipality of Innsbruck had known at least since 1995 that the Bergisel Stadium as a facility for large events is a very problematic and sometimes unsuitable facility ”.
Almost three years after the accident, the judge stated in his judgment that the state of Tyrol and the city of Innsbruck should have canceled the event. Because of this neglect of duty, they were sentenced to pay for the damage caused.
On February 2, 2008, the snowboard event returned to the Bergisel with a limit of 12,000 spectators. The stadium was sold out and no incidents occurred.
Reconstruction of the area
Due to the massive changes in ski jumping , mainly due to the V-style introduced by Jan Boklöv and better material, considerably larger distances were achieved. The old hill, designed by Horst Passer , no longer met international safety requirements. In order to continue to host ski jumping, Zaha Hadid was commissioned with the new building in 2000 . It was faced with an architectural problem, as many ski jumps in the world have a similar structure: They usually consist of a tower, an inrun track and the jump table (the connection between the slope and the jump). Most of the jumps are therefore kept very simple. Hadid originally planned an architectural and a ski jumping section for the Bergisel (such as in Kuopio , Finland).
In the course of the construction work, however, she discovered that the two parts could be architecturally connected. This is the real fascination of this building. Hadid combined a sports stadium with a café including a viewing platform to create an architectural synthesis of the arts. The ski jump looks like it is made of one piece, the individual elements flow into one another. The transition from the underground area to the top of the tower is just as fluid. The futuristic diving platform blends in well with the landscape and offers a view of Innsbruck and the low mountain range. At night, the alternating colored lighting of the approach and the café creates an interesting visual experience. The hill was nicknamed by various architects because it is reminiscent of a golf club or a high-heeled shoe. Imaginative speak of a cobra.
reachability
The Bergisel can be reached with the Stubaitalbahn , Sonnenburgerhof - Tirol Panorama station , tram lines 1 and 6, Bergisel - Tirol Panorama station , and the TS line, Tirol Panorama station ( Innsbrucker Verkehrsbetriebe ).
Bergisel from the north, in front of that Wilten Abbey
View of the Bergisel from Brennerstrasse
The Kaiserjäger shooting range on Bergisel
Ski jumper over Innsbruck
literature
- Oswald von Gschliesser, Hans Kramer, Osmund Menghin, Georg Mutschlechner, Fritz Steinegger: Bergisel book. Wagner University Press, Innsbruck 1964.
Web links
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Finsterwalder : Bergisel, Burgeis and other names as distinguishing features of Indo-European languages. In: Festschrift in honor of Richard Heuberger (Schlern-Schriften 206), ed. by Wilhelm Fischer. Innsbruck: Wagner 1960, pp. 13–31.
- ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 1: Up to the year 1140 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 318-322 No. 380 .
- ↑ Peter Anreiter : Breonen, Genaunen and Fokunaten: Pre-Roman namesake in the Tyrolean Alps . Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies. Ed .: Institute for Linguistics at the University of Innsbruck. 99: special issue. Innsbruck 1997, ISBN 963-8046-18-X , p. 16 .
- ↑ Cindy Franke: 5000 year old traces of settlement found near Innsbruck , Spektrum.de from January 31, 2008, accessed on April 21, 2014.
- ↑ 5 dead after mass panic. Retrieved December 29, 2012 .