Berliner Börsen-Zeitung

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Berliner Börsen-Zeitung
Berliner Boersen-Zeitung logo1914.png
description German daily newspaper
publishing company Berliner Börsen-Zeitung printing and publishing company Ges.mbh
First edition 1855
Frequency of publication Mon - Sun (12 issues)
Sold edition approx. 42,000 copies
Editor-in-chief 1921–1930: Walther Funk
editor 1855–1886: Hermann Killisch-Horn
1886–1905: Marie Antonie Killisch-Horn
1906–1915: Kurt Killisch von Horn
1915–1938: Arnold Killisch von Horn
1938–1944: Deutscher Verlag

The Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , also known as BBZ , was a daily newspaper published in Berlin twice a week as a morning and evening edition from 1855 to 1944 over a period of 89 years, five wars and four forms of government .

history

The paper was founded in 1855 by Hermann Killisch-Horn (1821–1886) in Berlin with its headquarters at Jüdenstrasse 49 in the historic city center, but moved its editorial offices to the banking district (Charlottenstrasse 28) as early as 1856, as it was close to the financial world in daily journalistic work Practice was more beneficial. The first edition appeared in July 1855 in an edition of 1900 copies, from October 1, 1856 the sheet appeared in a morning and an evening edition. The circulation rose continuously and reached around 14,100 copies in 1871.

Peter de Mendelssohn later claimed that Killisch founded the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung at the instigation of Bismarck. However, no evidence can be found for this claim, as the historian Robert Radu has shown in his study of the history of financial journalism. Killisch received no official support in founding his paper, he was unknown in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior at that time and they refused to support the paper with communications. It is more likely that Killisch had less political ambitions than his own entrepreneurial interests when founding the paper, as he believed he had discovered a market niche in the Berlin press segment.

The newspaper primarily published price reports on securities traded on the Berlin and foreign stock exchanges , information on the mortgage market , and reports on national and international industry and trade . As a rule, the evening edition also included a detailed stock exchange report on the trading day on the Berlin Stock Exchange, which, in prose, provided a varied picture of the mood of the trading day. Until his death in 1886, Killisch wrote the stock market report himself, a testament to the importance attached to this column by the newspaper. Political news was also published with an emphasis on the national and world economies . In addition, there were reports from culture, private and business small advertisements and advertisements , facsimiles of prose and poetry published in continuation as well as countless special supplements to the portfolio of the paper. For example , in the year of its founder's death, the BBZ reported on the 500th anniversary of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg .

In 1930, for example, the following departments were occupied:

  • Editor-in-chief / responsible head of the trading section: Walther Funk
  • Political part: Richard Jügler (later chief editor of the resident of the same house publishing The Wehrmacht )
  • Art and science: Franz Köppen
  • Local and sports: Gerhart Pensionner
  • Advertisement section: i. VH Lorey

The publishing house and editorial office were most recently located at Kronenstrasse 37 in Berlin W8 (today part of Berlin-Mitte ), near the Reich Chancellery and the Berlin Stock Exchange .

“ Berliner Börsenzeitung” was founded in July 1855 by Hermann Killisch von Horn at the instigation of Bismarck as a journalistic organ for the stock exchange, but it had quickly developed into a newspaper covering all areas, also among the senior officers and in circles of the Large estate had many readers. "

Front page of the weekly supplement Berliner Börsen-Courier No. 51 of December 24, 1857
(Morning) Issue No. 133 of March 20, 1890 - The pilot disembarked : Bismarck resigned
(Morning) Issue No. 357 of August 2, 1914 - Mobilization , the First World War begins

The previous weekly supplement of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , the Berliner Börsen-Courier (BBC), split off in 1868 and advanced to become an independent and politically divergent competitor. Both daily newspapers developed into media institutions within the capital of the Reich , especially from the establishment of the Reich in 1871 , which were received across party lines, especially by the ( large ) bourgeoisie and by senior officers. As early as 1885, the BBC appointed Germany's first sports editor, thus preparing the ground for the subsequent development of sports journalism .

The editions of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung were numbered consecutively, with appearances twice a day. The number of years of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung changed on July 1st of each year. After the death of its founder, Hermann Killisch-Horn, the newspaper belonged to his wife Marie Antonie, who ran the newspaper with their son Kurt. The editor-in-chief was Otto Vollmer, who had been part of the editorial team for 26 years and held his new position until his death in 1900. On June 25, 1904, there was a change in the legal situation. A GmbH was founded; the share capital was 381,000 Reichsmarks - 380,000 RM from Marie Antonie Killisch von Horn, 1,000 RM from her son-in-law General Ernst von Kracht . The managing directors were the widow Killisch von Horn and the editor-in-chief Carl Samuel.

Marie Antonie Killisch von Horn died the following year. Her share of RM 380,000 went in equal parts to her seven children, Mrs. Else von Kracht, nee. Killisch-Horn, Mrs. Gertrud von der Marwitz, b. Killisch-Horn, and the brothers Kurt, Georg, Arnold, Erich, Günther Killisch von Horn. The brothers Georg and Erich, who lived abroad, sold their shares in equal parts to their other siblings. Kurt Killisch von Horn died on April 15, 1915. After the departure of editor-in-chief Carl Simon, Arnold Killisch von Horn and the newly appointed editor-in-chief Hugo Pratsch were appointed managing directors on October 1, 1916. After Pratsch's death on October 25, 1920, the editor Max Schmiedecke was appointed managing director. When he died on December 31, 1928, Günther Killisch von Horn was appointed managing director.

From 1921 to 1930 Walther Funk was editor-in-chief of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , who from March 1933 as State Secretary in the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda under Joseph Goebbels , as Hitler's personal press chief , from November 1933 as Deputy President of the Reich Chamber of Culture (RKK) and finally from February 1938 served as Nazi Reich Economics Minister and from January 1939 as President of the Reichsbank .

In 1930, on the occasion of its 75th anniversary, the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung published a bound book that served as a commemorative publication. As a result of the global economic crisis, the Berlin stock exchange courier was very weakened at the beginning of the 1930s and got into turmoil. In December 1933, the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung publicly announced that it had acquired the shares in the Berliner Börsen-Courier . From January 1, 1934, after more than six decades, the two sheets were reunited, editorial and content were merged. Walther Funk acted externally as a sponsor of the BBZ , provided appropriate political support in the Nazi Reich government and financial support from banks and industry. However, he could only delay the decline of the paper, not stop it. The dismissal of many good journalists from the Berliner Börsen-Courier did not go down well with the subscribers or readers of this paper. Their willingness to switch to the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung was therefore moderate.

In its prime, the Berliner Börsen-Courier had a circulation of just 25,000, while the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung had a circulation of around 42,000. After the merger, the Berliner Börsen-Courier became the weekly supplement of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung as it had been before 1868 . Combined in this way, they only had a circulation of around 31,000 copies. Even after the BBZ took over the subscribers to the agriculturally oriented German newspaper , which had been discontinued on May 24, 1934 , this did not result in any significant improvement.

Arnold Killisch von Horn and his partner Joachim von Stülpnagel received support from Walther Funk and Otto Dietrich for their plan to put the newspaper on a new, sustainable basis. From 1936 the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung was one of the five selected German daily newspapers that were admitted in the Republic of Austria on the basis of a gentlemen's agreement. Max Amann , Chairman of the Reich Association of German Newspaper Publishers and President of the Reich Press Chamber (RPK) blocked the two’s plan by approaching Hitler directly to prevent this. Arnold Killisch von Horn and Joachim von Stülpnagel forcibly sold the traditional newspaper and family company to a holding company, Cautio Treuhand GmbH , in December 1938 . Behind this stood Max Amann, to whom Franz-Eher-Verlag was also subordinate, the central publishing house of the NSDAP , in which Hitler's Mein Kampf was published, and ultimately also Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. The paper ended up in the portfolio of the Nazi press group Deutscher Verlag , which emerged from Ullstein Verlag . In 1944, against the backdrop of the war , the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung was merged with the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (DAZ). Due to the course of the war, this had to finally stop its publication. Its last edition was published on April 24, 1945, during the Battle of Berlin .

criticism

The criticism of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung included a. Allegations that its founder, Hermann Killisch-Horn, was active on the stock exchange and traded in shares. But Killisch-Horn was not the only one among the publishers. Killisch-Horn's contacts with influential people in Prussia and with confidential first-hand information undoubtedly put him in a position from which he could make a profit. He often knew in advance which developments would affect the stock market. His correspondence with Bismarck's banker Gerson Bleichröder also seems to show that he knew how to use such information for his private gain. Some stock corporations of the time protested against an embellished presentation of their economic situation in the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung . According to the party affiliation of its founder, the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung was referred to as the newspaper of the German Progressive Party (DFP). A similar characterization of the paper read: “It shimmers in all the colors of progress and national liberalism, and often tries to be pleasant to the top.” Another voice was of the opinion that the newspaper “supports the national liberal party and especially the Hurray- Direction "should be attributed.

typography

Title comparison of the morning and evening editions between 1857 and 1930

The newspaper title of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung was designed differently, the morning and evening editions were visually different from each other and clearly marked by different fonts . For the morning edition, a specific Gothic font was used consistently , which, apart from very subtle typographical modifications, has remained almost unchanged over the decades. In the evening edition, the Antiqua typeface used remained similar over the decades, but not nearly unchanged as in the morning edition. Instead, it was more in line with contemporary tastes, becoming increasingly bold and finally comparatively stocky. The morning and evening editions dispensed with the originally final point in their titles after decades . The rate of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung took place in Antiqua, but partly also in sans serif fonts.

Trivia

In 1891 the then managing director of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , Kurt Killisch-Horn (1856–1915), made the balloon MW (= "Let's do!") Available to the German Association for the Promotion of Airship Travel, which was founded in 1881 .

Known employees

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn: Berlin newspaper city. People and Powers in the History of the German Press . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1982. ISBN 3-550-07496-4 , p. 392 f.
  2. ↑ Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , on: staatsbibliothek-berlin.de, accessed on May 25, 2016
  3. ^ Hubertus Grote: Theodor Hermann Julius Killisch von Horn (1821-1886) . In: Heinz-Dietrich Fischer (Ed.): German press publishers from the 18th to the 20th century . Verlag Documentation, Pullach 1975, pp. 130–140.
  4. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn: Berlin newspaper city . Frankfurt a. M. 1982, p. 457 .
  5. ↑ Robert Radu: Augurs of Money. A cultural history of financial journalism in Germany 1850-1914 . Göttingen 2017, p. 73 .
  6. ^ Front page of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung of August 6, 1914 , at: deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de, accessed on May 25, 2016
  7. ↑ The big vote victory. 90.5 percent for Germany . ( Memento from May 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , January 15, 1935, at: europeana.eu, accessed on May 25, 2016
  8. ↑ "Battleship Potemkin" - a political film! . ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , July 10, 1926, at: deutsches-filminstitut.de, accessed on May 25, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / collate.deutsches-filminstitut.de
  9. ↑ 500 years of Heidelberg University . In: Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , August 3, 1886, accessed on May 25, 2016
  10. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn: Berlin newspaper city. People and Powers in the History of the German Press . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1982. ISBN 3-550-07496-4 , p. 392.
  11. ↑ Lars-André Richter: "The intellectuals have the floor". An evaluation of press inquiries among intellectuals of the Weimar Republic . Dissertation, Humboldt University Berlin, 2008. p. 70.
  12. ^ Friedrich Bertkau: Family history of the Killisch von Horn . In: 75 Years of the Berliner Börsen-Zeitung, Part I, Berlin 1930.
  13. ^ Deutsches Historisches Museum / Lebendiges Museum Online (Lemo): Walther Funk 1890–1960 , on: dhm.de, accessed on May 25, 2016
  14. ↑ The Nazi press and its coverage of the November Pogrom on: israel-nachrichten.org, accessed on May 25, 2016
  15. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn: Berlin newspaper city. People and Powers in the History of the German Press . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1982. ISBN 3-550-07496-4 , p. 392 f.
  16. ^ Peter de Mendelssohn: Berlin newspaper city. People and Powers in the History of the German Press . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1982. ISBN 3-550-07496-4 , p. 398 f.
  17. ↑ Eugen Schmalenbach : The German financial press . In: Zeitschrift für Handelswissenschaftliche Forschung , (8) Vol. I, May 1907, pp. 277–285, 361–370.
  18. ^ Fritz Stern : Gold and Iron. Bismarck and his banker Bleichröder . Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main 1978, p. 344./ new edition. CH Beck, Munich 2011. ISBN 978-3-406-56847-3 .
  19. ↑ Correspondence between Hermann Killisch-Horn and Gerson Bleichröder on December 5, 1877 and October 24, 1879. In: Bundesarchiv
  20. ↑ Otto Glagau : Der Börsen- und Gründungsschwindel in Deutschland , Leipzig 1876/77, p. 451. Complete facsimile including The Stock Exchange and Entrepreneurship in Berlin on CD-ROM: Winfried Bogon, Berlin 2009. ISBN 978-3- 936059-53-3 .
  21. ^ Hubertus Grote: Theodor Herrmann Karl Julius Killisch von Horn . In: Heinz-Dietrich Fischer (Ed.): German press publishers from the 18th to the 20th century . Verlag Documentation / DeGruyter, Pullach 1975, ISBN 978-3-11-118858-4 , p. 148 f.
  22. ^ Letter from the Berlin Police President dated July 26, 1864 to the President of the Province of Brandenburg ; GstA PK, I. HA Rep. 176 Heroldsamt No. 4459
  23. ↑ Pierer's Universal Lexikon , Volume 19, 4th ed. 1865, article "Newspapers and Magazines"
  24. ^ Historical-political papers for Catholic Germany , vol. 70 (1872), p. 348.
  25. ↑ Eugen Schmalenbach: The German financial press . In: Zeitschrift für Handelswissenschaftliche Forschung , (10) Vol. I, July 1907, p. 282.
  26. ↑ Berliner Börsen-Zeitung , on: theeuropeanlibrary.org, accessed on May 25, 2016
  27. ^ Gerhard Ringshausen : Hans-Alexander von Voss. General staff officer in the resistance 1907–1944 . Lukas, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86732-031-3 , p. 23 f.