Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach
Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach OSB (* December 24, 1631 at Karlsburg in Durlach ; † December 26, 1677 in Hammelburg ) was major general in the Swedish army and, after his conversion to the Roman Catholic Church, abbot of Fulda and Kempten and cardinal .
Life
He was born as the son of Margrave Friedrich V of Baden-Durlach and his second wife Eleonore zu Solms-Laubach and was baptized Gustav Adolf as a nephew and godchild of King Gustav Adolf of Sweden, raised in the Lutheran faith.
As a major general in the Swedish army, he was involved in the war against Poland . After traveling through France and Italy as well as a long stay in Rome, he converted on August 24, 1660 in the Franciscan monastery of Hermolsheim in Lower Alsace and, at confirmation , took the name Bernhard in honor of the Catholic Margrave Bernhard II of Baden .
In 1663 he took part in the Turkish war in Venetian service and one year later, in the Turkish wars, he took part in the battle of St. Gotthard (Hungary) . In 1665 Bernhard Gustav laid down his arms, entered the Benedictine monastery in Rheinau and received minor orders . As early as 1666 he was appointed coadjutor of the prince abbot of Fulda, in 1668 also that of the prince abbot of Kempten. On March 19, 1668, he was ordained a priest in Mainz . In 1671 he became abbot of Fulda and coadjutor in Siegburg . Pope Clement X elevated him to cardinal in the consistory of August 24, 1671 and assigned him the titular church of Santa Susanna . In 1672 he was also abbot of the Reichsabbey Siegburg .
In 1673 he also became prince abbot of Kempten . During his reign as Prince Abbot of Kempten, the new construction of the St. Lorenz Church was completed. He also had the Hildegard Chapel built in the eastern courtyard of the residence and decorated with paintings - but this was demolished in the course of secularization in 1804. In order to promote the mobility of trade and industry, he initiated the construction of a bridge over the Iller near Schwarzenbach in 1673 .
He took part in the conclave of 1676 , on which Pope Innocent XI. was chosen. He was only able to receive the cardinal's hat and the titular church of Santa Susanna on October 19, 1676.
Bernhard Gustav died in Hammelburg and was buried there.
Bernhard Gustav's cousin Gustav Adolf von Nassau-Idstein (1632–1664) also converted to the Catholic Church and was therefore excluded from the dynastic succession by his father. He fell in the battle of St. Gotthard (Hungary), which Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach had also participated in.
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Bernhard Gustav, Margrave of Baden-Durlach. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 538.
- Anton Philipp Brück : Bernhard Gustav. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 110 ( digitized version ).
- Arthur Kleinschmidt : Gustav Adolph, Margrave of Baden . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 186 f.
- Odilo Ringholz: Bernhard Gustav Cardinal von Baden, Prince Abbot of Kempten, and the Swiss Benedictine Congregation. In: studies and communications from the Benedictine and the Cistercian Order . 14 Vol 1893, pp 167-181 ( digitized ), pp 319-333 ( digitized ), pp 491-510 ( digitized )
- Markus Naumann: Renewal efforts in the aristocratic Benedictine abbeys of Kempten and Fulda under the prince abbots Roman Giel von Gielsberg, Joachim von Gravenegg and Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach, in particular on the relationships with one another and on the influence of the monasteries of the Swiss Benedictine Congregation. In: Allgäu history friend. 97, 1997, pp. 11-68.
- Klaus P. Oesterle: A cardinal from Durlach. Denomination and Career in the Early Modern Era. In: Badische Heimat. 89th year 2009, pp. 215-222.
- Augustin Rübsam: Cardinal Bernhard Gustav, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Prince Abbot of Fulda 1671-1677 (= sources and treatises on the history of the abbey and diocese of Fulda 12). Fulda 1923.
Web links
- Baden-Durlach, OSB, Bernhard Gustav von. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed December 7, 2016.
- Entry on Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- Biography of the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe
- Website about the abbots of the Fulda Imperial Abbey, with a separate chapter on Bernhard Gustav von Baden-Durlach
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Joachim Graf von Gravenegg |
Prince Abbot of Fulda 1671–1677 |
Placidus von Droste |
| Roman Giel from Gielsberg |
Prince Abbot of Kempten 1673–1677 |
Rupert of Bodman |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Baden-Durlach, Bernhard Gustav von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Baden-Durlach, Gustav Adolf von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swedish general and abbot of Fulda and Kempten |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 24, 1631 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Karlsburg , Karlsruhe-Durlach |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 26, 1677 |
| Place of death | Hammelburg |