Professional drivers

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Bus driver at work
Professional driver at work

Professional driver is the professional title in Germany and Austria for qualified drivers of certain vehicles for goods or passenger transport . In Switzerland, the BKF is called Road Transport Specialist.

In the member states of the European Union , the harmonized code number 95 ( Community code 95 ) is usually entered in the driver's license as proof of the driver's qualification . In Germany, the professional qualification of drivers is regulated in the Professional Driver Qualification Act .

According to the official definition, the term professional driver is limited exclusively to driving road vehicles, although train drivers , pilots or captains also move vehicles and machines in their jobs.

basic requirements

In Germany, the basic qualification and further training in the apprenticeship professions of professional driver and specialist in driving operations is regulated in the Professional Driver Qualification Act (BKrFQG) and in the regulations for the implementation of professional driver qualifications (BKrFQV). In Austria, basic qualifications and advanced training are regulated in the Goods Transport Act and in the ordinance on the “Basic Qualifications and Advanced Training Ordinance - Professional Drivers” (GWB).

In the member states of the European Union, journeys in commercial goods and passenger traffic may only be carried out by people who have acquired at least a special basic qualification. This does not apply to drivers in passenger transport who have a driver's license in classes D1, D1E, D, DE or an equivalent class that was issued before September 10, 2008, as well as to drivers in goods transport who have a driver's license in the classes C1, C1E, C, CE or an equivalent class (road haulage) that was issued before September 10, 2009.

Transport of dangerous goods

Drivers of dangerous goods transport require an ADR certificate , which is valid in all European countries. The dangerous goods driving license is issued for certain dangerous goods classes. There are nine different such dangerous goods classes. In order to get the “ADR certificate” (valid for 5 years), a training course lasting several days must be attended and an examination must be taken at the IHK . There are special requirements for classes 1 and 7.

Controls

Professional drivers and their vehicles ( safety defects) are checked in Germany by the motorway police , customs and the Federal Office for Goods Transport (BAG). In addition to the controls on the vehicles and load securing (LaSi), a further focus is the comparison of the speedometer disc in the manual systems and the reading of the digi-speedometer in order to punish any exceeding of the driving time.

Dual training to become a professional driver

In Germany, a professional driver is a state-recognized training occupation ( skilled worker ) for driver work in the transport of people and goods. The three-year training is based on the professional driver training ordinance. The aim of the dual training is to enable the professional driver to safely, responsibly and independently drive motor vehicles in both passenger and factory, local and long-distance transport .

As an alternative to driving a bus in regular service , you can complete the vocational training as a specialist in driving operations (FiF). There it is also about commercial activities, than just driving buses (and tram vehicles). This type of training is becoming increasingly popular with transport companies and is now being offered more frequently than training as a professional driver.

Requirement for training

No special educational requirement is required, but at least a secondary school certificate should be available. The minimum age is 16 years, but the driver's license or the driver's license B + E can only be acquired at the age of 17 and C 1 + E at the age of 18, the bus driver's license only at the age of 21. The medical fitness examination for obtaining the driving license is a necessary legal requirement for the attitude to the training of the BKF as well as for the driving license C and E. In the last year of training, the 18-year-old apprentice can or may already drive heavy commercial vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of 40 t if he has obtained the driver's license by way of an individual exception.

education

The vocational training of the BKF takes place according to the professional driver training regulation (BKV) in a "training framework plan", in a forwarding or bus company and in the vocational school . The training period is three years. Activities and knowledge are to be conveyed in such a way that the trainee is able to exhaust a qualified professional activity. This includes, in particular, independent planning, implementation and control. A report book must be kept in the form of proof of training . An intermediate examination to determine the level of training should take place before the end of the second year of training. The final examination before an examination board of the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK) covers the listed skills and knowledge as well as the subject matter taught in vocational school. After successfully passing the skilled worker examination, the trainee receives the skilled worker certificate . In 2016, the average gross monthly training allowance in the old federal states for trainees for the profession of professional driver was € 826. In the first year of training, € 767 was paid per month, in the second year of training € 827 and in the third year of training € 884 per month. In the new federal states this remuneration was € 712, € 763 and € 822 respectively.

Apprenticeship profile § 3 BKV

The subject of vocational training is at least the imparting of the following activities and knowledge:

  1. Vocational training, labor and collective bargaining law
  2. Structure and organization of the training company
  3. Health and safety at work
  4. environmental Protection
  5. Checking, maintaining and caring for the vehicles
  6. Prepare and carry out the promotion
  7. Road safety, driving vehicles on public roads
  8. Road transport legislation
  9. Customer-oriented behavior
  10. Behavior after accidents and incidents
  11. Operational planning and logistics
  12. Transport-related cost accounting and contract processing
  13. Quality assurance measures

The Swiss training to become a road transport specialist

The training to become a road transport specialist takes three years in Switzerland. Until 2012 called truck driver or chauffeur.

Further education and retraining opportunities

Hazardous goods driver (GGVSEB / ADR), master transporter , as a certified industrial master specializing in motor transport, transport specialist, specialist for warehousing, forwarding agent z. B. Dispatcher, self-employment after a successful technical and specialist examination at the IHK.

History of professional driver training

Training to become a professional driver has been officially recognized in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1973. Since then, the professional title “professional driver” has also been protected by law. Until then, the driver was only an "unskilled worker with a driver's license". The high economic importance of commercial road haulage and the enormous increase in road traffic should be taken into account through better professional qualification of drivers. The increasing use of technology and the organizational change in the logistics industry also require extensive qualification of drivers.

Initially, from 1974, the Chambers of Commerce and Industry issued long-term drivers with a professional driver's certificate if they had successfully completed a relevant eight-month course. In addition to the theoretical qualification, practical professional qualifications were required, so that an initially two-year dual training program was set up. In addition to training in a company, the trainee is instructed in the vocational school. In the company training centers, such as the forwarding agents, the future skilled workers should go through all departments: warehouse, scheduling, workshop, accounting and local and long-distance transport. The acquisition of the driving license is done independently by private driving schools.

The training guidelines have been adapted over time to the changed and increased professional requirements. In 2001 the two-year training was extended to three years. This gave the professional driver the status of a real skilled worker.

The low professional qualification of the driver, which has persisted for many years, has led to a bad image of this professional group. The public image of drivers also suffers from the fact that truck traffic is often only perceived as a disruptive factor that hinders road traffic and pollutes the environment. The media coverage, too, often unilaterally emphasizes these negative aspects. Such circumstances favor the self-image of many drivers as lone fighters or their escape into the dream world of trucker romance.

Due to the automatic work processes in everyday working life with modern electronic technology and digital telecommunications , the BKF is required as a very well-trained skilled worker.

Professional drivers doing maintenance in 1952

History of the skilled worker profession driver

  • 1926 - the driver's occupation was only proposed as a trainee occupation by the German Committee for Technical Schools (DATSCH).
  • 1955 - Recognition of the skilled worker for drivers was rejected by the Arbeitsstelle für Betriebliche Berufsausbildung (ABB).
  • Apr. 05, 1968 - Under the social partners Bundesverband des Deutschen Güterverkehr (BDF) and the union of public services, transport and traffic (ÖTV), the will was expressed to install the professional driver as a skilled worker .
  • On October 26, 1973, vocational training as a professional driver came into force for the first time and was designed as a recognition of the driver's profession, which was written down as a law for initial training of up to two years ( Federal Law Gazette I, p. 1518 ).
  • January 1, 1974 - The beginning of the BKF training and was also laid down in the federal collective bargaining agreement - long-distance transport (BMT-Fern.).
  • 1980–1983 - Talks were held among the social partners (BDF + ötv) about a reorganization of the professional driver training profession. Agreement was reached on key values: a) three-year training, b) basic and specialist training, c) proof of qualification, d) removal of age-related restrictions, e) inter-company training. Due to the "double time" of the professional practice i. Z. m. the external examination and the new three-year training period had to be extended from four to six years for recognition of the professional status with the pension provider. The German Industry and Trade Day (DIHT) strictly rejected this regulation; the discussions were stopped.
  • February 4, 1983 - The Standing Conference (KMK) decided on a framework plan for the vocational school for the purpose of new training regulations and procedural rules. This decision could not be carried out due to the content-related coordination due to inconsistencies with the German Industry and Trade Day (DIHT).
  • July 21, 1987 - the Federal Social Court (4a RJ 39/86) classified the professional driver only as a semi-skilled worker, which meant that a professional driver who could no longer work due to health reasons was referred primarily to an activity on the general labor market before he had to be granted a disability pension. That actually meant the elimination of the possibility of receiving a disability pension and it then took another 14 years until the correct skilled worker status as a BKF was implemented.
  • February 6, 1990 - the ÖTV announced an initiative to reorganize the professional driver as skilled worker with the extension of the training to three years.
  • In April 1990 the catalog of skills and knowledge for professional drivers was presented to a commission of experts, but many questions remained open or were postponed.
  • In January 1991 the Federal Association of German Freight Transport (BDF) submitted a proposal for a three-year training course to become a BKF skilled worker.
  • November 30, 1992 - an expert commission with representatives of the Federal Ministries for Transport, Labor and Social Affairs, for Education and Science as well as for Economy, and the Federal Association of German Goods Transport (BDF), the Federal Association of the German Waste Management Industry (BDE), the Federal Association of German Bus Entrepreneurs (BDO), the German Industry and Trade Association (DIHT), the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union (ÖTV) and the Chemical-Paper-Ceramics Industry Union (IG Chemie) presented a paper on the reorganization of the professional driver skilled worker
  • On July 5, 1993, the ÖTV submitted its own proposal for professional driver training.
  • On July 13, 1993, the Federal Association of the German Waste Management Industry (BDE) submitted a revised draft for the field of waste disposal traffic at the request of the ÖTV. An initially agreed discussion between the BDE and the ÖTV was not carried out because the ÖTV did not want to include any regional training centers, no specialization in waste disposal, or any specialization in passenger transport in the training framework plan. The problem with training financing and the training collective agreement could not be resolved in consensus with the Federal Association of German Goods Transport (BDF). Due to the disagreement among those involved in the four ministries, five employers' associations and two trade unions, the consensus-finding had to be ended despite goodwill. The Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), in cooperation with the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), has prepared and organized the extension of the training to three years for professional drivers.
  • 1993 have BIBB and IAB found that 5.6 million drivers are professionally active in West Germany, under which 1.2 million motorists its work with trucks, buses, vans, etc. exercise as the main work equipment and it is currently about 600,000 just only drivers are. According to a provisional extrapolation (1993) approx. 120,000 BKF in freight and passenger transport are in the federal statistics as professional code no. - BO 714- recognized as a semi- skilled worker. This means that the trained skilled workers can be referred to the general labor market as BKF. Furthermore, it was discussed and determined: The professional driver has little leeway in his work, because the activity is regulated and characterized by repetition, and the low image only allows the driver to be a driver, as a "everyone's qualification".

In summary, it was stated: The quality requirements for professional drivers are insignificant because everything is met by the driver's license test and the subsequent work done by the driver. There is therefore no need for a professional driver for this driver activity. No further requirements are made in order to be able to accomplish this comprehensive “everyday activity”. The driver does not need any professional training, because he only does a subordinate job and will not and cannot practice the profession for long. He also has a bad, "negative image" and therefore the essential characteristics of a skilled worker are not met overall. This also results from the drop-outs of apprenticeships, which ended with 48 percent of all BKF apprenticeship contracts from 1974 onwards.

The employers in the forwarding sector let the apprentices work as warehouse workers and as shunters in the forwarding company in the first year, and as soon as the driver's license for class three (at the age of 17) was available, they were used in local freight transport. During the last year of the apprenticeship (18 years and a class II driving license) the trainees were illegally sent on tour (alone) in a 40-ton truck around the clock in long- distance freight transport .

  • At the beginning of 1996 - the responsible committee of the German Bundestag reached a cross-party agreement (two abstentions) to adopt the 12-point program for transport (BT 13/3650). Point 1 .: the requirements for access to the profession of road haulage operator and for the training of drivers must be improved.
  • January 2000 - in view of the years of negotiations and the harmonization regarding the uniform qualification of the BKF in the EU, the German collective bargaining partners, professional associations and politicians have reached an agreement by finally agreeing on a future for the driver as a skilled worker with a three-year professional training .
  • April 19, 2001 - the "Ordinance on professional training as a professional driver training ordinance - BKV" ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 642 ) was issued.
  • August 1, 2001 - The professional driver training regulations come into force
  • August 1, 2005 - The European “Directive 2003/59 / EC” of July 15, 2003 has since provided the member states of the European Union with rules for the basic qualification and advanced training of drivers of certain vehicles for freight or passenger transport. According to this, only those persons should be allowed to carry out a driver activity in commercial goods or passenger transport who have a corresponding basic qualification and further training. A refresher and refresher course should be completed every five years; this should apply to all active drivers.
  • October 1, 2006 - The German Professional Driver Qualification Act (BKrFQG) came into force , through which the European legal requirements were implemented in national law. a. the modalities for acquiring the required basic qualification within the competence of the chambers of industry and commerce. Other private training providers such as B. TÜV and Dekra approved for BKF training, but the funds u. a. For retraining have been significantly reduced, significantly fewer professional drivers are retrained or trained there.
  • In 2007, 55.1 percent of the drivers who were subject to social security contributions had completed professional driver training, which, however, was mostly only a short training course to become professional drivers.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Questionnaire (information) (PDF; 751 kB) at the Federal Office for Goods Transport .
  2. ↑ Text of the Professional Driver Qualification Act
  3. ^ Text of the professional driver qualification regulation
  4. ↑ Federal Law Gazette II No. 139/2008
  5. ↑ § 3 BKrFQG
  6. ↑ Report: Professional driver training (detailed information from BGL) (PDF; 1.3 MB)
  7. ↑ Ordinance on vocational training for professional drivers (Professional Driver Training Ordinance - BKV) of April 19, 2001 (PDF; 44 kB)
  8. ↑ The driver's license or the B + E driving license can only be acquired at the age of 17
  9. ↑ The competence of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry is based on Section 71 (2) of the Vocational Training Act
  10. ↑ Market observation of goods traffic. ( PDF ; 898 kB ) Monitoring of working conditions in freight transport and logistics 2017. In: http://www.bag.bund.de . Federal Office for Goods Transport (BAG), October 1, 2017, p. 36 , accessed on April 24, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Ordinance on the working and rest hours of professional motor vehicle drivers (Chauffeur Ordinance, ARV 1) admin.ch, accessed on January 6, 2014
  12. ↑ Ordinance on professional training for professional drivers (Professional Driver Training Ordinance - BKV) of April 19, 2001
  13. ↑ a b c Professional driver - reports on vocational training, page 39
  14. ↑ Federal collective bargaining agreement on April 5, 1968 and in force from May 1, 1968 to December 31, 1969, with the recommendation for training as a professional driver
  15. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, page 103
  16. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, page 52
  17. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, pages 40, 105
  18. ↑ Statement by the deputy ÖTV chairman Wolfgang Warburg on February 6, 1990 on professional driver training
  19. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, pages 121–129
  20. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, pp. 163–174
  21. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, pp. 55–60 + 163
  22. ↑ As of 1990, employers refused to negotiate the collective agreement regulation of training financing - magazine Lastauto Omnibus, issue 4/90, p. 57
  23. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, pages 9, 10, 15, 37
  24. ↑ In 1990 there were a total of 1.25 million drivers in the factory and trade. Freight traffic - report No. 558 of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
  25. ↑ Professional driver - reports on vocational training, pages 37, 38, 60, 66
  26. ↑ BAG - Market observation master plan for freight transport and logistics 2009, page 37 (PDF; 935 kB)