Beuronias
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Beuronia is a cultural stage between about 9600 and 7000 BC. It is therefore predominantly in the older Mesolithic Age (old Mesolithic) with transitions into the younger Mesolithic (early Mesolithic). The beuronia is divided into levels A - C.
Research history
The term was coined in 1972 by the prehistorian Wolfgang Taute . This culture was named after the place where it was found in the Jägerhaushöhle near Beuron , although the cave is located in the area of the city of Fridingen in the Tuttlingen district. For this area of distribution, Beuronia is also used synonymously for early Mesolithic.
distribution
The Beuronia can be found from Paris in the west via Hesse in the north to the Carpathians in the east and the Alps in the south. From approx. 8000 BC The Maglemose culture developed north of it and the Sauveterrien in France and Spain .
Way of life
The changes in the post-ice age ( Preboreal , from around 9,600 BC) required an adaptation to the new environmental conditions. The people of the Beuronia subsisted as hunters and gatherers , and they also increasingly caught fish. Hunting was done with lances, spears and bows and arrows. Red deer, roe deer and wild boar were preferred prey. In addition to various types of fish, mussels, bird eggs, plants and nuts were also used for nutrition. The first watercraft were found. Residential buildings were built from reeds and branches. Family graves or graves in which a mother was buried with her child were often found at burials.
Stone tools
Initially, tools were made very similar to the forms from the younger Paleolithic . Knives, scrapers and, increasingly, microliths were produced from blade chips. What is noticeable is an increase in so-called cross cutters , arrowheads, where the point looked more like a cutting edge. Discoloration and shine of many finds indicate tempering .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Siegmar von Schnurbein (Hg): Atlas of Prehistory - Europe from the first humans to the birth of Christ. Stuttgart: Theiss 2009