Blue sparkle
Blauschein is a name for work certificates that were issued to so-called “ pests of the people ” in addition to the identification card if these were essential to the war effort or indispensable due to special skills and should be excluded from the special measures .
history
The blue note was issued in Poland ( Generalgouvernement ) from September 1939 , and later in other occupied areas of the German Reich . In addition, the workers wore a triangular patch with a letter; either a “W” for Wehrmacht , “R” for armor or “Z” for civilian. The purpose was to keep the German armaments highly qualified workers for a certain period of time. Most of the blue notes were issued to Jewish engineers, technicians and craftsmen.
The designation blue sparkle only became more popular in Germany with the film Schindler's List .
literature
- Klaus L. Berghahn, Jürgen Fohrmann, Helmut J. Schneider: Cultural representations of the Holocaust in Germany and the United States, Verlag P. Lang 2002, ISBN 0-8204-5208-4 , p. 101.
- Joanna Walas-Klute, Thorsten Klute: With Tarnów, Wieliczka, Zakopane, Ojców National Park and Auschwitz. Trescher Verlag 2015, ISBN 3-89794-316-6 , p. 102.
- Nederlands Auschwitz Comité: Auschwitz Bulletin , November 1995, no. 04: "Ze heten blue card, ID card and Jewish passport." (Dutch)
- Tadeusz Pankiewicz: The pharmacy in the Krakow ghetto. Bettendorf 1995, ISBN 3-88498-058-0 .
- Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 8: Riga, Warsaw, Vaivara, Kaunas, Płaszów, Kulmhof / Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibór, Treblinka. CH Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-57237-1 , p. 237.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b David M. Crowe: Oskar Schindler: The Untold Account of His Life, Wartime Activites, and the True Story Behind the List . 2007, ISBN 978-0-465-00849-0 , pp. 178 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ David M. Crowe: Oskar Schindler - the biography . Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-8218-0759-8 .