Bogdan Filov

Bogdan Filov

Bogdan Dimitrov Filov ( Bulgarian Богдан Димитров Филов , scientific transliteration Bogdan Dimitrov Filov; born  April 9, 1883 in Stara Sagora , † February 2, 1945 in Sofia , executed ) was a Bulgarian archaeologist , chairman of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 28th Bulgarian Prime Minister In the 57th and 58th Bulgarian government from February 16, 1940 to September 9, 1943, regent of the minor heir to the throne Simeon von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha and an influential politician. He was married to folklorist Evdokia Petewa-Filowa since 1932 .

Life

After attending various schools in Karlovo and Plovdiv , Filow graduated from high school in Sofia in 1900.

As a scholarship holder of the Bulgarian Ministry of Culture, he studied in Germany, Classical Philology in Würzburg (1901) and Leipzig (1902–1903), and archeology and Roman history in Freiburg im Breisgau (1904–1906). Here he received his doctorate in 1906 under Ernst Fabricius with a dissertation The Legions of the Province of Moesia from Augustus to Diocletian . From 1906 to 1907 he was a research assistant at the National Archaeological Museum in Sofia. From 1907 to 1909 he deepened his studies on trips to Bonn , Paris and Rome . From 1908 to 1909 he worked in the manuscript department of the National Museum in Sofia, from 1909 to 1910 he was the head of the medieval and numismatic departments of the museum and from 1910 to 1920 then director of the National Museum.

He began in 1909 with the excavations in Hisar ( Chissarja ) near Plovdiv. From 1910 to 1912 he carried out excavations in the Sophienkirche in Sofia. In 1921 he began excavations in the ancient city of Kabyle (near Jambol). During the Balkan Wars he made three scientific trips to Eastern Thrace , the Aegean Sea and Macedonia .

In 1914 he received his habilitation at the University of Sofia . From 1920 to 1941 he was professor of archeology and art history there. In 1921 he became director of the newly founded Bulgarian Archaeological Institute.

From 1929 to 1931 he explored the burial mound in the village of Duwanli (near Plovdiv).

In 1931 he became a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and was its president from 1937 to 1944.

Political activity

In 1938 he became Minister for Popular Education in the government of Georgi Kjoseiwanow . In 1940 he became chairman of the Council of Ministers. On March 1, 1941, in Vienna , he signed Bulgaria's accession to the Tripartite Pact (Berlin Pact). The government he led declared war on the United States and the United Kingdom on December 12, 1941 .

As a confidante of the Bulgarian Tsar Boris III. he became Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bulgaria in 1940 . He replaced Georgi Kosseivanov. During his tenure, Bulgaria officially joined the Axis Powers , although Filov and Tsar Boris III. tried to keep Bulgaria out of the war as much as possible. He is also charged with the persecution of the Bulgarian Jews.

Filow stayed until shortly after the death of Tsar Boris III. (August 28, 1943) Prime Minister. His successor as Prime Minister was Petar Gabrowski for 5 days and then Dobri Boschilow .

He then became a member of the Council of Regents formed by the Bulgarian Parliament on September 9, 1943, which was installed because the new Tsar Simeon II was not yet of legal age. He formed the Council of Regency together with Prince Kyrill of Bulgaria (the brother of Boris III.) And the Minister of War Lieutenant General Nikola Michow .

After an armistice was agreed with the Soviet Army in 1944, the council was dissolved. The newly installed government was dominated by the communists, who - supported by the Soviet troops in Bulgaria - rejected the demand for independent elections and proclaimed the People's Republic on September 15, 1946 . In the meantime, were Filov and Prince Kiril Preslawski, eight advisers of the Czar, 22 Cabinet Ministers Filov, the successor Filows, Dobri Boschilow and Ivan Bagrjanow and 66 MPs from the People's Court on the grounds that they had pulled Bulgaria to war, to death sentenced and executed on February 2, 1945.

Scientific honors

Full member

• of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Institute, Constantinople (1910)
• of the German Archaeological Institute , Berlin (1924)
• of the Austrian Archaeological Institute , Vienna
• Founder and member of the Union of Bulgarian Scientists, Writers and Painters, Sofia (1918)

Honorary member

• of the Archaeological Society in Athens
• of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , Berlin (1943)

Corresponding member

• of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , Berlin (1938)
• of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Munich (1930)
• of the Slavic Institute N. Kondakov, Prague (1929)
• of the Hungarian Archaeological Society, Budapest
• of the Scientific Society in Göttingen (1932)
• of the Kőrösi Csoma Society, Budapest (1928)
• of the Numismatic Society, Vienna
• the Committee for Etruscan Studies, Florence
• the Byzantine Research Committee, New York

Doctor Honoris Causa

• of the University of Athens , 1937
• of the University of Berlin , 1939
• of the University of Budapest , 1941
• of the University of Padua , 1942

Fonts (selection)

See the bibliography up to 1931 in Bulletin de l'Institut Archéologique Bulgare 6, 1930-1931, pp. 241-246.

Foreign language publications

• The legions of the province of Moesia from Augustus to Diocletian ( Klio , Supplement 6), Leipzig 1906 (reprint Aalen 1963) (= dissertation)
• Eros statue from Nicopolis ad Istrum , Berlin 1910
• The Old Bulgarian Art , Haupt, Bern 1919 = Early Bulgarian Art , Haupt, Bern 1919
• L'ancien art bulgare, Librairie F. Alcan, Paris 1922
• L'art antique en Bulgarie , Sofia 1925
• The archaic necropolis of Trebenischte on Lake Ochrida, de Gruyter, Berlin 1927
• Les miniatures de la Chronique de Manassès à la Bibliothèque du Vatican (Cod. Vat. Slav. II) , Sofia 1927
• The burial mound necropolis near Duvanlij in southern Bulgaria , Sofia / Hiersemann, Leipzig 1934
• History of old Bulgarian art up to the conquest of the Bulgarian Empire by the Turks , de Gruyter, Berlin 1932
• Bulgaria's way. The foreign policy of the Bulgarian government. Bulgaria's contribution to the establishment of the new order, Hofdruckerei, Sofia 1942

Bulgarian-language publications

• Антични паметници в Народния музей, 1912
• Археологически паралели. Студии върху историята на античното изкуство в България, 1912
• Софийската църква «Св. София », Sofia, 1913 (reprint, Sofia, 2005)
• Старобьлгарското изкуство, Sofia, 1924; (Reprint, 1993)
• Миниатюрите на Манасиевата хроника във Ватиканската бибилотека, Sofia, 1927
• Старобългарска църковна архитектура, 1930
• Римското владичество в България, 1931
• Първите десетилетия на съвременното българско изкуство, Sofia, 1932
• Надгробните могили при Дуванлий в Пловдивско. При сътрудничеството на Иван Велков и Васил Миков, Sofia, 1932
• Кръглата Преславска църква и нейните предшественици, Sofia, 1933
• Софийската църква «Св. Георги », Sofia, 1933 (reprint Sofia, 2005)
• Миниатюрите на Лондонското евангелие на цар Иван Александра, Sofia, 1934
• Надгробните могили при Дуванлий в Пловдивско, 1934
• Куполните гробници при Мезек, 1937
• Идеите и делата на днешния безпартиен режим, Sofia, 1942
• Дневник / под общата редакция на Илчо Димитров / (Изд-во на Отечествения фронт), Sofia 1986; (Reprinted 1990)
• Пътувания из Тракия, Родопите и Македония - 1912-1916 / съставител Петър Петров (Унив. Изките во "Срения), Sofia 1993

literature

• Alberto Basciani: Un archeologo al servizio della monarchia bulgara. La parabola politica di Bogdan Filov (1940–1944). In: Francesco Guida (ed.): Intellettuali versus democrazia. I regimi authoritari nell'Europa sud-orientale (1933–1953) , Carocci, Rome, 2010, ISBN 978-88-430-5239-4 , pp. 111–157 ( full text ).
• Emil Ivanov : Filov, Bogdan. In: Stefan Heid , Martin Dennert (Hrsg.): Personal Lexicon for Christian Archeology . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, Vol. 1, pp. 499–501.
• W. Mitkow (Ed.): Дневник на правосъдния министър в правителствата на Георги Кьосеиванов и Богдан (уилордан),. Trud Publishing, Sofia 2001.
• Dimitar Ovtscharow : Богдан Филов и българската средновековна археология , in: Минало ІІІ, № 2, Sofia, pp. 29–33.
• E. Paunow: Кой бе Богдан Филов: Негова кратка био- и библиография, in: Анали, том I, № 1, Sofia, 1994, pp. 82–93, 4 table.
• P. Petrov: Пътуване на Богдан Филов в Македония през 1916 г. - Военно истор. сборник, 1991, № 3 [1].
• Marija Zlateva: Богдан Филов. Живот между науката и политиката (from the Bulgarian: Bogdan Filov. A life between science and politics). Alteja, Sofia 2007, ISBN 978-954-750-012-9 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Bogdan Filow in the catalog of the German National Library
• Newspaper article about Bogdan Filow in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
• Accession of Bulgaria to the Tripartite Pact

Individual evidence

1. ^ Richard J. Crampton: A concise history of Bulgaria , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, pp. 183ff.
2. ↑ See: Borislaw Gardew: 125 години от рождението на Богдан Филов (125 years since the birth of Bogdan Filow), [1] ; Bogdan Filov on rulers.org
3. ^ Bogdan Filow , Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences; Research and Progress. News bulletin of the German science and technology. Organ of the Reich Research Council 19, 1943, p. 252.
4. ^ Bogdan Filow , Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences
5. ^ Bogdan Filow , members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Bavarian Academy of Sciences

predecessor	Office	successor
Georgi Kjoseiwanow	Prime Minister of Bulgaria 1940–1943	Petar Gabrowski
Ljubomir Miletich	Chairman of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1937–1944	Dimitar Michaltschew