Bosna Railway

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Bosna Railway
Train to Sarajevo at km 217. At the front a locomotive JDŽ 189, behind it a JDŽ 73.
Train to Sarajevo at km 217. At the front a locomotive JDŽ 189 , behind it a JDŽ 73 .
Route of the Bosnabahn
Gauge : 760 mm ( Bosnian gauge )
Legend
               
by Slavonski Brod , standard gauge
               
Save (485 m)
               
0.0 Bosanski Brod 90.5  m above sea level A.
               
               
4.6 Sijekovac
               
9.3 Novo Selo
               
17.0 Han Lužan water station
               
24.0 Derventa (Dervent) 110.5 m above sea level A.
               
30.3 Donja Bilnja
               
35.7 Vrhovi 148.3 m above sea level A.
               
43.6 Kamen (quarry) 233 m above sea level A.
               
48.1 Lupljenica 265.9 m above sea level A.
               
49.0 Han Marica 271 m above sea level A.
               
53.8 Dažnica 208 m above sea level A.
               
59.9 Velika
               
65.0 Komarica 154 m above sea level A.
               
70.5 Kotorsko 127.3 m above sea level A.
               
   Standard gauge from Šamac , since 1947
               
75.4 Johovac 134.4 m above sea level A.
               
from Banja Luka
               
81.2 Rudanka 138.7 m above sea level A.
               
   Bosna
               
( Slope bridge 200 m)
               
83.1
0.0
Doboj (narrow gauge) 143 m above sea level A.
               
   Bosna (60 m)
               
   Doboj (standard gauge, since 1947)
               
85.0 Usora 145.3 m above sea level A.
               
86.3 Usora Valley Railway , Bosna (192 m)
               
7.8    Suho Polje 148 m above sea level A.
               
17.7
0
   Karanovac 156 m above sea level A.
               
6th       Gračanica
               
27.9    Petrovoselo 171 m above sea level A.
               
31.4 Spreča (46 m)
               
   Miričina 178 m above sea level A.
               
39.9    Dobošnica 179 m above sea level A.
               
44.5    Puračić- Lukavac 183 m above sea level A.
               
51.2    Bistarac 198 m above sea level A.
               
56.4    Bukinje 213 m above sea level A.
               
   from Živinice
               
   to and from Brčko
               
58.9    Ring oven Tuzla
               
   Jala (34 m)
               
59.8    Kreka
               
   Tuzla (standard gauge)
               
   Jala
               
61.9    Dolnj Tuzla (narrow gauge)
               
66.7    Simin Han 266 m above sea level A.
               
93.6 Potočani water station
               
96.9 Trbuk 160 m above sea level A.
               
100.3 Trbuk water station
               
107.6 Bosna (162 m)
               
108.5 Maglaj 175 m above sea level A.
               
121.0 Globarica 194 m above sea level A.
               
118.7 Kusače
               
Olovo
               
0.0
131.9
Zavidovići
               
Bosna
               
Bosna
               
144.5 Žepče 218 m above sea level A.
               
Bosna (112 m)
               
159.0 Begov Han from 1880
               
156.6 Golubinja water station
               
Bosna
               
167.6 Nemila 280 m above sea level A.
               
Vranduk (1532 m)
               
175.8 Vranduk
               
Bosna
               
187.5 Bosna (100 m)
               
189.6 Zenica 324.3 m above sea level A.
               
Bosna
               
Bosna
               
198.9 Janjići 337.9 m above sea level A.
               
Lašva (80 m)
               
by Jajce / Bugojno – Donji Vakuf
               
(38 m)
               
Lašva
               
208.0 Gora 362.5 m above sea level A.
               
218.5 Kakanj -Doboj 376.6 m above sea level A.
               
Bosna (160 m)
               
222.3 Čatići
               
227.9 Dobrinje 398.0 m above sea level A.
               
237.1 Visoko 416.8 m above sea level A.
               
24.7    Vareš
               
   Breza
               
Stavnja (25 m)
               
               
244.6
0.0
Podlugovi 441.5 m above sea level A.
               
251.5 Vogošća 466.7 m above sea level A.
               
253.3
0.0
Junction Montanbahn
               
Vogošća (20 m)
               
   Ljubina
               
20.5    Čevljanovići 733.8 m above sea level A.
               
≈ 24    Ivančići
               
Dvor since 1884, today Reljevo
               
261.0 Rajlovac 486.5 m above sea level A.
               
Narenta Railway , from 1966 Ploče Railway
               
263.6 Alipašin must
               
Bosnian Eastern Railway
               
268.4
0.0
Sarajevo Bosna Railway Station 527.3 m above sea level A.
               
Sarajevo tram
               
3.5 Sarajevo city train station
Lines of the Bosna Railway to Pfeuffer (1892, pages 333–338 and Plate XXVI)
and to The KK Bosna Railway in its development from 1878–1888 with the
kilometers and elevations at that time
Route profile Bosnabahn.png
Route profile of the Bosnabahn

The Imperial and Royal Bosna Railway (kkBB), in Serbo-Croatian Carevska i Kraljevska Bosanska Željeznica , was a railway company operating in Bosnia in what was then Austria-Hungary . It was founded in 1879, directed by the military administration and had its headquarters first in Derventa (Dervent) and later in Sarajevo . In 1895 the Bosnabahn was integrated into the Bosnian-Herzegovinian State Railways (BHStB).

history

The railway lines were planned for military reasons in the 19th century and initially built provisionally. The expansion to a standard gauge railway was carried out piece by piece according to economic criteria. The last narrow-gauge lines would be closed in 1975.

Trunk line

Prehistory and construction

Seal of the management of the Bosnabahn

In the Berlin Congress in 1878 Austria-Hungary was authorized to occupy and administer Bosnia and Herzegovina for an unlimited period. The peacefully planned invasion, however, turned into a three-month long loss-making campaign of occupation . In addition to the unexpected resistance, there was a lack of developed roads and traffic routes. The Austro-Hungarian Army considered the rapid development of a railway network to be absolutely necessary.

In 1878/79 the standard gauge line from Slavonski Brod to Bosanski Brod with the 485 meter long Sava Bridge was built. On July 10, 1879, the 3.6 kilometer long connecting line was opened by the Royal Hungarian State Railways .

As feared, heavy rain made the roads so soft that the carts could hardly get anywhere. In order to enable the occupying army to make efficient progress, shortly after its establishment , the War Ministry issued the railway administration with the requirement to build the Bosanski Brod - Derventa section within two months.

Construction of the field railway to Zenica

Construction of the Bosna Railway with the Žepče railway station

To enable rapid construction progress, the route was built as a simple taxiway . The track width of 760 mm enabled a route with tight curve radii and thus a cost-saving construction method. Bridges were made of wood and the tracks were partly laid directly on the ground without ballast . Despite the simple technical requirements, the construction of the railway from Bosanski Brod to Zenica was fraught with difficulties due to persistent rainfall and heavy Sava floods. The first section from Bosanski Brod to Žepče was opened on April 22, 1879, followed by the continuation from Žepče to Zenica on June 8, 1879. The building company Hügel & Sager was in operation until October 9, 1879 .

The railway system was initially only of a provisional character with a light superstructure , low-performance locomotives and small wagons without suspension and only 2 tons of loading weight. There were often derailments and train separation , which, however, never led to serious consequences due to the low speeds. For passenger traffic, open freight wagons were provided with benches and covered with canvas . The journey from Bosanski Brod to Zenica took 15 hours. After its transition to civilian operation under still military administration, the railway operated under the name kuk Bosnabahn (kkBB).

Continuation of the line to Sarajevo

Track plan of the Sarajevo train station

In the next stage of expansion, the line was extended to the capital Sarajevo. Here, considerations were already being made to build the railway in standard gauge , but this was not financially viable. After all, the substructure was designed with a minimum radius of 275 meters for standard gauge in order to simplify the subsequent gauging . The route section was built permanently from the start. Bridges with a span of more than three meters were built as iron structures and station buildings in solid construction .

Although the section Zenica - Sarajevo, which opened on October 4, 1882, belonged to the Bosnian-Herzegovinian State Railways (BHStB), the entire route was operated continuously by the Bosnian Railway. The railway officials came mainly from German Austria . As director of Bosnabahn officiated pioneer - Colonel Johann Tomaschek.

The connection of Sarajevo to the railway network immediately led to a strong improvement in traffic conditions and an economic boost.

Further development

Industry and railways in Zenica around 1900
Train ready for departure in 1947 in the Porječani siding between Kakanj and Visoko

The provisional construction made the increasing freight and passenger traffic difficult. In 1887, the heating of passenger cars with hot water bottles was replaced by steam heating . From 1882, the vehicle fleet was supplemented with more powerful rolling stock. The new three-axle passenger and freight cars, also with Klose steering axles, were characterized by their smooth running. At 10 tons, the freight wagons had the same payload as standard gauge wagons. The class IIIa4 with adjustable Klose steering axles was developed as locomotives and procured from 1885. In 1886 the seat of the administration was moved from Derventa to Sarajevo. By 1889, the superstructure was reinforced, more than 50 kilometers were re-routed and curves with a radius of less than 60 meters were stretched.

The timetables and the graduation of the fares were optimized for civilian use, and in 1884 it exceeded the military transport volume for the first time.

Today's standard gauge bridge over the Bosna near Zenica

On 27 July 1895, the Bosnabahn was BiH state administration passed and Herzegovinian Bosnian-with the state railway to the Bosnian-Herzegovinian state railway s (BHStB) combined. The period after 1900 with industrialization , the increased exploitation of natural resources and the increasing transport of timber led to more and more obstructions in the connecting station Bosanski Brod, where the goods had to be reloaded between the two gauges . In 1908 the BHStB changed its name to Bosnian-Herzegovinian State Railways (BHLB). In 1910, the route was simplified with the opening of the 1532-meter-long Vranduk Tunnel.

After the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the BHLB routes came to the Železnice Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca (SHS, Railways of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) and later to the Yugoslav State Railways (JDŽ / JŽ).

Conversion to standard gauge

In the 20th century, the Bosnabahn with its narrow gauge of 760 millimeters was no longer able to cope with the demands. In 1947, Yugoslavia converted the Sarajevo– Doboj section of the Bosna Railway to standard gauge and extended the line to Bosanski Šamac .

The narrow-gauge track from Sarajevo to Doboj remained parallel to the standard gauge until the 1970s so that the narrow-gauge vehicles could be transferred to the workshop in Sarajevo.

Branch lines

Not long after the main line through the Bosna Valley was completed, side lines were built for the needs of local industry .

Montanbahn Vogošća - Čevljanovići - Ivančići

The 24.1 kilometer long Montanbahn Vogošća - Čevljanović was opened in 1885 and was used to transport manganese ores for the account of the "Bosna Union" and to transport wood. The industrial railway belonged to the Bosnian-Herzegovinian country of arar . It was extended to Ivančići on May 15, 1894. 14 kilometers of the route were designed as an interurban tram . The engineering structures consisted of dry stone walls and wooden bridges.

Doboj - Tuzla - Simin Han

The Tuzla train station only received a modest reception building.
An identity train going to Doboj is waiting in Tuzla station.

The line, opened in 1886 as a wing runway , led from Doboj through the Spreča valley to the industrial town of Dolnj Tuzla and on to the salt pans at Simin Han. The salt works, the ring kiln of Tuzla and the brown coal mines of Kreka were connected to the railway.

Although the route belonged to the Bosnian-Herzegovinian State Railways (BHStB), it was operated by the Bosnabahn. The 6-kilometer branch line Karanovac - Gračanica was used for passenger and freight traffic in Gračanica. Most of the engineering structures were only provisional and were mostly made of wood.

As a result of the Bosnian War , rail traffic on the Doboj - Tuzla line, which was converted to standard gauge from 1947 to 1951, came to a standstill. After the division of Bosnia-Herzegovina into two entities as a result of the Dayton Treaty , the Doboj - Petrovo Novo section came to the Željeznice Republike Srpske (ŽRS) and the section in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2001 to the Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (ŽFBH) . Since 2003, a so-called identity train has been commuting between Doboj and Tuzla twice a day.

Podlugovi - Vareš cable car

Today's standard-gauge siding connects the Vareš ironworks with the Podlugovi station and is 24.7 kilometers long. It was owned by the Vareš Iron Industry Joint-Stock Company and was mainly used to transport the iron. In addition, passenger trains also ran. The company was run by the BHStB for the account of Industrie-Aktiengesellschaft.

Sarajevo horse tram

The freight cars arriving in Sarajevo were transported into the city by tram.

The Sarajevo train station, about three kilometers from the city center, was connected to the center by a horse-drawn tram in 1884 . The arriving freight wagons were transported on the tram track to the city station. However, the tram soon reached its capacity limit. It was electrified in 1895 and has been owned by the City of Sarajevo since 1897. The operation was run by the Bosnabahn and later by the BHStB for the account of the city.

Forest railways

The 118.7 km long Krivaja forest railway Zavidovići - Olovo - Kusače branches off from the main line in Zavidovići and goes up along the Krivaja River to Olovo and Kusače . The railway was owned by the Land of ärars , but leased to a company and was used exclusively for transporting wood.

The Usora Valley Railway and the Teslić Forest Railway transported wood from the extensive forests between Teslić and Banja Luka to Doboj.
→ Main article: Usora Valley Railway

Various smaller forest railways were built for the duration of the logging contracts .

Route data

In Bosanski Brod, goods were reloaded from the Bosnabahn to the Sava ships.
Initially, construction locomotives from the company Hügel & Sager, such as the "Rama" shown here, were used on the Bosnabahn in line service.
Bosanski Brod station with the impressive reception building in the background.

Track openings

The railway administration opened the following sections with Bosnian gauge :

In addition, the Bosnabahn operated the following railways, also with Bosnaspur:

  • from January 1, 1885: Sarajevo tram
  • from January 26, 1885: Vogošća - Čevljanovići
  • from April 29, 1886: Doboj - Tuzla - Simin Han (property of BHStB )

The BHStB already opened:

  • on January 14th 1898 the short stitch line Karanovac - Gračanica
  • In November 1895 the Podlugovi - Vareš line

parameter

Route section Route length Maximum slope Minimum radius
Bosanski Brod - Zenica originally 189.7 km
in 1912 185.8 km		 13.6  ‰ originally 35 m
later 60 m
Zenica - Sarajevo originally 78.6 km
in 1912 78.3 km		 8th ‰ 275 m
Montanbahn Vogošća - Čevljanovići 20.5 km 25 ‰ 40 m
Doboj - Tuzla - Simin Han 66.7 km 10 ‰ 80 m

Operational settings

Doboj was an important train station because of the branch to Tuzla.

In the course of time, operations on the narrow-gauge lines were discontinued:

  • 1945 Tuzla - Simin Han
  • November 16, 1947 (commissioning of the standard gauge line to Bosanski Šamac ): Doboj - Zenica
  • May 25, 1963: Vogošća - Ivančići
  • 1966 (start of the standard gauge line Sarajevo - Ploče ): Lašva - Sarajevo
  • November 1, 1967: Karanovac - Gračanica
  • April 1, 1968: Derventa - Doboj
  • May 26, 1969: Bosanski Brod - Derventa
  • June 1, 1975: Zenica - Lašva

Route description

The Lašva station in 1929
Sarajevo station was operated by the Bosna Railway.

Bosanski Brod , the starting point of the Bosnabahn, was connected to Slavonski Brod on the Dalj – Slavonski Brod railway line by a standard-gauge connecting line across the Sava . The Bosnabahn initially followed upstream the Save to Sijekovac and further along the Ukrina to Derventa . From there the route led through the hill country up to Vrhovi. To overcome the watershed between Save and Bosna , the railway took the help of loop loops with tight curve radii. Along the Veličanka River, the route reached the Bosna at Kotorsko, which it now followed upstream.

Shortly before Doboj the railway led with a slope bridge through a narrow valley cut in order to cross the Bosna for the first time shortly after Doboj. It now moved on the right Bosnaufer past cultivated areas and steep limestone cliffs to Trbuk and shortly before Maglaj crossed the Bosna for the second time. After Maglaj, the railway stayed on the left bank and crossed the Bosna a third time after the town of Žepče . Now the route followed the right bank of the river and reached the long rocky valley of Vranduk between densely wooded mountain ridges and numerous rocky areas. Shortly before the railway reached the fertile valley basin of Zenica , it crossed the Bosna a fourth time.

After Zenica, the route followed the left bank of the Bosna, past meadows, fields and protruding mountain ridges. After the Janjići station, it crossed the Lašva and reached the station of the same name, where the line leading into the Lašva valley to Donji Vakuf branched off. The Bosnabahn reached Kakanj -Doboj in numerous turns, only to cross the eponymous river again afterwards. The trains drove steadily uphill to Visoko and after crossing the Stavnja to Vogošća . The route initially followed the Bosna and then the Miljacka to its destination, the state capital Sarajevo .

Rolling stock

The rolling stock of the construction companies consisted of 20 Krauss type B tank locomotives . After the end of the campaign, eight powerful B + B double locomotives number 1-16 were procured from Krauss in Linz on the basis of a competition in 1881 . The machines carried 120 tons of trailer load on a 13.6 ‰ gradient , but were awkward to operate. Richard von Helmholtz , chief designer at the Krauss locomotive factory, worked with Adolf Klose to develop machines number 21–39 with inner cylinders, a Klose steering axle and a Klose support tender that reached 50 km / h and developed an output of 200  hp . The Bosnabahn and the Bosnian-Herzegovinian State Railways (BHStB) handed over 34 of these three-coupling machines to operation. To speed up passenger traffic, the Bosnabahn procured one and the BHStB seven more 1'B1 'locomotives number 41-48 with a tender in 1894 . They were the first compound machines in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Wheel alignment kkBB
no.		 Construction year Manufacturer BHStB no. from 1895
BHLB no. from 1908
SHS no. from 1918		 JDŽ no. image
B't 1-13, 15-16 1881-1883 Krauss Linz IIa2 11-23, 25-26 173-001-015 Jugoslovenske državne železnice (JDŽ) 173-005.jpg
14th IIa2 24 -
C1't 21-28 1885-1989 Krauss Linz IIIa4 201-209 189-001-109 BHStB 203 2.jpg
29-34 1890-1992 IIIa4 211-216 189-011-016
35-39 1993 IIIa4 222-226 189-022-026
1'B1 ' 201 1894 Krauss Linz IIa4 101 - KkBB IIa4 201.jpg
The two-coupler locomotives no. 1-16 were used as double locomotives . A driver and a stoker were sufficient to operate the two locomotives .
Three-axle first / second class car with a length of 8 meters. The middle wheel set was designed as a Klose leak axle, which made it easier to drive through the tight bends.
Covered freight car with a payload of 10 tons, delivered by the F. Ringhoffer wagon factory in Prague-Smichov.

literature

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c until 1918 also Bosnian Brod
  2. ↑ a b c d e only in JŽ, route profile 65 mentioned
  3. ↑ a b in JŽ, route profile 65 no longer mentioned
  4. ↑ according to JŽ, route profile 65
  5. ^ Forest railway Teslić , since 1951 standard gauge railway line Banja Luka – Doboj
  6. ↑ The Doboj station, originally located near the military supply barracks at km 81.3, was relocated in 1883 near the village of Doboj at km 83.1.
  7. ↑ The village of Usora with the station of the same name is not in the municipality of Usora (today the Federation of BiH), but in the municipality of Doboj (today the Republika Srpska)
  8. ↑ see also Vranduk railway accident on February 14, 1971
  9. ↑ Law of July 15, 1895, Reichsgesetzblatt No. 106. ( ALEX - Historical legal and legal texts online )
  10. ^ Detlef Schikorr: 04 - Historical Railway. Steam in Bosnia - Lasva – Komarpass – Donji Vakuf August 11, 1970. Turntable-online, March 20, 2008, accessed September 1, 2016 .
  11. ↑ according to Pfeuffer
  12. ↑ Otvorena Uzana Pruga Sarajevo-Bosanski Brod (opening of the railway Sarajevo-Bosanski Brod). In: historija.ba. Retrieved February 1, 2016 (Bosnian).
  13. ^ Bosnian-Herzegovinian state railways

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