Bougainvillea

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Bougainvillea
Bald triplet flower (Bougainvillea glabra)

Bald triplet flower ( Bougainvillea glabra )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Wonderflower family (Nyctaginaceae)
Genre : Bougainvillea
Scientific name
Bougainvillea
Comm. ex Juss.

The bougainvillea , also known as bougainville , bougainvillée , bougainvillier or triple flower, is a genus of plants that belongs to the family of miracle flowers (Nyctaginaceae). The 10 to 18 Bougainvillea species originally come from South America . The breeds thrive in all subtropical areas up to the southern Mediterranean area .

description

Inflorescences with three yellow bracts and three flowers with a white border of a bougainvillea variety.
Bougainvillea spectabilis
Torch Glow (Vellayani Agri. University. TVPM)

Bougainvillea species are woody plants, rarely climbing plants , mostly shrubs or small trees . The shoot axes can be hairless or hairy and often covered with spines . The alternately arranged, stalked leaves are simple with ovate to elliptical-lanceolate leaf blades . Stipules are missing.

In the lateral zymous inflorescences there are usually only three flowers and three large, conspicuously colored bracts . The midrib of the egg-shaped bract is fused with the flower stalk. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The five to six bracts are fused funnel-shaped. The cross-section of the tube is round or pentagonal. The hem is narrow and consists of five to six short tips that are folded inward and fanned.

The five to ten stamens do not protrude from the flower tube. The hair -shaped , somewhat unevenly long stamens are fused at the base and widened in a wedge shape there. The anthers are growing in pairs. The ovary is stalked, spindle-shaped and slightly depressed on the sides. The stylus , which does not protrude beyond the flower tube, is short, thread-shaped and straight or slightly curved and is at least partially covered with papillae .

The fruit cluster called anthocarp is spindle-shaped, membranous and five-ribbed. The embryo in the semen is hook-shaped.

Name, system and distribution

The genus Bougainvillea was established in 1789 by Philibert Commerson in Antoine Laurent de Jussieu : Genera Plantarum , p. 91; the name honors the French navigator and " explorer " Louis Antoine de Bougainville , after whom the island of Bougainville (Solomon Islands) is named. In the course of his circumnavigation of the world in 1766/69, however, Commerson's companion and secret lover Jeanne Baret “discovered” a plant of the genus in South America on the edge of Rio de Janeiro .

A synonym for Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss. is Tricycla Cav. ; the South American distribution area of ​​the genus extends from the Ecuadorian Andes to central Brazil .

The species was introduced in Europe from Egypt by the internationally successful and award-winning German master gardener and breeder Karl Ruser .

There are 10 to 15 or up to 18 species of bougainvillea :

There are also hybrids that involve both Bougainvillea glabra and Bougainvillea spectabilis .

use

They are often used as ornamental plants because of their brightly colored bracts and their ability to grow over walls and fences . Three of the 18 species of the genus are found in culture, of which there are some varieties. Cultivated species include Bougainvillea glabra , Bougainvillea spectabilis , Bougainvillea peruviana and their hybrids.

supporting documents

literature

  • Bougainvillea. In: Paul C. Standley, Julian A. Steyermark and others: Flora of Guatemala (= Fieldiana. Botany. Vol. 24, No. 4, ISSN  0015-0746 ). Volume 1. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL 1946, ZDB -ID 842102-x , pp. 179-181.
  • Dequan Lu, Michael G. Gilbert: Nyctaginaceae. : Bougainvillea , p. 431 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bougainvillea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 17, 2014.
  2. ↑ deutschlandfunk.de , calendar sheet , March 22, 2017, Irene Meichsner : Jeanne Baret, who sailed around the world (March 23, 2017)
  3. ^ A b Bougainvillea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  4. ↑ Sigrid Umiger: badische-zeitung.de: "My grandfather only lived for his flowers" . Badische Zeitung , November 21, 2014
  5. ↑ a b c W. D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool, OM Montiel, 2001: Bougainvillea at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ^ Dequan Lu, Michael G. Gilbert: Nyctaginaceae. : Bougainvillea , p. 431 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Bougainvillea at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Bougainvillea at Tropicos.org. In: Bolivia Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaela C. Forzza: Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil : Enter taxon in search mask ( memento of the original from March 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2010/2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / reflora.jbrj.gov.br
  10. ↑ a b Bougainvillea at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  11. ↑ a b Bougainvillea at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  12. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 . Bougainvillea pp. 148-149

further reading

  • Jan Iredell: Growing Bougainvilleas . Cassell Publishers Limited, London 1995.

Web links

Wiktionary: Bougainvillea  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Bougainvillea  - collection of images, videos and audio files