Bowl Championship Series
The Bowl Championship Series (BCS) in college football , the university's operation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in American football in the United States , was a series of five games that took place after the end of the regular season. Eight teams were invited to four of these games, the so-called BCS Bowl Games ( Fiesta Bowl , Orange Bowl , Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl ), according to a fixed allocation system. The six winners of the so-called BCS Conferences , a selection from the eleven regional relays ( conferences ) of the Bowl Subdivision , which in turn is part of the top division in college football known as Division I, had a guaranteed right to participate . In addition, there were two other teams that were selected from all eleven seasons of the Bowl subdivision , among other things because of their season balance and their placement in a ranking that resulted from several computer calculations and surveys. The fifth match was played between the two best teams in the ranking and served as the BCS National Championship Game to determine the national champion ( National Champion ).
The Bowl Championship Series was established with the 1998/1999 season in succession to the Bowl Alliance , which was carried out from 1995 to 1997, and the Bowl Coalition , which existed from 1992 to 1994 . The aim of the BCS and its predecessors was to introduce a way to determine the national champion through a final game, as a replacement for the previously purely ranking-based award of the national champion title. The bowl games, some of which have been played for almost 100 years, should be retained and a small selection of these games should be upgraded in order to integrate the National Championship Game into this traditional post season . For the 2006/2007 season, the National Championship Game was introduced as an independent game, after one of the four BCS Bowl games was also the National Championship Game in the previous years. The hosting of the BCS ended after the corresponding television and advertising contracts expired after the 2013/2014 season. As a replacement, a four-team play-off system was introduced with the College Football Playoff , in which the two semi-finals are held between six bowl games.
The Bowl Championship Series
The games of the BCS
The Bowl Championship Series consisted of five games. Four of these games were so-called bowls , i.e. games for a trophy that are played after the end of the regular season. These games included the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , which has been held since 1916 , the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans , which has been held since 1935, the Orange Bowl in Miami , which has also been held since 1935, and the Fiesta Bowl in Glendale, which has been held since 1971 . Since the establishment of the BCS with the 1998/1999 season, it was a fixed selection from all bowl games played, of which there are currently more than 35. The four bowl games played as part of the BCS are among the oldest and most traditional bowl games and have a significantly higher prestige than the other bowl games. The guaranteed payout ( team payout ) of around 17 to 18 million US dollars for each of the teams involved was a multiple of the sums for the other bowl games. Because the US university sport athletes while perks like scholarships ( Athletic scholarship ) or a remission of tuition fees received, but no salary as a professional athlete, flow proceeds from Bowl games sports programs of the participating universities. In most conferences, part of the income from bowl games is also shared between all universities, including those that have not qualified for a bowl game.
Until the 2005/2006 season was one of the four BCS bowl game at the same time, the BCS National Championship Game , where the national champion ( National Champion ) the Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division IA), the top division in college football, is determined. The assignment of the National Championship Game rotated between the four games. From the 2006/2007 season, in addition to these four BCS bowl games, a fifth game was played as a National Championship Game. The winner of the National Championship game was, as before the introduction of the Bowl Championship Series determined only by the ranking champions of the IA Division, the since 1959 by the National Football Foundation awarded MacArthur Bowl and additionally since 1986 awarded National Championship Trophy of American Football Coaches Association . In contrast to the Football Championship Subdivision (formerly Division I-AA), Division II and Division III, the NCAA does not determine an official national champion in the Bowl Subdivision .
The four bowl games of the BCS took place immediately after the turn of the year, usually from January 1st to 4th. The additionally introduced National Championship Game was played a week after the first BCS Bowl game, usually on January 8th. The location of the National Championship Game rotated between the four cities that hosted the BCS Bowl Games. The same applied to the assignment of the main sponsor, who changed annually between the four sponsors of the BCS bowl games. Responsible for the implementation of the Bowl Championship Series Commissioners (were commissioners ) of the eleven conferences in the Bowl Subdivision, the sports director of the University of Notre Dame and representatives of the organizers of the Bowl games involved four. Neither the NCAA nor any other central organization was responsible for carrying out the BCS. From a legal point of view, the BCS was based on a series of contracts between the conferences and the organizers of the bowl games as well as the media companies and sponsors involved.
Due to their prestige and the strong interest of the media and the public, the games of the Bowl Championship Series were a special opportunity for the players involved to present themselves to interested teams from the professional sector, i.e. the National Football League (NFL). After each of the Bowl games, a player as "wertvollster Player" (is usually most valuable player , MVP) award. In the Fiesta Bowl this award is given to two players, one each from the attacking area ( offensive MVP ) and one from the defense ( defensive MVP ). These titles, along with others such as the “Player of the Year” trophies ( Heisman Trophy , Maxwell Award and Walter Camp Award) and the awards for the best player of the year in the individual team positions and in the individual conferences, are of great importance to the Player with a view to a future professional career.
The BCS games were usually sold out. The number of visitors per game was around 70,000 to 75,000, in the Rose Bowl even over 90,000. The popularity for visitors was comparable to the Super Bowl , the final game of the NFL. The audience rating for television coverage was 15 to 20 percent for the National Championship Game and 10 to 15 percent for the other BCS Bowl games, roughly half to a third of the values for the Super Bowl. The television rights for the Sugar Bowl, the Orange Bowl, the Fiesta Bowl and the Rose Bowl belonged to the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) until 2006 . For the period from 2006 to 2010, the games, with the exception of Rose Bowl, which continued to air on ABC, were broadcast by FOX for an amount of $ 20 million per game . The prices for television commercials during the live broadcast by FOX were $ 500,000 for 30 seconds of airtime and $ 900,000 for the National Championship Game. From 2010 to 2014, the BCS games were exploited on television, radio and the Internet by the sports broadcaster ESPN . During this time, the ABC had the rights to the Rose Bowl and in 2014 also to the BCS National Championship Game and paid around 300 million US dollars for the period from 2007 to 2014. In Europe, the BCS games were marketed through ESPN America . The economic impact of the Bowl Championship Series on the four cities that host the Games has been estimated to be more than $ 1.2 billion per year.
Selection of teams
The winners of six selected regional seasons, the so-called BCS Conferences , had a guaranteed right to participate in one of the four BCS Bowl games in each season ( annual automatic berth ) . These include the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), the Big 12 Conference (Big 12), the Big East Conference (Big East, from 2013 American Athletic Conference ), the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten), the Pacific-12 Conference ( Pac-12, until 2011 Pacific-10 Conference ) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). For five of these teams their participation in the respective games was contractually fixed ( tie-in ): The winners of the Big Ten and Pac-12 competed against each other in the Rose Bowl, the winner of the Big 12 played in the Fiesta Bowl, the winner of the ACC in the Orange Bowl and the winner of the SEC in the Sugar Bowl. The winner of the Big East Conference, however, was not tied to any of the four games.
For the National Championship Game, the two teams were set that, after the end of the regular season, took the first two places in a ranking based on a combined evaluation of several computer calculations and surveys. If one of the six teams seeded for the four BCS bowl games qualified for the National Championship Game, their place in the bowl game was assigned to another team. Before the introduction of the additional National Championship Game, the top two teams played in one of the four BCS bowl games. In the year in which a BCS bowl had the status of the National Championship Game, existing tie-in connections of certain conferences to this game did not apply.
The selection of the teams for the starting places remaining after the seeded participants was made according to a complicated set of rules. Depending on their ranking position, their position in their own conference after the end of the regular season and the number of games won, some teams were initially able to qualify automatically ( automatic berth ). The best-placed winner in the ranking from one of the five relays not belonging to the BCS Conferences - Conference USA , Sun Belt Conference , Mid-American Conference , Mountain West Conference and Western Athletic Conference - automatically took part in the BCS Bowl games, provided that the team was at least twelfth in the ranking, or if it was at least 16th and was better placed than one of the six winners of the BCS Conferences.
The first team from a non-BCS Conference that could qualify for a BCS Bowl game were the Utah Utes of the University of Utah from the Mountain West Conference, who won after an undefeated 2004/2005 season (12-0) Got a starting place in the Fiesta Bowl and won the game. In the 2006/2007 season, the team from Boise State University ( Boise State Broncos ) succeeded as the second team from a non-BCS Conference, after an unbeaten season (12-0) in the Western Athletic Conference, also for the Fiesta Bowl to qualify. It was the first team to benefit from rule changes after the 2004/2005 season. In addition to the introduction of the National Championship Game as the fifth game and thus the freeing up of two starting places in the other four BCS Bowl games, the minimum placement that the best-placed winner of a Non-BCS Conference had to achieve for a BCS Bowl participation was from sixth reduced to twelfth place. Both innovations resulted from calls by the conferences not participating in the BCS to improve the prospects for their teams to participate in the BCS bowl games.
In the 2007/2008 season, the Hawaii Warriors playing in the Western Athletic Conference from the University of Hawaii at Manoa qualified for the Sugar Bowl after a 12-0 season, making them the third team from a non-BCS Conference in a BCS Bowl game. A year later, the Utah Utes succeeded after an undefeated season as the first team from a non-BCS Conference for the second time to qualify for a BCS Bowl game. For the Fiesta Bowl 2010, with the TCU Horned Frogs of Texas Christian University and the Boise State Broncos , who both qualified after a season without defeat, two teams from non-BCS conferences were selected for the first time in the history of the BCS. In the 2010/201 season, the TCU Horned Frogs qualified for the Rose Bowl. The last team from a non-BCS conference in a BCS bowl game were the Northern Illinois Huskies from Northern Illinois University in the 2012/2013 season .
The team of the University of Notre Dame ( Notre Dame Fighting Irish ), which does not belong to any conference and thus takes part in the regular season as an independent team, was automatically given a place in a BCS Bowl game if it reached at least eighth place in the ranking . Other independent teams, including the BYU Cougars of Brigham Young University , the Army Black Knights of the United States Military Academy and the Navy Midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy while the BCS was in existence , could only win one of the first two places in the Ranking secure a guaranteed starting place for the National Championship Game. However, regardless of their seasonal record or ranking, they were not automatically entitled to participate in any of the four other BCS Bowl games.
Any remaining free places were then initially automatically assigned to the teams placed third and fourth in the ranking if they belonged to a BCS Conference and had not already automatically qualified as conference winners. If there were still places free after this allocation, the further occupation was largely free ( at-large berths ) by a committee for each of the BCS games. Teams from all conferences as well as the independent teams were taken into account if they either occupied at least 14th place in the ranking and had won at least nine games against teams in the Bowl Subdivision in the regular season. Alternatively, teams could also be selected that were winners of a non-BCS conference and had achieved at least 12th or 16th place in the ranking, but were not automatically qualified as the best-placed winners of a non-BCS conference in the ranking. Another important rule was that no more than two teams from any conference participated in the BCS games.
The media effectiveness with regard to the attractiveness for the television audience and thus the commercial marketing was also relevant for the occupation of the free places and the scheduling of the games. Selection criteria that were not set by rules were, for example, the popularity of some teams with the fans, the distance between the teams and the venue and thus the travel expenses for the fans, or a traditional rivalry between two specific teams. If it was possible according to the rules mentioned, games between teams that had already played against each other in the regular season or in BCS Bowl games of the previous season were avoided, as was the participation of a team in the same BCS Bowl game in two consecutive years. During the existence of the Bowl Championship Series, decisions regarding the selection of teams and the scheduling of individual games were criticized by the media and fans on several occasions.
Ranking
The ranking, according to which the places in the five BCS games were allocated, resulted from a combined evaluation of several different computer-based calculations of certain performance parameters as well as a series of surveys among coaches and former players of the NCAA teams as well as selected media commentators and other experts. Since each team plays between ten and 13 games per season, both within their respective conference and against teams from other conferences, the strength of the opposing teams was also taken into account. For one team, the results that were achieved by the opposing teams in the regular season were included in the ranking evaluation. The formulas for calculating the ranking have been modified several times since the BCS was founded. For example, changes have been introduced that give more consideration to the victories of a team against well-placed teams, but the weighting of high wins has been reduced.
In addition, after the 2004/2005 season, the survey carried out by the news agency Associated Press (AP) among sports reporters was removed from the calculation of the BCS ranking at the request of the AP and replaced by a newly created survey by the market research company Harris Interactive . With its survey, which has been carried out since 1934, the AP determines its own national champion independently of the BCS. Since the introduction of the BCS, there has been a controversy in this regard in 2003, when the team from Louisiana State University won the National Championship Game and thus the coaches poll , while the team from the University of Southern California was named national champions by the AP .
Criticism of the BCS
Advantages and disadvantages
The BCS system has been the subject of controversy among professionals, sports commentators and fans since its inception. The main point of criticism was the selection of the teams for the National Championship Game based on the ranking. As survey data were also taken into account in this evaluation, the results of the ranking were in part subjective. In addition, it happened several times that more than two teams could show a comparable match record at the end of the regular season. In the 2003/2004 season there were five teams with only one defeat at the end of the season and no undefeated team. In the following season, there were five undefeated teams after the end of the regular schedule. Of the five teams in each of the two seasons, however, only two could take part in the National Championship Game based on the ranking. Another problem with the surveys was potential conflicts of interest when voting for the trainers involved. Since the coaches directly decided with their vote about the possible participation of their own team or the teams from their own conference in the games of the Bowl Championship Series, they also had an influence on the distribution of the high prize money associated with the games and in this way too indirectly on the economic and sporting prospects of the teams in the following years.
The BCS was also criticized for preferring the six BCS Conferences over the five Conferences that did not belong to the BCS. During the existence of the BCS, several teams from non-BCS Conferences managed an unbeaten season without qualifying for the National Championship Game. Only five teams from non-BCS conferences were selected for a BCS bowl game. This disadvantage led, among other things, to the change of some teams from Non-BCS Conferences to BCS Conferences. As a counter-argument, it was cited that the teams in the conferences that were not part of the BCS had an easier game schedule and would also have had the opportunity to adjust their ranking and thus their chances of participating in a BCS game by including games against stronger teams improve the BCS Conferences in their schedule. In addition, the chances for teams from non-BCS conferences to qualify for a BCS bowl game were improved by rule changes after the 2004/2005 season. However, plans to make the automatic qualification dependent on mathematically determined parameters for the performance of the conferences and, if necessary, to change the selection of the BCS conferences, were not implemented due to the discontinuation of the BCS. The Mountain West Conference would have had the best chance of such a status change due to the success of the Utah Utes and the TCU Horned Frogs .
From the point of view of its supporters, the BCS system was supported by the fact that with the BCS the introduction of a “real” final game for the state championship was successful. In comparison, in the 57 years from 1936 to 1992, the year the Bowl Coalition was introduced as the forerunner of the BCS, the two highest ranking teams played against each other in a bowl game only eight times. Another argument in favor of the BCS system was that it would lead to a stronger motivation of the teams until the last game of the regular season. According to the proponents, this has made the main season in college football, which has relatively few games compared to other sports, more attractive for players and fans. This was justified by the fact that a single defeat reduced the chances of participating in the National Championship Game significantly. In addition to the games played by their own team, the fans were also interested in many games in other conferences, since their results also had an impact on the post-season structure of their own team. This would have had a positive impact on audience ratings for many games.
Discussion of a play-off mode
A controversy that already existed before the introduction of the Bowl Championship Series was the dispute over the introduction of a play-off system to determine the national champion of the Bowl Subdivision, comparable to the Football Championship Subdivision, Divisions II and III as well as the professional area in the National Football League (NFL). The most important argument against such a mode was that a team could spare itself in the last games of the main season if they had qualified early for a place in the play-off games. According to the critics of a play-off system, this would have made the main season less attractive. In addition, in a play-off system, strong teams could have been eliminated early due to a single defeat in a play-off game, which could have resulted in a weaker final game. Also, the higher number of games that would result in a play-off system in both the regular season and the postseason was seen as a disadvantage with regard to the university obligations of the players.
The bowl games also have a tradition that goes back several decades and goes back well before the introduction of the BCS and is considered by many fans and officials to be worth preserving. This applies in particular to the Pac-12 and Big Ten conferences involved in the Rose Bowl, whose officials and university presidents were particularly opposed to a play-off system. The reason for this was fears that the prestige of this game, which exists due to its almost one hundred year history, could be devalued by a play-off system. A special advantage of the bowl games is also stated that by concentrating on a single game in the postseason, its identifying effect between the team, fans and university is significantly higher than with a play-off system comprising several games. The bowl games usually involve trips of several days and an extensive supporting program for the teams and fans. In this context, reference is also made to charitable activities in connection with the bowl games. For example, the players visit children's hospitals, the teams donate ticket contingents and travel expenses to socially disadvantaged families, and large amounts are paid by sponsors for charitable purposes. These are the main reasons given for the introduction of a large number of new bowl games since around 1990. In this context, the Bowl Championship Series also served to upgrade a small selection from the currently more than 35 bowl games.
Due to several controversies in the selection of the teams for the BCS National Championship Game, after the end of the 2013/2014 season, a so- called College Football Playoff (CFP) was finally developed into a so-called plus-one model with a minimal playoff system in the bowl -Games integrated, introduced as the successor to the Bowl Championship Series. As part of this new system, the four teams that are best placed in the ranking after the regular season will play against each other in two bowl games. The winners of these games then play the National Championship Game. The six bowl games in which the CFP semi-finals are played on a rotating basis include the previous four BCS bowl games, the Cotton Bowl and the Peach Bowl , both of which have a similar long tradition as the other four games.
history
Forerunner of the BCS
The predecessor of the Bowl Championship Series was the Bowl Coalition in the 1992/1993, 1993/1994 and 1994/1995 seasons . This was introduced after there was a division of the national championship title between two teams in the previously purely ranking-based award system in 1990 and 1991 due to differences between different surveys. The Bowl Coalition consisted of four bowl games, namely the Orange Bowl, the Sugar Bowl, the Cotton Bowl and the Fiesta Bowl. The determination of one of these four games as the National Championship Game resulted from the conference membership of the two top-ranked teams and the ties of certain conferences to a certain bowl game: the winner of the Big Eight Conference (Big 8) played in the Orange Bowl, the winner of the SEC in the Sugar Bowl and the winner of the Southwest Conference (SWC) in the Cotton Bowl, which existed until 1996 . Today's Big 12 Conference emerged from the Big 8 by adding four former SWC teams.
The winners of the SEC, the Big 8, the ACC, the Big East and the SWC were eligible for the Bowl Coalition games. There were also three additional teams, either the next-placed teams from the Big 8, the ACC, the Big East and the SWC or a team from the Pac-10. The problem with the Bowl Coalition system was the contractual commitment of the Pac-10 winner and the winner of the Big Ten not participating in the Bowl Coalition to the Rose Bowl, which was not part of the Bowl Coalition game series. This resulted in the situation in the 1994/1995 season that the Penn State Nittany Lions of Pennsylvania State University did not take part in the National Championship Game as winners of the Big Ten and second-placed team in the ranking. Instead, the third-placed team from the University of Miami played against the best in the ranking from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln ( Nebraska Cornhuskers ) in the Orange Bowl for the national championship title.
Although the Bowl Coalition was contracted for a term of nine years, the system was revised due to the controversy over the National Championship Game 1994/1995. In addition, a number of contractual ties between certain conferences and individual bowl games expired in 1995, thus eliminating an important disadvantage of the Bowl Coalition. The new design created the Bowl Alliance , which existed in the 1995/1996, 1996/1997 and 1997/1998 playing years. The Bowl Alliance consisted of three games, namely the Orange Bowl, the Fiesta Bowl and the Sugar Bowl. The assignment of the National Championship Game changed annually between these three games. The four seeded teams in this system were the winners of the SEC, the Big 12, the ACC and the Big East, to which two other teams were additionally selected. None of the Conference winners were contractually bound to any of the three Bowl Alliance games. With the addition of the Big Ten and Pac-10 and the addition of the Rose Bowl, the Bowl Alliance became the Bowl Championship Series for the 1998/1999 season.
winner
The Ohio State University ( Ohio State Buckeyes ) team with ten participations, followed by the University of Oklahoma ( Oklahoma Sooners ) with nine and Florida State University ( Florida State Seminoles ) with eight participations, were most involved in BCS bowl games . The USC Trojans and Ohio State Buckeyes won the most BCS Bowl games with six wins each, followed by the University of Florida ( Florida Gators ) team with five and the Louisiana State University ( LSU Tigers ) and University of teams Oklahoma ( Oklahoma Sooners ) with four wins each. The Utah Utes of the University of Utah and the Boise State Broncos of the Boise State University were the most successful teams from the Non-BCS Conferences with two wins each.
The University of Alabama ( Alabama Crimson Tide ) team managed to win the BCS National Championship Game for two consecutive years as part of the Bowl Championship Series. The USC Trojans achieved three consecutive victories in BCS Bowl games by winning the Orange Bowl in 2003, the Rose Bowl in 2004 and the Orange Bowl in 2005 and the Rose Bowl in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Teams with two consecutive BCS bowls -Winners are the Wisconsin Badgers of the University of Wisconsin – Madison (Rose Bowl 1999 and 2000), the Miami FL Hurricanes of the University of Miami (Sugar Bowl 2001, Rose Bowl 2002), the Ohio State Buckeyes (Fiesta Bowl 2003 and 2004 and Rose Bowl 2010 and Sugar Bowl 2011), the Texas Longhorns from the University of Texas at Austin (Rose Bowl 2005 and 2006), the LSU Tigers from Louisiana State University (Sugar Bowl 2007 and BCS National Championship Game 2008) and the Florida Gators from the University of Florida (BCS National Championship Game 2009 and Sugar Bowl 2010).
The fixtures and winners of the Bowl Championship Series and its predecessors were (the respective BCS National Championship Game is marked in blue):
| Bowl Coalition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| season | Fiesta Bowl | Sugar bowl | Orange Bowl | Cotton Bowl |
| 1992/1993 |
Syracuse 26 Colorado 22 |
Alabama 34 Miami 13 |
Florida State 27 Nebraska 14 |
Notre Dame 28 Texas A&M 3 |
| 1993/1994 |
Arizona 29 Miami 0 |
Florida 41 West Virginia 7 |
Florida State 18 Nebraska 16 |
Notre Dame 24 Texas A&M 21 |
| 1994/1995 |
Colorado 41 Notre Dame 24 |
Florida State 23 Florida 17 |
Nebraska 24 Miami 17 |
USC 55 Texas Tech 14 |
| Bowl Alliance | ||||
| season | Fiesta Bowl | Sugar bowl | Orange Bowl | |
| 1995/1996 |
Nebraska 62 Florida 24 |
Virginia Tech 28 Texas 10 |
Florida State 31 Notre Dame 26 |
|
| 1996/1997 |
Penn State 38 Texas 15 |
Florida 52 Florida State 20 |
Nebraska 41 Virginia Tech 21 |
|
| 1997/1998 |
Kansas State 35 Syracuse 18 |
Florida State 31 Ohio State 14 |
Nebraska 42 Tennessee 17th |
|
| Bowl Championship Series | ||||
| season | Fiesta Bowl | Sugar bowl | Orange Bowl | Rose Bowl |
| 1998/1999 |
Tennessee 23 Florida State 16 |
Ohio State 24 Texas A&M 14 |
Florida 31 Syracuse 10 |
Wisconsin 38 UCLA 31 |
| 1999/2000 |
Nebraska 31 Tennessee 21 |
Florida State 46 Virginia Tech 29 |
Michigan 35 Alabama 34 |
Wisconsin 17 Stanford 9th |
| 2000/2001 |
Oregon State 41 Notre Dame 9 |
Miami 37 Florida 20 |
Oklahoma 13 Florida State 2 |
Washington 34 Purdue 24 |
| 2001/2002 |
Oregon 38 Colorado 16 |
Louisiana State 47 Illinois 34 |
Florida 56 Maryland 23 |
Miami 37 Nebraska 14 |
| 2002/2003 |
Ohio State 31 Miami 24 |
Georgia 26 Florida State 13 |
USC 38 Iowa 17 |
Oklahoma 34 Washington State 14 |
| 2003/2004 |
Ohio State 35 Kansas State 28 |
Louisiana State 21 Oklahoma 14 |
Miami 16 Florida State 14 |
USC 28 Michigan 14 |
| 2004/2005 |
Utah 35 Pittsburgh 7 |
Auburn 16 Virginia Tech 13 |
USC 55 Oklahoma 19th |
Texas 38 Michigan 37 |
| 2005/2006 |
Ohio State 34 Notre Dame 20 |
West Virginia 38 Georgia 35 |
Penn State 26 Florida State 23 |
Texas 41 USC 38 |
| Introduction of an additional game as a National Championship Game | ||||
| 2006/2007 |
Boise State 43 Oklahoma 42 |
Louisiana State 41 Notre Dame 14 |
Louisville 24 Wake Forest 13 |
USC 32 Michigan 18 |
|
Florida 41 Ohio State 14 |
||||
| 2007/2008 |
West Virginia 48 Oklahoma 28 |
Georgia 41 Hawaii 10 |
Kansas 24 Virginia Tech 21 |
USC 49 Illinois 17 |
|
Louisiana State 38 Ohio State 24 |
||||
| 2008/2009 |
Texas 24 Ohio State 21 |
Utah 31 Alabama 17 |
Virginia Tech 20 Cincinnati 7 |
USC 38 Penn State 24 |
|
Florida 24 Oklahoma 14 |
||||
| 2009/2010 |
Boise State 17 TCU 10 |
Florida 51 Cincinnati 24 |
Iowa 24 Georgia Tech 14 |
Ohio State 26 Oregon 17 |
|
Alabama 37 Texas 21 |
||||
| 2010/2011 |
Oklahoma 48 Connecticut 20 |
Ohio State 31 Arkansas 26 |
Stanford 40 Virginia Tech 12 |
TCU 21 Wisconsin 19th |
|
Auburn 22 Oregon 19 |
||||
| 2011/2012 |
Oklahoma State 41 Stanford 38 |
Michigan 23 Virginia Tech 20 |
West Virginia 70 Clemson 33 |
Oregon 45 Wisconsin 38 |
|
Alabama 21 Louisiana State 0 |
||||
| 2012/2013 |
Oregon 35 Kansas State 17 |
Louisville 33 Florida 23 |
Florida State 31 Northern Illinois 10 |
Stanford 20 Wisconsin 14 |
|
Alabama 42 Notre Dame 14 |
||||
| 2013/2014 |
Central Florida 52 Baylor 42 |
Oklahoma 45 Alabama Dec. |
Clemson 40 Ohio State 35 |
Michigan State 24 Stanford 20 |
|
Florida State 34 Auburn 31 |
||||
literature
- One Nation, Under the BCS. In: Steward Almond: Bowls, Polls & Tattered Souls. Tackling the Chaos and Controversy that Reigns over College Football. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-37355-2 , pp. 9-34.
- The Bowl Championship Series. In: Brad R. Humphreys, Dennis Ramsay Howard: The Business of Sports: Perspectives on the Sports Industry. Praeger, Westport 2008, ISBN 978-0-275-99341-2 , pp. 171-173.
- Bowl Games. In: Edward J. Rielly: Football: An Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln 2009, ISBN 978-0-8032-9012-9 , pp. 37–41 (for the Bowl Championship Series, see in particular pp. 39/40)
- The BCS and College Football for the New Century. In: Michael Oriard: Bowled Over: Big-Time College Football from the Sixties to the BCS Era. University of North Carolina Press Press, Chapel Hill 2009, ISBN 978-0-8078-3329-2 , pp. 161-190.
- Dan Wetzel, Josh Peter, Jeff Passan: Death to the BCS: The Definitive Case Against the Bowl Championship Series. Gotham Books, New York 2010, ISBN 978-1-59240-570-1 .
- Bowl Games and the National Championship. In: Adam Augustyn: The Britannica Guide to Football. The Rosen Publishing Group, New York 2011, ISBN 978-1-61530-524-7 , pp. 31-34.
- Chad Seifried: Bowl Championship Series. In: Murry R. Nelson: American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. Greenwood, Santa Barbara 2013, ISBN 978-0-313-39753-0 , Volume 1, pp. 170-175.
- Bowl Championship Series. In: John Grasso: Historical Dictionary of Football. Scarecrow Press, Lanham MD 2013, ISBN 978-0-8108-7857-0 , pp. 55/56.
Web links
- BCS Football Official Website of the Bowl Championship Series
- NCAA College Football (English)
- BCS Resource Center facts and figures about the Bowl Championship Series
