Bryansk

Bryansk
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: Roshydromet

Federal district	Central Russia
Oblast	Bryansk
Urban district	Bryansk
Inner structure	4 city rajons
mayor	Nikolai Patov
Founded	985
Earlier names	Debryansk
surface	186 km²
population	415,721 inhabitants ; (as of Oct. 14, 2010)
Population density	2235 inhabitants / km²
Height of the center	190 m
Time zone	UTC + 3
Telephone code	(+7) 4832
Post Code	241000-241047
License Plate	32
OKATO	15 401
Website	admin.bryansk.ru
Geographical location
Coordinates	53 ° 15 ' N , 34 ° 22' E Coordinates: 53 ° 15 '0 " N , 34 ° 22' 0" E
	Location in the western part of Russia
	Location in Bryansk Oblast
	List of cities in Russia

Brjansk ( Russian Брянск ) is a city and administrative center of the oblast of the same name in Russia , around 380 km southwest of Moscow . The city has 415,721 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) and is located on the Desna River . The name is derived from the Slavic word for thicket, debr (in modern Russian дебри , debry ; originally the city was mentioned as Debrjansk ).

history

Bryansk was probably founded in 985 under Prince Vladimir I of Kiev as a mission and defense outpost on the right bank of the Desna and was first mentioned in a chronicle in 1146. The original city name "Debrjansk" was derived from the Russian Debri, which stands for thicket and dense forest . In the 13th century it became independent and was the prince and bishop's seat of the Principality of Bryansk . The invasion of the Golden Horde led to its decline. From 1356 Brjansk was under Lithuanian rule . In 1503 the city came to the Moscow Empire .

In the 17th century, Bryansk developed into an important fortress and trading town with major annual fairs. From 1709, Bryansk belonged to the Kiev governorate , from 1778 to Orlov . With a decree of Tsar Peter the Great , the first shipyard for the construction of the Black Sea Fleet was established. The wars against the Ottoman Empire with the Azov campaigns and against Sweden in the Great Northern War brought a renewed upswing for Bryansk. In 1788 an arms factory for artillery was opened. Napoleon Bonaparte tried several times in 1812 to conquer the strategically important city, but failed. In the 19th century, Bryansk developed into an industrial center with rail rolling and ironworks, mechanical engineering, as well as textile factories and ropes.

After the October Revolution , new industrial companies were added, power stations and railway factories were built.

From October 6, 1941 to September 17, 1943, Bryansk was occupied by the German army after the double battles of Vyazma and Bryansk . The forests of the region were one of the main areas of action of the partisans in Russia during the occupation . Around 60,000 partisans were temporarily active in this area. From the beginning of 1942 the partisans controlled a large part of the area occupied by the Germans. As in other occupied Soviet areas, there were regular executions of "supposed" and real partisans.

The population that could not and did not have to be evacuated by the Red Army in time had to suffer from the German occupation. Cattle and food were transported to Germany so that the residents of the city received only a minimum of the food available. There was hardly any work left as many businesses and factories were closed and / or destroyed by the Germans. Since 1942, many residents of working age have also been deported to Germany to do forced labor there. When it was liberated in September 1943, Bryansk only had about 5,000 inhabitants.

In the city, there was a POW camp 326 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War . In the neighboring town Beschiza, whose name was 1936-1943 Ordschonikidsegrad and since the incorporation to Bryansk in 1956 the city rayon forms Beschizki, was the POW camp 252 .

Today Bryansk is an important industrial location. Electronic components, turbines, locomotives and many other goods are produced. The city is the seat of the commercial vehicle manufacturer BAZ , which produces heavy trucks and military vehicles. It is a subsidiary of the ZIL company . In addition, Bryansk is the administrative and cultural center of the oblast of the same name as well as a railway hub with a large marshalling yard .

On July 1, 2012, the Russian Orthodox Trinity Cathedral was reopened. The former Trinity Cathedral was built at the end of the 19th century. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 it was forcibly closed and demolished in the 1960s. In 2010 and 2011, the cathedral was faithfully rebuilt. It offers space for about 3000 believers.

Population development

year	Residents	annotation
1897	24,781
1939	179,946	of which Bryansk 87,490, Ordzhonikidsegrad 82,334, Urizki 10,122
1959	207.319
1970	317.504
1979	394.210
1989	452.160
2002	431,526
2010	415.721

Note: census data

City structure

Stadtrajon (Gorodskoi Rajon )	Russian name	Residents (October 14, 2010)	comment
Beschizki	Бежицкий	155,330	until its incorporation in 1956, an independent city of Beschiza (Бежица); the Rajon is also the urban-type settlement Raditsa-Krylovka (Радица-Крыловка; 3,526 inhabitants) subordinate
Fokinski	Фокинский	73.272	the Rajon is also the urban type settlement Belyje Berega (Белые Берега; 9,642 inhabitants) subordinate
Sowetski	Советский	113,328
Volodarsky	Володарский	73,791	the district is also subordinated to the urban-type settlement Bolschoje Polpino (Большое Полпино; 6,356 inhabitants)

The total number of inhabitants in the district of Bryansk with the three administratively subordinate urban-type settlements is 435,245.

economy

In Bryansk there is the metalworking industry, vehicle and mechanical engineering, as well as the chemical, electronics and textile industries. The Brjansk Locomotive Factory and the Brjansk Automobile Plant are particularly well known .

traffic

Bryansk is connected to the Russian capital Moscow via the M3 Ukraina highway . Here it is crossed by the R120 , which runs in a north-westerly direction via Smolensk to the Belarusian border . At the same time, the city is the starting point of the A240 junction , which also leads west to Belarus.

Further educational institutions

Branch of the Legal Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia in Bryansk
Branch of the New Moscow Institute of Law
Branch of the All-Russian Remote Institute of Finance and Economics
Bryansk I. G. Petrovsky State Academy
Bryansk State Engineering Technology Academy
Bryansk State Agricultural Academy
Bryansk State Technical University

Holy Sepulcher Church (1904)

Sports

The football club FK Dynamo Bryansk , founded in 1931, represents the city in the third highest Russian division, 2nd division .

Others

As a reminder of the tragic Chernobyl accident , which took place only around 300 km away, the radioactivity levels in the center of Bryansk can be read on a digital display. However, no contaminated clouds were rained over the city itself at the time of the explosion.

Town twinning

Bryansk lists fifteen twin cities :

city	country
Auce	Latvia Latvia
Dupnitsa	Bulgaria Bulgaria
Győr	Hungary Hungary
Homel	Belarus Belarus
Izhevsk	Russia Russia
Karlovo	Bulgaria Bulgaria
Konin	Poland Poland
Mahiljou	Belarus Belarus
Minsk	Belarus Belarus
Naujoji Akmenė	Lithuania Lithuania
Omsk	Russia Russia
Oryol	Russia Russia
Severodvinsk	Russia Russia

sons and daughters of the town

Viktor Afanassjew (* 1948), cosmonaut
Vladimir Astapowski (1946–2012), football goalkeeper
Olha Avilova (1918–2009), surgeon and university professor
Andrei Babkin (* 1969), engineer and cosmonaut
Swetlana Babuschkina (* 1992), wrestler
Ekaterina Khomyakova (* 1987), beach volleyball player
Alexander Eltekow (1846-1894), chemist
Naum Gabo (1890–1977), artist
Pawel Kamosin (1917–1983), fighter pilot
Wlada Kowal (* 2001), tennis player
Olena Kowtun (* 1966), Ukrainian table tennis player
Svetlana Kriweljowa (* 1969), track and field athlete and Olympic champion
Larissa Kurkina (* 1973), cross-country skier
Natalja Kusjutina (* 1989), judoka
Galina Maltschugina (* 1962), track and field athlete and Olympic medalist
Alexandr Morosow (1904–1979), tank designer
Igor Moskvin (* 1929), figure skater
Jan Nepomnjaschtschi (* 1990), chess grandmaster
Andrij Nesmatschnyj (* 1979), Ukrainian football player
Tatiana Nikolajewa (1924–1993), pianist
Nadija Olisarenko (1953-2017), middle-distance runner and Olympic champion
Olga Ryabinkina (* 1976), athlete
Jelena Sobolewa (* 1982), middle-distance runner
Anatoli Spasski (1895–1970), metallurgist and university professor
Julija Tschermoschanskaja (* 1986), sprinter and relay Olympic champion
Wladlen Vereschtschetin (* 1932), lawyer, judge at the International Court of Justice

Climate table

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Bryansk

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	−5.7	−4.1	1.3	10.9	18.9	21.7	22.7	21.8	16.7	9.2	1.7	−2.9	O	9.4
Min. Temperature (° C)	−11.9	−11.0	−5.4	2.2	8.4	11.6	13.0	11.9	7.6	2.3	−3.0	−8.1	O	1.5

Precipitation ( mm )	40	27	36	45	53	79	89	69	55	46	49	51	Σ	639

Rainy days ( d )	10	8th	9	9	9	11	11	9	9	8th	11	12	Σ	116

Source: Roshydromet

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
↑ http://www.baz32.ru/
↑ http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=837356&cid=7
↑ Официальный сайт города Брянска. Брянский городской Совет народных депутатов. Новости Брянска . Retrieved August 8, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Bryansk - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Bryansk - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

[einwohner_aktuell-1] Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)

[2] Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.

[3] ttp://www.baz32.ru/

[4] ttp://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=837356&cid=7

[5] Официальный сайт города Брянска. Брянский городской Совет народных депутатов. Новости Брянска . Retrieved August 8, 2015.


Cities	Bryansk ^{S / R} \| Dyatkovo ^R \| Fokino ^S \| Karachev ^R \| Klinzy ^{S / R} \| Mglin ^R \| Novosybkow ^{S / R} \| Potschep ^R \| Zhukovka ^R \| Selzo ^S \| Sewsk ^R \| Slynka ^R \| Starodub ^{S / R} \| Surasch ^R \| Trubchevsk ^R \| Unetscha ^R
Urban-type settlements	Altuchowo \| Belaya Berjoska \| Belyje Berega \| Bolshoye Polpino \| Bytosh \| Dubrowka ^R \| Iwot \| Kletnja ^R \| Klimowo ^R \| Kokorewka \| Komarichi ^R \| Krasnaya Gora ^R \| Lyubochna \| Lokot ^R \| Nawlja ^R \| Pogar ^R \| Raditsa-Krylovka \| Ramassucha \| Rognedino ^R \| Star \| Susemka ^R \| Vygonichi ^R \| Vyshkov
Other Rajon centers	Gordeyevka \| Shiryatino