Lipperode Castle
| Lipperode Castle | ||
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 Bernhard II castle ruins near Lipperode |
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| Creation time : | before 1248 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Remains of the residential tower | |
| Standing position : | Noble | |
| Construction: | Quarry stone | |
| Place: | Lippstadt - Lipperode | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 41 '17 " N , 8 ° 22' 36.8" E | |
| Height: | 80 m above sea level NN | |
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The old castle Lipperode is a castle rest of Wasserburg south of the present Lippstadter district Lipperode in Soest district on the right bank of the lip and right of the road to Esbeck. There is access via the street “Zum Amt”.
history
The Niederungsburg is mentioned for the first time in 1248 in a document from the Liesborn monastery . Confirmation of this time was also provided by the three excavation phases completed in 1987. 2.4 m thick quarry stone walls were built, which belong to an approximately square residential tower of 21.8 m × 22.2 m in size. The construction of this residential tower, built in Romanesque style, must have started a short time beforehand. According to previous knowledge, there was no second system in this form anywhere in Westphalia.
This castle is obviously not the ancestral castle of the noblemen zur Lippe, because at the time they had their headquarters in Rheda (since around 1220), which was moved to Detmold around 1300 . The noblemen will only have stayed temporarily in their Lipperoder castle. In 1297 the Archbishop of Cologne resisted the construction of the castle and Lord Simon I zur Lippe had the castle walls removed when the Archbishop's soldiers approached, but rebuilt them after the danger had been averted. The castle survived the Mecklenburg, Everstein and Soest feuds .
In 1344, the state partition contract between the brothers Otto and Bernhard zur Lippe took place . Lipperode with Rheda, Lippstadt and Holzminden passed into Bernhard's possession. The castle must have been rebuilt before 1411, because this year the new keep next to the old castle is mentioned for the first time.
Castle loan
The castle with the adjoining lands was given as a fief. In 1363, the Lippische Regesten led the castle men Dietrich von Ervethe (= Erwitte ), Heinrich von Bredenole, Mayze von Ekeneberg, Helmig von Ervethe and Gohert Boleke. In 1410 Johann von der Borgh was given a hereditary castle fiefdom, "together with the whale at the lower gate house". In 1476 the brothers Philipp and Bernd von Hörde received the castle loan. Pledges were also entered into, that is, in return for a pledge sum, ministerials were enfeoffed with the castle and their income. B. the Lords von Wendt in the years 1496 to 1558. After 1589, the castle bailiwick and the administration by Counts-Lippe officials ended. A stately domaine developed.
The fortress
In 1600 Count Simon VI. zur Lippe made the decision to build a fortress based on the Dutch model in Lipperode. How he came to this decision is incomprehensible. The expansion of the fortress was associated with high costs. The Dutch fortress construction specialist Johann van Rijswijk, who had designed a pentagonal, star-shaped fortress in 1601, was able to be won over for the construction. With the advent of firearms and artillery, the previous defenses had to be redesigned and bastions built that protruded from the wall and could accommodate artillery. The Dutch were experienced and built quickly and cheaply because instead of stones they used earth as a building material and made use of the groundwater-near terrain with the construction of wide moats. Its excavation also served to build the ramparts and bastions.
The Dutch master craftsman Jetze Igens from Leeuwarden, who started work in 1604, was won over to build the fortress. After five years, the complex structure with its five mighty bulwarks, the high main ramparts and the wide moats was completed. During the construction period, the western part of the village also had to be relocated to the north and rebuilt as planned on today's Bismarckstrasse, with Wilhelmstrasse and Hindenburgstrasse. And so one of the largest fortresses in East Westphalia was created.
In 1613, Simon VII took over the reign. He was a peace-loving count who was anxious to compensate and, since the construction of such a large fortress had caused a lot of anger and anger among all neighbors, the first 300 men came in October 1616 to razor the fortress. However, since everything could not be expensive, the main demolition work took around forty years. The demolition was not completely finished until 1763.
The course of the former fortifications has now been recreated by (mostly) double-row tree planting.
Administrative headquarters
In the meantime, the old castle was used as an office building. From here officials administered the "Ambt Lipperode / Cappel". Around 1790 the office building was also given up. The administration moved to the "Tannenbaum" manor. In 1837 the main parts of the office building were demolished. The stones were used by Lipperodern to build their houses. In 1886 the administration of the office was transferred from the "Tannenbaum" to Cappel. Both communities formed this office until 1928. From that year Lipperode was again an independent community belonging to the Detmold district.
Literature and Sources
- Lipperode. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 17, Leipzig 1738, column 1558 f.
- Otto Preuss, August Falkmann: Lippische Regesten. 1860-1868
- 1. Volume (incomplete due to scan error): MDZ Munich
- 2. Volume (incomplete due to scan error): MDZ Munich
- Gunter Hagemann: The Lippstadt Fortress - its building history and its influence on urban development. In: Monument Preservation and Research in Westphalia, Volume 8. Dr. Rudolf Habelt Verlag GmbH, Bonn 1985
- Gunter Hagemann: Behind wall and ditch. Lecture 1998 - Heimatverein Lipperode
- Wilhelm Butterweck : The Lippe Diaspora.
- Otto Gaul: Lipperode.
- Cornelia Kneppe, Hans-Werner Peine: The history and structural development of Lipperode Castle. AFWL 1987, p. 285 ff.
- Josef Bongartz: Lipperode Castle - a fortress of the Lippe rulers. Heimatverein Lipperode 1987
