Perchtoldsdorf Castle
| Perchtoldsdorf Castle | ||
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.JPG) The tower on the right has a cantilevered battlement, in the center the parish church |
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| Creation time : | before 1000 | |
| Castle type : | Location | |
| Conservation status: | Remnants in newer parts | |
| Place: | Perchtoldsdorf | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 7 '11 " N , 16 ° 15' 51" E | |
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The Burg Perchtoldsdorf is a tower castle in town location and right in the same market Perchtoldsdorf in the district of Mödling in Lower Austria at Vienna's city limits.
location
The mighty castle-church complex is located on the north side of the market square of Perchtoldsdorf on the slope of the Vienna Woods . The market fortification from the middle of the 13th century, which led around the entire market, was almost completely razed under Joseph II in 1795/96.
history
The Lords of Perchtoldsdorf
The origins of the castle are likely to go back to before the year 1000. It was built together with numerous other castles on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods to protect the Babenbergs' territory from the invading Hungarians. The castle originally consisted of a brick tower and a few wooden structures, which were protected by a palisade and a moat. But after it soon became too small, it was only inhabited for defense purposes. Heinricus de Pertoldesdorf was named as the first lord of the castle in 1138 . Under his successor, the wooden structures were replaced by masonry ones and a bailey was built with a wall. In this state she was resident again. The south tower , which is still standing today, was also built as a keep . The castle chapel on the second floor of the castle was raised to a parish church in 1217 under Bishop Ulrich II of Passau . As a free property of Otto I. von Perchtoldsdorf, the castle was handed over to Melk Abbey in 1232 , from which it was returned as a fief. Otto I was involved in the aristocratic revolt against Duke Friedrich the Arguable , which is why the castle was destroyed by him in the course of a punitive expedition, so that only the base and part of the south wall remained. It seems that Otto then lived in his newly built Kammerstein Castle . The ruin was converted into a church. Not far from the castle, on the southeast corner of today's market square, a new city castle was built , which mainly served administrative purposes. It was not until Otto II, who later fought at the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen on the side of Rudolf von Habsburg , that the family castle was rebuilt. The construction of this castle was probably finished as early as 1270.
Otto III. von Perchtoldsdorf took part in another uprising of the nobility. As a result, all of his three castles, i.e. the ancestral castle, the town castle and the Kammerstein castle, were destroyed again by Duke Albrecht I of Austria, who later became King Albrecht I, around 1290. Otto probably died in custody.
Owned by the Dukes of Austria
With the death of Heinrich IV., The brother of Otto III., The lords of Perchtoldsdorf died out and the castle and rule fell back to the Melk Abbey, which they now passed on to the Duke of Austria as a fief. The castle was rebuilt and made habitable. The Gothic was preferred as the architectural style . A separate well was built inside the castle and the so-called duke's chapel was built as an extension to the parish church, which was reserved for the ducal family only.
The castle was subsequently owned and the widow's seat of several Austrian duchesses or was pledged, for example to Count Ulrich II. Von Cilli . Elisabeth von Virneburg , the widow of Duke Heinrich, is proven to be the first of the ducal lords of the castle . One of the later owners was Duchess Beatrix von Zollern, who had the hospital and the hospital church built in Perchtoldsdorf.
From the armed conflicts between Emperor Friedrich III. and his brother Archduke Albrecht VI. between 1457 and 1463 both the castle and the place were affected. The castle was completely destroyed during the siege and conquest of Vienna in the 1480s by King Matthias Corvinus. When Maximilian I recaptured Vienna in 1490 and the rule of the Habsburgs in the Duchy of Austria was finally consolidated, he was no longer interested in the destroyed castle and sold it to Manngen von Höhenberg.
Perchtoldsdorf in modern times
Due to the threat of Turkish invasions since the 16th century, the castle was restored by the residents of Perchtoldsdorf and the surrounding towns as a fortification, the windows were replaced by loopholes and a wall ring was built around the outside. While the market was burned down during the first Turkish siege in 1529, the attack on the castle could be repulsed. A cemetery was subsequently created in the former second courtyard.
In 1605 the castle again offered protection to the residents when the Transylvanian Prince Stephan Bocskai arrived with his Heiducken . During the second Turkish siege in 1683 the castle was burned down. In 1794 the inner castle wall was torn down. As no one subsequently took care of the castle buildings, they began to crumble. Later there were plans to demolish the entire castle in order to gain agricultural land.
In 1871 the south tower was restored and its rooms were rededicated by Joseph Hyrtl as a place of work. After his death there was a museum here for a few years. The cemetery was closed in 1883 after the construction of today's Perchtoldsdorf cemetery . In 1928 the armory was renovated and, after a regional trade fair, made available to the scouts as a club room.
Todays use
An emergency roof was erected above the Palassaal in 1958 and the former residential wing was converted into a cultural center by Karl Harberger in 1964 .
Since 1976 the courtyard has been used annually for summer theater at the Perchtoldsdorf Summer Games . After further renovations were carried out in 2008, the theater season was canceled. In June 2010 the castle was reopened, whereby the old building fabric remained untouched, but a new, underground event hall and a new foyer were created, as the old foyer had to give way to a kitchen with modern sliding doors. However, there are now handicapped accessible entrances and an elevator. Instead of the buffet on the upper floor, there is now a modern construction made of glass and steel, which replaced the historic walls. The historical exit to the castle courtyard was bricked up and the gate of the historical armory in the castle courtyard was made unusable, as the steel and glass construction in front of it is not accessible. For the transition from the old castle to the new ballroom, the historic wall in between was opened by a reinforced concrete passage.
literature
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna . Vienna: Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau 1995, Volume 4, pp. 519f. and Perchtoldsdorf Castle in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Christine Mitterwenger, Ingrid Pachmann (Red.): Perchtoldsdorf Castle, a castle for the 21st century . Verlag der Marktgemeinde Perchtoldsdorf (Perchtoldsdorf 2013), ISBN 978-3-200-03200-2 .
- Paul Katzberger: The castle of Perchtoldsdorf - Castle Kammerstein - the city castle of Otto II of Perchtoldsdorf . Perchtoldsdorfer Kunsttopographie Volume 5. Verlag der Marktgemeinde Perchtoldsdorf 1990.
See also
Web links
- burg.perchtoldsdorf.at
- Entry via Perchtoldsdorf Castle to Burgen-Austria
- Perchtoldsdorf Castle at www.burgenkunde.at
- Entry for Perchtoldsdorf Castle in the database of the state's memory of the history of Lower Austria ( Museum Niederösterreich )
Single references
- ↑ cf. Felix Czeike: Historical Lexicon Vienna . 1995, Volume 4, p. 519