Ornamental cypress trees
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Callitris section : White cypress ( Callitris columellaris ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
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| Vent. |
The callitris ( Callitris ) is a genus within the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). The 16 or so species are found throughout Australia and New Caledonia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Ornamental cypress species are evergreen trees or shrubs . The tallest known specimen in this genus is a Callitris macleayana with heights of growth of 50 meters and trunk diameters of around 15 meters. The bark stays on the tree for a long time, it is hard and compact.
The leaves are scale-shaped.
Generative characteristics
Ornamental cypress species are single sexed ( monoecious ). Female and male cones are on different branches. The male cones are, in two or more together, at the ends of the branches and are egg-shaped to cylindrical. The woody female cones are spherical to oval, have a diameter of 10 to 30 millimeters and usually consist of six, rarely up to eight cone scales. One to eight winged seeds with one to three wings develop per fertile cone scale.
Locations
Callitris species thrive in semi- arid habitats . They often grow in association with eucalyptus species and similarly benefit from them when bush fires have destroyed the surrounding vegetation.
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Systematics and distribution
The genus Callitris was established in 1808 by Étienne Pierre Ventenat . The botanical genus name Callitris is derived from the Greek words callos for "beautiful" and treis for "three"; this refers to the very beautiful trees, the needles and the cone-scales, which are grouped together in whorls. Synonyms for Callitris Vent. are: Frenela Mirbel , Fresnelia Steudel , Leichardtia Sheph. , Pachylepis Brong. , Octoclinis F. Muell. , Parolinia Endl.
The genus Callitris belongs to the subfamily Callitroideae in the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae).
Of the 16 or so Callitris species, around 14 are distributed in Australia and two in New Caledonia . In Florida , one species is a neophyte .
The genus Callitris is divided into two sections and contains a total of 15 to 19 species:
- Callitris Section :
- Callitris baileyi C.T.White : It occurs from southeastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales .
- Callitris canescens (Parlatore) STBlake : It occurs from southern Western Australia to southern South Australia .
- White cypress or white cypress ( Callitris columellaris F.Muell. , Syn .: Callitris glaucophylla J. Thompson & LASJohnson , Callitris glauca R.Br. ex RTBaker & HGSmith , Callitris arenosa A.Cunn. Ex RTBaker & HGSmith , Callitris intratropica RTBaker & HGSmith , Callitris columellaris var. microcarpa (Benth.) Govaerts , Callitris columellaris var. intratropica (RTBaker & HGSmith) Silba , Callitris columellaris var. campestris Silba ): It is, used in all Australian states except Tasmania.
- Callitris drummondii (Parlatore) F.Muell. : This endemic occurs only in southern Western Australia.
- Red Schmuckzypresse ( Callitris endlicheri (Parlatore) FMBailey , Syn .: Callitris pyramidalis Sweet . Nom nud. Callitris calcarata R.Br. ex F.Muell. ): It comes in the Australian states of southeastern Queensland, New South Wales, northeastern Victoria ago .
- Callitris monticola J.Garden : It occurs from southeastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales.
- Callitris muelleri (Parl.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex F.Muell. : The homeland is east-central and south-east New South Wales.
- Callitris neocaledonica Dümmer : The home is the southeastern New Caledonia.
- Callitris oblonga rich. : The homeland is eastern New South Wales and northeastern Tasmania .
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Resinous ornamental cypress ( Callitris preissii Miq. ): This species provides Sandarak . There are two subspecies:
- Callitris preissii Miq. subsp. preissii (Syn .: Callitris robusta R.Br. ex Bailey, Callitris gracilis Baker ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia.
- Callitris preissii subsp. murrayensis J.Garden (Syn .: Callitris propinqua R.Br. ex RTBaker & HGSm. ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia .
- Oyster Bay cypress ( Callitris rhomboidea R.Br. ex Rich. , Syn .: Callitris cupressiformis F.Mueller , Callitris tasmanica (Benth.) RTBaker & HGSm. ): It occurs in the Australian states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria , South Australia and Tasmania.
- Ornamental cypress ( Callitris roei (Endl.) F.Muell. ): It occurs in southwestern Australia.
- Callitris sulcata (Parl.) Schltr. : It occurs in southeastern New Caledonia.
- Callitris tuberculata R.Br. ex RTBaker & HGSm. (is a synonym of Callitris verrucosa or Callitris preissii for some authors): It occurs in the Australian state of Western Australia.
- Callitris verrucosa (A.Cunn. Ex Endl.) R.Br. ex Mirb. (Syn .: Callitris preissii subsp. Verrucosa (Cunn. Ex Endl.) J.Garden ): It occurs in the Australian states of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.
- Section Octoclinis (F.Muell.) Benth. & Hook. f.
- Callitris macleayana (F.Muell.) F.Muell. : It occurs from southeast Queensland to northeast and central-eastern New South Wales.
- Without assignment to a section:
- Callitris acuminata (Parl.) F. Muell. (Syn .: Actinostrobus acuminatus Parl. ): It occurs in southwestern Australia.
- Callitris arenaria (CAGardner) JEPiggin & JJBruhl (Syn .: Callitris arenaria C.A.Gardner ): It occurs in the southwestern Australia.
- Callitris pancheri (Carrière) Byng (Syn .: Neocallitropsis araucarioides (Compton) Florin , Neocallitropsis pancheri (Carrière) de Laub. , Eutacta pancheri Carrière ): It occurs in central and south-eastern New Caledonia.
- Callitris pyramidalis (Miq.) JEPiggin & JJBruhl (Syn .: Actinostrobus pyramidalis Miq. , Callitris actinostrobus F. Muell. ): It occurs in southwestern Australia.
use
Callitris species have an insect-resistant wood . Few Callitris species are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. Different Callitris species provide the Australian sandarak .
swell
- GJ Harden, J. Thompson: Description and identification keys of the species occurring in New South Wales at the Flora of New South Wales online . (English)
- Christopher J. Earle, 2019: Callitris at The Gymnosperm Database .
literature
- Colin Tudge : The secret life of trees . Penguin books, London 2006, ISBN 978-0-14-101293-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Christopher J. Earle, 2019: Callitris at The Gymnosperm Database .
- ^ Colin Tudge : The secret life of trees . Penguin books, London 2006, ISBN 978-0-14-101293-3 . P. 106.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Callitris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 19, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2: Types and Varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ↑ W. Blaschek, R. Hänsel, et al .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 2: Drugs A – K , 5th edition, Springer, 1998, ISBN 978-3-642-63794-0 (reprint), p. 264.
