Carl Claus
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus , also Latinized as Carolus ... (born January 2, 1835 in Kassel , † January 18, 1899 in Vienna ), was a German zoologist and comparative anatomist. He is considered the "creator of scientific zoology in Austria". Claus represented Darwinism , but was an opponent of Ernst Haeckel's theories .
biography
Carl Claus' parents were the Münz wasein Heinrich Claus and Charlotte, geb. Judge. His brother was the chemist Adolf Claus .
From 1854 Claus studied medicine and science at the Philipps University in Marburg and the Hessian Ludwig University in Gießen with Rudolf Leuckart (1822–1898). In 1854 he became a member of Progress - fraternity Germania Marburg. From 1855 he was a member of the Corps Hasso-Nassovia . In 1857 he received his doctorate in philosophy. In Marburg he qualified as a lecturer in zoology in 1858.
He taught at the Philipps University and from the winter semester 1859/1860 at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg , where he was appointed associate professor. Claus had refused a call to Dorpat . In 1863 he accepted a call to Marburg and became a full professor there. In 1870 he moved to the Georg August University of Göttingen and in 1873 to the University of Vienna , where he taught until 1896. He headed the Austrian Station for Marine Zoology in Trieste , specialized in crustaceans and founded the modern classification of this group. As part of his cell research, Claus coined the term phagocyte (intracellularly digesting blood cell; cyto- from ancient Greek κύτος kýtos "vessel", "cell"; φαγεῖν phageîn "[fr] to eat").
Under the guidance of Claus, the medical student Sigmund Freud wrote his first scientific work in 1877, based on research that he had carried out at Claus' Trieste station on the testicular structure of the eel. From this Freud received decisive impulses for his later developed theory of the bisexuality of humans.
The theory of Charles Darwin was estimated by Claus; but he still saw essential open questions in them. At the end of his life he wrote that the selection principle "with regard to the great riddle of development that remains to be solved, can only be compared to a plank that carries the otherwise hopelessly sinking above water."
Works
- 1876, research to research the genealogical basis of the Crustacean system. A contribution to the theory of descent ; Vienna, C. Gerold
- 1879–82, Basics of Zoology ; NG Elwert Marburg; 2 volumes (his most famous work).
- 1880, Small Textbook of Zoology ; (6th edition) 1897, textbook of zoology , Marburg.
Dedication names
René Edouard Claparède named after him the genus Clausia with the species Clausia lubbocki in 1863 .
literature
- Otto Hamann : Claus, Carl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, pp. 498-500.
- Josef Gicklhorn: Claus, Carl Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 268 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Claus Karl Friedrich. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957, p. 149.
- Salvini-Plawen, L .; Mizzaro, M .: 150 years of zoology at the University of Vienna . Rat. Zool. Bot. Ges. Österr. 136 (1999), pp. 1-76.
- Rudolf Schmitz: The natural sciences at the Philipps University of Marburg: 1527-1977 . Elwert, Marburg 1978, ISBN 3770806530 , pp. 173-177.
- Thomas Sauer, Ralf Vollmuth : Letters from members of the Würzburg medical faculty in the estate of Anton Ruland. Sources on the history of medicine in the 19th century with short biographies. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 9, 1991, pp. 135-206; here: p. 148 f.
Web links
- Literature by and about Carl Claus in the catalog of the German National Library
- BEMON (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Ernst August Gries: The student union (Burschenschaft) Germania Marburg 1851-1859. Edited by Harald Lönnecker . Koblenz 2013, p. 5.
- ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 101 , 187
- ↑ Lucille B. Ritvo: Carl Claus as Freud's Professor of the New Darwinian Biology. In: The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 53 (1972), pp. 277-283
- ↑ Textbook 1897, p. 215. Cf. Franz Stuhlhofer : Charles Darwin - Weltreise zum Agnostizismus. 1988, pp. 110-133: "Admission of Darwinism in Germany".
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Claus, Carl |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Claus, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German-Austrian zoologist |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 2, 1835 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | kassel |
DATE OF DEATH | January 18, 1899 |
Place of death | Vienna |