Carl Friedrich Naumann

Carl Friedrich Naumann, lithograph by Rudolf Hoffmann , 1857

Carl Friedrich Naumann (born May 30, 1797 in Dresden ; † November 26, 1873 there ) was a German geologist and crystallographer . By discovering the glaciers on the porphyry peaks of the Hohburg Mountains , he provided evidence of the Pleistocene Fennoscan inland glaciation .

Live and act

Title page to the explanatory reports of the geognostic chart

The eldest son of the composer Johann Gottlieb Naumann studied from 1816 to 1820 at the Bergakademie Freiberg as well as in Jena and Leipzig . Following a journey of several years to Norway , he received his doctorate in philosophy in 1823 (today corresponds to Dr. rer. Nat.) And qualified as a professor in Jena. In 1824 he received an extraordinary professorship in Leipzig. He was the father of the musician Ernst Naumann .

As the successor to Carl Amandus Kühn , he moved to Freiberg in 1826 and taught crystallography and, from 1835, geology . At this point in time, Naumann and Bernhard von Cotta took over the processing of the geognostic map of Saxony. In 1842 he accepted an appointment to the newly created professorship at the University of Leipzig, where he taught mineralogy and geology.

In the spring of 1844 he discovered in the Hohburger mountains on the upcoming porphyry "rock-cuts". For their explanation he initially only cited the doctrines of the time of a "Petridelaunian scree flood" by Nils Gabriel Sefström and the drift theory of Charles Lyell . After the detailed investigation, however, he came to the conclusion that only one glacier could have created these polished marks. The Swiss geologist Adolphe von Morlot confirmed that they could only be compared with the glacial cuts in the Alps . This provided unmistakable evidence that the area was once glaciated and that the inland glaciation, which Albrecht Reinhard Bernhardi had already derived from in 1832 . The influence of the authorities prevented recognition for another 30 years.

In 1866 he was named a mountain ridge . After his retirement in 1870 he returned to his hometown Dresden. In the same year he fought against the misinterpretation of all rock cuts in the Hohburg mountains as wind cuts by Albert Heim . The publication of another attempt to help the inland theory achieve a breakthrough could only appear posthumously. He was denied the fame of the discoverer, which Otto Martin Torell reaped a little later after his memorable lecture in 1875.

See also:

→ Main article : Quaternary research

He was married to Emma Amalie Demiani, a sister of the artist Carl Theodor Demiani , who lived with them from 1855 until his death in 1869.

Honors and memberships

• In 1845 the mineral naumannite was named after him.
• In 1868 he was awarded the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London .
• In 1935 the moon crater Naumann was named after him.

• In 1844 he was appointed a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and in 1859 a foreign member.
• In 1846 he became a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In the same year, the year the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences was founded , he was accepted as a full member of this society.
• In 1851 he was made an honorary member of the Nassau Association for Natural History .
• In 1853 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .
• In 1857 he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .
• In 1857 he was a member of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors .
• 1863 Elected member of the Leopoldina
• 1870 admission as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences .
• In 1873 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Fonts

• Attempt at a rock theory , 1824
• Draft of a lithurgy of economic mineralogy , 1828
• Floor plan of the crystallography , 2 vol., 1830
• Textbook of pure and applied crystallography , 2 vol., 1830
• Contributions to the knowledge of Norway , 2 vol., 1834
• Special geognostic map of the Kingdom of Saxony , 1835–43 (12 sections)
• The beginnings of crystallography , 1841 a. 1854
• Elements of Mineralogy , 1846 (12 editions until 1885)
• Textbook of Geognosy , 1850–1872 2/3 vols. (2 editions)
• Geognostic description of the coal basin of Flöha in Saxony , 1865
• Geognostic map of the Erzgebirge Basin , 1866 (2 sections)
• Geognostic map of the area around Hainichen , 1871

literature

• Wilhelm von Gümbel :  Naumann, Carl Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, pp. 316-319.
• Hans-Werner Schütt :  Naumann, Carl Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 765 ( digitized version ).
• C. Schiffner: From the life of old Freiberg mountain students. E. Maukisch, Freiberg 1935, p. 30f.

Web links

Wikisource: Carl Friedrich Naumann  - Sources and full texts

• Literature by and about Carl Friedrich Naumann in the catalog of the German National Library
• Overview of Carl Friedrich Naumann's courses at the University of Leipzig (summer semester 1825 to summer semester 1870)
• Carl Friedrich Naumann in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
• Literature by and about Carl Friedrich Naumann in the Saxon Bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Carl Friedrich Naumann: Rock cuts on porphyry hills near Kollmen. In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts. Born in 1844, Stuttgart 1844. pp. 557–558, 561–562. [1]
2. ↑ Nils Gabriel Sefström: About the traces of a very great primeval flood. In: Poggendorff's annals of physics and chemistry. Volume 38 No. 8. Leipzig (Barth) 1836. pp. 614-618. [2]
3. ↑ Nils Gabriel Sefström: Investigation of the furrows present on the rocks of Scandinavia in a certain direction and their probable formation. In: Poggendorff's annals of physics and chemistry. Volume 43. Leipzig (Barth) 1838. pp. 533-567 [3]
4. ↑ Carl Friedrich Naumann: About the rock cut of the Hohburg mountains not far from Wurzen. In: Reports on the negotiations of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences in Leipzig. 1st volume. Leipzig 1847. pp. 392-410. [4]
5. ↑ Adolph von Morlot: About the glaciers of the prehistoric world and their meaning. Bern (Rätzer) 1844. pp. 1-18. [5]
6. ↑ Albrecht Bernhardi: How did the rock fragments and debris from the north, which can be found in northern Germany and the neighboring countries, get to their current location? In: Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Geology and Petrefactology. 3rd year. Heidelberg 1832. pp. 257-267. [6]
7. ^ Carl Friedrich Naumann: The rock cut of the Hohburger mountains. In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts. Born in 1870. Stuttgart 1870. pp. 988–989. [7]
8. ↑ Carl Friedrich Naumann: About the Hohburger Porphyry Mountains in Saxony. In: New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts. Born in 1874. Stuttgart 1874. pp. 337–361. [8th]
9. ↑ Otto Torell: About a joint trip with Messrs Behrendt and Orth to the Rüdersdorfer Kalkberge. In: Journal of the German Geological Society. Volume 27. Berlin 1875. pp. 961-962. [9]
10. ↑ Demiani, Carl Theodor. In: Carl Maria von Weber Complete Edition. Retrieved November 6, 2019 . 
11. ^ Members of the SAW: Carl Friedrich Naumann. Saxon Academy of Sciences, accessed on November 18, 2016 . 
12. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 177.
13. ↑ Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857
14. ^ Member entry by Georg Amadeus Carl F. Naumann at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on September 6, 2016.
15. ^ List of members since 1666: letter N. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 27, 2020 (French).