Chaumière
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A chaumière is a simple, thatched residential building in France . Chaume means “straw” in French . The buildings are sometimes two-story, but always relatively narrow and rarely have full basements. The difference to the cottage , besides the geographical location, is that a chaumière necessarily has a thatched or thatched roof .
Norman chaumière
history
The typical Norman farmhouse has been a one-story half - timbered house since the Middle Ages , with clay infills between the wooden beams and a thatched or thatched roof, i.e. a chaumière . The most widespread were elongated Chaumières ; Additions were not made upwards, but lengthways. In the Pays de Caux , the cultivation was mostly linear, in the Roumois and Pays d'Auge at right angles, in the Pays de Bray and in the Seine Valley even in a U-shape. Rye straw was used for the roof until the 19th century , then wheat straw was used . Reet was only used in the Marais-Vernier , a moor in the Boucles de la Seine Normande Regional Nature Park and in the Seine Valley.
In the period between the First and Second World War, however, hardly any buildings were covered with thatch or thatch. The cattle production increased and agriculture declined. The transport of slate and roof tiles was made easier by rail lines. After 1945 the thatched roofs were systematically replaced by roofs made of corrugated roof tiles. Nevertheless, there are still some communities where Chaumières are common.
particularities
The straw used for covering is tied into sheaves 1.20 meters in length. Cover is from bottom to top, with two sheaves tied to each other and to the rafters . At the ridge of the roof , the straw is folded over and covered with a layer of clay for fastening . Then plants, especially irises , are sown on the ridge. They protect against the wind and protect the straw from drying out. Thatched or thatched-roof houses are also found in other parts of France, but the typical vegetation on the roof ridge is missing there.
Thatched roofs are covered in a similar way. However, since the thatch is more slippery, it has to be braided and better attached to the rafters.
The roof covering is 30 centimeters thick. It is waterproof and heat-insulating. Since the cover material is quite light, it allows a strong angle of inclination and thus a higher attic .
Proverbs
The chaumière is used in various proverbs as a synonym for poverty and modesty.
«Chez le riche comme chez le pauvre, dans le château comme dans la chaumière, on reconnaît le principe ami comme le principe ennemi. »
"With the rich as with the poor, in the castle as in the Chaumière, one knows the principle of friendship and the principle of enmity."
“Ce que coûtent une chaumière et un cœur. »
"What matters [is] a chaumière and a heart."
«Ceux qui racontent qu'on a des femmes avec de l'argent ne connaissent pas l'amour. Une chaumière et un cœur: j'en suis! »
“Those who say that you get women with money don't know love. A chaumière and a heart: I have it! "
literature
- Yves Montron: A La Découverte De L'Eure . Editions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau 1997, ISBN 2-85480-616-6 , pp. 80 (French).
- Jean Luis Boithias, Corinne Mondin: La maison rurale en Normandie. La Haute Normandie . In: Center de Réalisations d'Études et d'Éditions Régionales (ed.): Les Cahiers de Construction Traditional . 2nd Edition. tape 1 . Éditions Créer, Nonette 1982.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Montron
- ↑ Boithias, Mondin, p. 11
- ↑ Les Mille et Un Fantômes (French: Wikisource).
- ^ Louis Ulbach: L'île des rêves. Aventures d'un Anglais qui s'ennuie. In: gutenberg.org. Project Gutenberg, August 6, 2006, accessed September 5, 2011 (French).
- ^ Claude Aveline: Pour l'amour de la nuit . Domat, 1956, p. 190 . (French)