Chelatococcus asaccharovorans

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Chelatococcus asaccharovorans
Systematics
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Alphaproteobacteria
Order : Chelatococcaceae
Family : Chelatococcus
Genre : Chelatococcus
Type : Chelatococcus asaccharovorans
Scientific name
Chelatococcus asaccharovorans
Auling et al. 1993

Chelatococcus asaccharovorans is a bacterium . The prefix of the generic name "Chelato ..." indicates the abilityto use chelates . These are organic compounds that can bind metals. This makes the bacterium interesting for the disposal of chemical waste.

features

The cells of Chelatococcus asaccharovorans are robust rods, almost cocci- shaped , with a length of 1–2 μm and a width of 0.5–1.0 μm. The species is not mobile. As usual for proteobacteria , the Gram test is negative. C. asaccharovorans is surrounded by an additional protein-containing S-layer that is about 15 nm thick.

Metabolism and growth

The cells of Chelatococcus asaccharovorans similar during exponential growth Diplo cocci . The growth temperatures are between 4 and 41 ° C. Optimal growth occurs at temperatures between 35 and 37 ° C. The bacterium is chemoorganoheterotrophic , i. that is, it needs organic matter to grow. Carbohydrates , with the exception of glycerine , are not used by the bacterium. It needs some vitamins to grow . Polybetahydroxybutyric acid is stored inside the cell (so to speak as an "energy reserve"). Indole is not produced by the bacterium. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) are not produced, so the Voges-Proskauer test (VP test) is negative. Glucose is not fermented . There is no hydrolysis of starch or DNA . Unlike some other members of the family beijerinckiaceae is Chelatococcus asaccharovorans unable, nitrogen fixing. Nitrogen fixators have the ability to bind elemental, molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) by reducing it to ammonia (NH 3 ) or ammonium (NH 4 + ) and thus making it available for the biological metabolism.

The chelate complexes S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) can serve as the only source of energy, nitrogen and carbon for the bacteria .

Chemotaxonomy

Chelatococcus asaccharovorans contains sym -homospermidine, putrescine , spermidine and spermine as the main polyamine compounds . The ability to use nitrilotriacetic acid is also known from various Pseudomonas species, but sym homospermidine does not occur in these species. Phosphatidylcholines , phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamines are among the most common lipids . The dominant quinone is ubiquinone Q-10 . The GC content , i.e. the proportion of the nucleobases guanine and cytosine in the bacterial DNA , is 63  mol percent .

Systematics

When Auling and co-workers first described Chelatococcus asaccharovorans to the family Beijerinckiaceae . Further research led to the creation of the new Chelatococcaceae family in 2016 . In addition to Chelatococccus , the genus Camelimonas was also provided for this purpose . The family belongs to the order Hyphomicrobiales , this is placed in the class of the Alphaproteobacteria . With Chelatococcus asaccharovorans described in the same work of Auling and employees kind Chelatobacter is phylogenetically of Chelatococcus something away, it is to the family Phyllobacteriaceae asked. This family also belongs to the order Hyphomicrobiales.

ecology

Chelatococcus asaccharovorans is common in aquatic ecosystems. The bacterium is particularly common in eutrophic , warm waters. Other locations are z. B. Soils and sewage treatment plants.

Chelatococcus asaccharovorans has also been found inside the intestines of the Asian ash beetle ( Agrilus planipennis) . The bacterium is one of the intestinal flora , i.e. one of the bacteria that live within the intestine. Some types of intestinal flora are vital for the host, it is an endosymbiosis (place of residence for the bacterium and digestion for the host). It is unclear whether this is the case with Chelatococcus asaccharovorans and the beetle species. Other types of bacteria found within this beetle are involved in the digestion of plant material, and it has been demonstrated that these bacteria break down cellulose . They are Burkholderia cepacia and unspecified representatives of the genera Streptomyces and Erwinia .

Technical use

Structural formula of nitrilotriacetic acid

The bacterium can use the complex-forming compounds S, S-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS, Ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinic acid) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA, nitrilotriacetate, nitrilotriacetic acid) as the only source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. This is an important characteristic of Chelatococcus asaccharovorans because the bacterium can be used to break down the molecule. Nitrilotriacetic acid is one of the aminopolycarboxylic acids . Since it is a complexing agent, the molecule can take up metal ions and form a complex. If it is a multidentate ligand , it is called a chelate complex. This is also indicated by the generic name Chelatococcus . Areas of application for aminopolycarboxylic acids in general are, for. B. the cleaning of bottles and pipes. Other uses can be found in the paper industry, agriculture and electroplating. In the past, nitrilotriacetic acid was often used in water softening .

If the substance is released and gets into the groundwater, however, heavy metals can be released, where the nitrilotriacetic acid can dissolve (remobilize) heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and zinc that have already settled. In Germany, recommendations have been issued to keep the concentration in the water low. Bacteria such as Chelatococcus asaccharovorans are therefore of interest for the breakdown of nitrilotriacetic acid.

The metabolic utilization of this compound has also been reported in other types of bacteria, e.g. B. in species of Chelatobacter and the bacterium Rhodobacter ferrooxidans . Chelatobacter was first described along with Chelatococcus in 1993.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. 2nd Edition. Springer, New York NY et al. 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Auling, G., HJ Busse, T. Egli, T. El-Banna and E. Stackebrandt: Description of the Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, nitrilotriacetate (NTA) -utilizing bacteria as Chelatobacter heintzii, gen. nov., sp. nov., and Chelatococcus asaccharovorans, gen. nov., sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1993, Volume 16, pp. 104-112.
  3. ↑ Jung-Hoon Yoon, So-Jung Kang, Wan-Taek Im, Sung-Taik Lee and Tae-Kwang Oh: Chelatococcus daeguensis sp. nov., isolated from wastewater of a textile dye works, and emended description of the genus Chelatococcus In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2008, Volume 58, pp. 2224-2228. doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.65291-0
  4. ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Chelatoccus. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved July 11, 2021 .
  5. ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Chelatobacter. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved July 11, 2021 .
  6. ^ A b Walter Reineke and Michael Schlömann: Umweltmikrobiologie . Springer Verlag, 2020. ISBN 978-3-662-59654-8
  7. ^ A b Archana Vasanthakumar, Jo Handelsman, Patrick D Schloss, Leah S Bauer, Kenneth F Raffa: Gut Microbiota of an Invasive Subcortical Beetle, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, Across Various Life Stages . In: Environmental Entomology , Volume 37, Issue 5, pp. 1344-1353 doi : 10.1603 / 0046-225x (2008) 37 [1344: gmoais] 2.0.co; 2
  8. ↑ Reinhard Matissek: Lebensmittelchemie , Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 2019, ISBN 978-3-662-59669-2
  9. ^ Janiak, Christoph, Meyer, Hans-Jürgen, Gudat, Dietrich, Kurz, Philipp and Meyer, Hans-Jürgen. Riedel Modern Inorganic Chemistry, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.
  10. ↑ Peter MH Kroneck and Martha E. Sosa Torres: Metals, Microbes, and Minerals - The Biogeochemical Side of Life. Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter, 2021 doi : 10.1515 / 9783110589771

literature

  • George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. 2nd Edition. Springer, New York NY et al. 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .