Clausthal

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Clausthal
Mountain and university town Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Coat of arms of the former mining town Clausthal
Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′ 13 ″  N , 10 ° 19 ′ 59 ″  E
Height : 560 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation : 1924
Postal code : 38678
Area code : 05323
Clausthal (Lower Saxony)
Clausthal

Location of Clausthal in Lower Saxony
The mining town of Clausthal around 1654/1658, engraving by Matthäus Merian
The mining town of Clausthal around 1654/1658, engraving by Matthäus Merian
The Kronenplatz is the center of Clausthal

The formerly free mountain town of Clausthal is the largest district of the Lower Saxony mountain and university town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld .

geography

Clausthal is located in the Upper Harz, south of the Zellerfeld district and north of the border with the Göttingen district .

history

Clausthal was built at the intersection of Alte Harzstraße and Harzhochstraße , the predecessor of federal highways 241 and 242 .

The town of Clausthal, which was elevated to the status of "Free Mining Town" in 1554, merged with the neighboring district town of Zellerfeld to form the new mining town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld in 1924 . On January 1, 1972, the municipality of Buntenbock , located south of Clausthal, was incorporated. From 1972 to 2014 Clausthal was the administrative seat of the Upper Harz municipality , which was dissolved on January 1, 2015. The mining and university town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld was newly formed from the mining town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld, the mining town of Altenau, the mining town of Wildemann and the community of Schulenberg in the Upper Harz. The town hall is located in Clausthal next to the market church.

City fires

The city suffered several fire disasters. In 1631 43 houses were destroyed after a lightning strike. On September 20, 1634, a fire destroyed 162 houses and outbuildings, the town hall, the market church - the predecessor of today's market church - and other public buildings. Almost five years later, on April 15, 1639, another city fire claimed 53 houses.

After the city had grown from 36 houses in 1654 to 862 houses by 1725, another fire broke out on March 25, 1725. 400 residential buildings, the Amthaus, the town hall, the Clausthaler Mint and other public buildings fell victim to this.

For the prevention of further devastating fire disasters adopted George II . an improved fire order .

More fires followed. Eight houses were destroyed on the Zellbach in 1805, 29 houses in 1818, twelve houses in 1822, 28 houses in 1823, nine houses in 1833 and seven houses in 1842, before another major fire disaster broke out on September 15, 1844, which included 213 houses and 235 outbuildings , destroyed various public buildings and the Gottesackerkirche.

On April 18, 1854, another fire destroyed 101 houses and 114 outbuildings. The brewery and four surrounding buildings were destroyed by a damaging fire on July 6, 1874.

On August 26, 1883 another ten houses were destroyed by fire and another five houses on December 29, 1924.

education

Clausthal is home to the Clausthal elementary school, a secondary school and a secondary school, the Robert Koch School (grammar school), the School of Business and Technology (FWT) and the Clausthal University of Technology (TUC).

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the mountain town Clausthal has been proven since 1556. It showed the gezähe (that of the miner hammer and chisel ); A wayside shrine was included in the coat of arms as a religious symbol to protect the miners . This shows Jesus on the cross, two worshipers kneel underneath. In front of the wayside shrine, a lion stands as a symbol for the family of the Guelphs , to whose domain in the Principality of Grubenhagen Clausthal belonged at that time. In later images of the coat of arms, the wayside shrine was supplemented by a chapel, in whose gable wall the cross with the prayers was added. The chapel, which is also known as the “hermitage”, should stand for the name of the city. In the 19th century, the illustration shown, in which the lion is lying on a green lawn, prevailed; behind the hermitage the miner's symbol mallets and iron.

After the unification of Clausthal and Zellerfeld (1924), it was not until 1934 that the new town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld received its own coat of arms. Here, the old representation without the hermitage was taken up again, as a symbol for the added Zellerfeld district , its gold-red colors were adopted. The color of this coat of arms was revised again in 1953 and has been run by the city of Clausthal-Zellerfeld since 1955.

traffic

The station Clausthal-Zellerfeld and the breakpoint Clausthal East were at the Innerste Valley Railway . This route is now closed , the route is used as a hiking trail and for cross-country skiing.

Web links

literature

  • Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch . Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 79-80 .
  • Herbert Lommatzsch: The mountain town of Clausthal - in the early 18th century . In: General Harz Mountain Calendar for 1960 . Piepersche Druckerei, 1959, p. 30-33 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Heinrich Morich: The Upper Harz Churches . In: General Harz Mountain Calendar . 1938, pp. 35-38
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Heinrich Morich: The earlier fire catastrophes in the Upper Harz. In: General Harz Mountain Calendar . 1939, pp. 42-44