Colombard

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Colombard
Synonyms see section synonyms
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color White
use
origin France
VIVC no. 2771
ancestry

Cross of
Heunisch white × Chenin

List of grape varieties

Colombard is a white wine variety . It originally played an important role in the Cognac region alongside the Ugni Blanc ( Trebbiano ) and Folle Blanche varieties . However, since the wine is richer in alcohol and less acidic than the wine of the other two types, its importance decreased increasingly. In the past, the grape variety was often confused with the Sémillon because of its appearance .

The worldwide vineyard area should be around 40,000 hectares .

A wide-ranging DNA analysis carried out by Carole Meredith in 1999 with 352 grape varieties suggests that the Colombard variety is a natural cross of the Gouais Blanc and Chenin Blanc varieties. The same research showed that the Meslier-Saint-François and Balzac Blanc varieties, similar to Colombard, all emerged from spontaneous crosses between Gouais Blanc and Chenin Blanc.

Parentage: Gouais Blanc × Chenin Blanc

distribution

United States

In California (→ Viticulture in California ), more precisely in the Central Valley , the variety plays a more important role in producing simple white wines. Certain base wines are also processed into brandy here . In 2007, the area under vines was 28,649 acres (= 11,575 hectares) after it was 18,600 hectares in the 1990s.

France

Lately, Colombard has been increasingly being planted again in the Armagnac region in order to give the simple country wines of Gascogne ( Vin du Pays de Gascogne ) a reliable face. The wines are usually very simple. Colombard is also one of the main types of the Floc de Gascogne liqueur wine .

The grape variety is also used in simple wines from the areas around Blaye and Bourg in Bordeaux . It is used as a secondary variety in the Crémant de Bordeaux . In 2007, the area under vines amounted to 7,710 hectares (source ONIVINS) after it was over 13,000 hectares in the 1950s.

South Africa

In 2007, 11,849 hectares were planted with Colombard.

Other countries

Stocks are known in Australia (→ viticulture in Australia , (2669 hectares, status 2008)), Mexico, Spain (→ viticulture in Spain ) and Israel (→ viticulture in Israel ), and for some years also in Thailand (Hua Hin Hills Vineyard, Siam Winery).

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

In ampelography , the habitus is described as follows:

  • The shoot tip is open. It is very hairy whitish with a slightly reddish tinge. The green, slightly yellowish young leaves are moderately hairy.
  • The leaves (see also the article leaf shape ) are usually wholly or three-lobed and only slightly curved. They are quite fat. The stem bay is V-shaped open. The leaf margin is serrated with medium strength.
  • The cylindrical grape is medium-sized and shouldered. The oval berries are medium-sized and whitish-gold in color. The berries are juicy.

Colombard is susceptible to powdery mildew and raw rot . The yields are a high 100 hectoliters / hectare or a little higher.

So far, 12 clones have been selected and recognized in France. The most common are the clones n ° 607 (very high-yielding, used in Armagnac), n ° 551, n ° 552, n ° 606 and n ° 625 (lower yield with better quality, therefore suitable for the production of white wine).

The Colombard grape variety ripens around 20 days after the Gutedel and is therefore relatively early. It is a variety of the noble grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ). It has hermaphroditic flowers and is therefore self-fruiting. In viticulture , the economic disadvantage of not having to grow male plants that produce yield is avoided.

Synonyms

Due to its widespread use, the list of synonyms is quite extensive. Colombard is also known under the following names: Bardero, Blanc Emery, Blanquette, Bon Blanc, Chabrier Vert, Charbrier Vert, Colombar, Colombard Bijeli, Colombeau, Colombie, Colombier, Coulombier, Cubzadais, Donne Rousse, Donne Verte, French Colombard, Gros Blanc Doux, Gros Blanc Roux, Guenille, Kolombar, Martin Cot, Pied Tendre, Quene Tendre, Quene Vert, Queue Tendre, Queue Verte, Semilao, West's White Prolific.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John E. Bowers, René Siret, Carole P. Meredith, Patrice This, Jean-Michel Boursiquot: A Single Pair of Parents proposed for a Group of Grapevine Varieties in Northeastern France. In: Alain Bouquet, Jean-Michel Boursiquot (Ed.): Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Grapevine Genetics and Breeding. Montpellier, France, 6-10 July 1998 (= Acta Horticulturae. No. 528). International Society for Horticultural Science - Section Viticulture - Working Group on Environmental Physiology of Fruit Crops et al., Leuven et al. 2000, ISBN 90-6605-892-7 , pp. 129-132, doi: 10.17660 / ActaHortic.2000.528.15 , ( online (PDF; 19 kB) ).
  2. ↑ California Grape acreage, 2007 Crop, by the California Department of food and agriculture , Sacramento, published April 2008
  3. ↑ Les Cepages Noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Statistics on white grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 1, Publication of the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS, as of 2008
  4. ↑ Les Cepages Noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Statistics on white grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 2, Publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS, as of 2008
  5. ↑ South African Wine Industry Statistics ( Memento of 19 December 2014 Internet Archive ), released in June 2008
  6. ↑ Areas of vines and grape production by variety - 2007-2008. In: Annual Report 2008–2009. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation, 2009, p. 89 , accessed November 25, 2014 .

literature

Web links