Cordyceps
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Pupa core club ( Cordyceps militaris ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cordyceps | ||||||||||||
| Fr. emend. GHSung , JM Sung , Hywel-Jones & Spatafora |
The genus Cordyceps belongs to the Ascomycota mushrooms . Cordyceps - species parasitize arthropods (Arthropoda) and form pale or light-colored fruiting bodies with fleshy Stromata .
The type is the pupa core club ( Cordyceps militaris ).
features
Macroscopic features
The parasitic fungi grow through the host and first form a subiculum , from which collective fruiting bodies, so-called stroma, grow. These and the subiculum are pale or lightly pigmented and fleshy. The actual, small fruiting bodies, the perithecia , are superficially or completely sunk into the stroma.
Microscopic features
The colorless and cylindrical tubes have thickened tips. The colorless and cylindrical spores formed therein are multiply septated and disintegrate into partial spores or not. They rarely have a thread-like structure at the spindle-shaped ends.
ecology
Cordyceps species attack larvae or pupae of various insects in the leaf litter, in mosses or in the upper soil layers. So z. B. the in Europe widespread pupa core club on dead caterpillars of larger butterflies. Species that infest deer truffles are now consistently assigned to the genus Elaphocordyceps .
It is believed that a rise in temperature is responsible for the decline in deposits.
Systematics and distribution
The first description of Cordyceps was in Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link : Handbook for the Recognition of the Most Usable and Most Frequently Occurring Plants , 1833, p. 346. The type is the pupa core club ( Cordyceps militaris ). It originally comprised all core legs that were characterized by their parasitic way of life on insects or deer truffles and their fleshy or stalked fruiting bodies. Phylogenetic examinations showed a division into three clades.
The genus Cordyceps s. l. occurs worldwide, except in Antarctica . Only a few species occur in Europe or are to be expected there: coniferous core lobe ( Cordyceps bifusispora ), Cordyceps memorabilis , pupa core lobe ( Cordyceps militaris ) and humped core lobe ( Cordyceps tuberculata ). All other types of core lobes were assigned to the genera Elaphocordyceps or Ophiocordyceps .
A number of core lobes still require a molecular genetic analysis to identify them clearly to the three splinter genera Cordyceps s. str., Elaphocordyceps and Ophiocordyceps . The following taxa that have already been investigated belong to the genus Cordyceps in the narrower sense:
| Cordyceps worldwide |
Pharmaceutical Marketing
The mushroom is collected in Qinghai Amdo because it is said to have a pharmaceutical effect.
See also
Web links
- Cordyceps Fungus - The mind-control killer fungi. In: YouTube . Retrieved on July 8, 2012 (English, video about the fruiting of a Cordyceps species from an infested 24-hour ant and circlingtrackingshots around various Cordyceps species on their hosts).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Gi-Ho Sung, Nigel L. Hywel-Jones, Jae-Mo Sung, J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Bhushan Shrestha, Joseph W. Spatafora: Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi . In: Studies in Mycology , 57, 2007, pp. 5-59. doi : 10.3114 / sim.2007.57.01 . (PDF; 2.93 MB)
- ↑ Carl von Linné : Clavaria militaris . In: Species Plantarum . 1753, p. 1182 .
- ↑ Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8354-0053-5 , p. 550
- ^ [1] Reuters , accessed October 22, 2019
- ↑ a b data set Cordyceps Fr. 1833 . MycoBank. Fungal databases. Nomenclature and Species Banks. Online Taxonomic Novelties Submission. International Mycological Association. Retrieved August 27, 2011.
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Cordyceps . On: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved August 27, 2007.