Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim

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Damian Hugo Cardinal von Schönborn (portrait)
Altarpiece in the parish church of Gaibach around 1745, it shows three influential generations from the Schönborn family, including Damian Hugo Philipp in the middle, with a red cardinal's biret and Teutonic cross
As Prince-Bishop of Speyer

Damian Hugo Philipp Reichsgraf von Schönborn-Buchheim (born September 19, 1676 in Mainz ; †  August 19, 1743 in Bruchsal ) was Prince-Bishop of Speyer from 1719 , Cardinal from 1721 and Prince-Bishop of Konstanz from 1740 .

Origin - The Schönborn House

Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim came from the von Schönborn family . He was the third son of 18 children of kurmainzischen State Minister Melchior Friedrich von Schönborn-Buchheim was born and had the Mainz elector-archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn as uncle.

His brothers were the Prince-Bishops Franz Georg von Schönborn-Buchheim , Friedrich Karl von Schönborn-Buchheim and Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn and the politician Rudolf Franz Erwein von Schönborn ; his great-nephew and godchild was the Speyer cathedral capitular and later Bishop of Roermond , Philipp Damian von Hoensbroech (1724-1793).

Life

Spiritual career

Although he received a deeply religious education, he was not initially chosen for the clergy. After studying at the universities of Würzburg , Mainz , Rome , Leiden and Leuven , he was a company commander in the army of Emperor Leopold I in 1699. From 1699 to 1706 he also served as Commander of the Teutonic Order of St. Aegidius in Aachen and from 1707 to 1715 as Land Commander of the Ballei Hessen of the Teutonic Order in Alden-Biesen and Marburg as well as envoy at the Viennese court and undertook diplomatic missions.

At the suggestion of the Polish electoral king August the Strong , he was in 1715 by Pope Clement XI. called to the college of cardinals although he had not yet received ordinations. In 1721 he was cardinal deacon of the titular deaconry San Nicola in Carcere . Despite his participation in two conclaves Hugo Damian remained in the curia without influence. In 1719, through the mediation of his uncle Lothar Franz, he was elected Prince-Bishop of Speyer. Only then was he ordained a priest on August 15, 1720 . He was ordained bishop on February 24, 1721 by Johann Edmund Gedult von Jungsfeld , auxiliary bishop in Mainz ; Co-consecrators were Johann Baptist Gegg , auxiliary bishop in Worms, and Johann Joachim Hahn , also auxiliary bishop in Mainz. Cardinal von Schönborn took part in the conclave of 1721 , which Pope Innocent XIII. chose; he appeared in Rome the day before the end of the conclave.

Bishop of Speyer

His more than twenty years as Bishop of Speyer was a peaceful epoch combined with an economic and cultural boom. Damian Hugo Philipp tried to consolidate the financial budget, to this end he carried out various administrative reforms and founded model companies to stimulate the economy. In 1722 compulsory schooling was introduced.

After heated arguments with the council of the Protestant imperial city of Speyer , he moved his residence to Bruchsal in 1723 , where he had the magnificent Bruchsal Castle built by the ingenious master builder Balthasar Neumann . In Waghäusel he left off in 1724 by Johann Michael Ludwig Rohrer the Hermitage hunting lodge built that by 1737 Neumann was expanded. At the 1724 conclave , which Pope Benedict XIII. chose, he was not present.

In 1730 Cardinal Schönborn took part in the four-month conclave in Rome, in which Clement XII. was elected Pope.

Late years

Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn on his deathbed, 1743

With the help of his brothers, he was elected coadjutor of the Diocese of Constance as early as 1722 , but only acquired ownership of the bishopric 18 years later and was no longer able to exercise any influence there. He could no longer take part in the 1740 conclave . Hugo Damian von Schönborn died of the effects of malaria that he contracted during his time in Rome. After a temporary burial, he was buried in 1755 in the bishop's crypt in the Peterskirche in Bruchsal , which was newly built on his instructions . Despite major construction activities, he left his successor 1.8 million guilders in the state treasury.

During his life and reign the high point of the Schönborn family's influence on the fate of the empire fell.

coat of arms

Prince Bishops usually introduced gemehrtes personal crest, which consists of elements of the family crest and the arms of the diocese.

Magnificent coat of arms of the Prince-Bishop

The splendid coat of arms of Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim on the facade of the Bruchsal Castle that he built contains the following three coats of arms: The (optically) left coat of arms is square . In alternation there is a silver cross in blue (for the bishopric of Speyer ) and in red a silver castle with a gate and two towers, above a gold crown (for the prince-provost of Weißenburg ). This crossing indicates the long-term personal union of the two offices. The right shield shows the family coat of arms of the Schönborn : in red a two-tailed golden lion striding on three silver tips, which is crowned in blue. In the middle there is a smaller coat of arms with a double black paw cross in silver, which stands for the two Land Commanderies of the Teutonic Order Alden-Biesen and Marburg (see also the list of those coming of the Teutonic Order ). The three individual coats of arms are arranged under a princely hat . Decorated with further insignia of power, the coat of arms is framed by a gold frame that ends with a cardinal's hat . There are no references to the Diocese of Constance in this representation because Damian Hugo only took it over much later.

Varia

The Schönborn-Gymnasium Bruchsal , which he donated in 1723 and founded in 1755 , which was originally located in Bruchsal Castle, was named after him in 1954.

The Heidelberg medical professor Johannes Christoph Ludwig Beringer (1709–1746) acted as his personal physician .

Buildings of the Prince-Bishop Damian Hugo

literature

Web links

Commons : Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Source on participation in the conclave of 1730 in the Google book search
predecessor Office successor
Heinrich Hartard von Rollingen Prince-Bishop of Speyer and
Prince Provost of Weißenburg
1719–1743 		Franz Christoph von Hutten to the Stolzenberg
Johann Franz II of Stauffenberg Prince-Bishop of Constance
1740–1743 		Kasimir Anton von Sickingen
Friedrich von Renesse Commander of the Coming in Aachen
1699–1706 		Bertram Anton von Wachtendonk
personal data
SURNAME Schönborn-Buchheim, Damian Hugo Philipp von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schönborn-Buchheim, Damian Hugo Philipp Reichsgraf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Cardinal and Prince-Bishop of Speyer and Constance
DATE OF BIRTH September 19, 1676
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1743
Place of death Bruchsal