Darna

Darnis is a redirect to this article. For the titular bishopric see Titular Archbishopric Darnis .

درنة Derna Darna
Darna
Coordinates	32 ° 46 ′  N , 22 ° 38 ′  E Coordinates: 32 ° 46 ′  N , 22 ° 38 ′  E
Basic data
Country	Libya
Shaʿbiyya	Darna
Residents	50,000
Coastal view of Darna

Darna ( Arabic درنة, DMG Darna ), also Derna , is a port city in northeast Libya , in the historical region of Cyrenaica . Formerly the capital of one of the richest provinces of the barbarian states , it is now the capital of the municipality of the same name .

Surname

In Greek sources Darnis ( Δάρνις; ) and Darne , occasionally also incorrectly Dardanis, can be read. In the Roman Empire the city was known as Darnis or Derna . The spellings Derne ( Derna ) and Terneh (Ternah) have been widespread since Arabic Islamization .

history

Old market in Darna

During the Hellenistic era , ancient Darna belonged to the Libyan Pentapolis . In the Roman Empire, the city was civil, and later religious metropolis of Libya Secunda or as Libya inferior designated Marmarica region.

As a former metropolitan bishopric of the Roman province of Libya in the diocese of Egypt in the 4th or 6th century, Darnis is still a titular archbishopric of the Roman Catholic Church.

During the expulsion of the Muslims from Spain ( Al-Andalus ) in 1493, the city was rebuilt on the ruins of the ancient settlement.

During the Ottoman rule Darna was initially under the governor of Tripoli , a little later from 1711 it came to the sultanate of Karamanli , before it became the property of the autonomous Sanjak of Benghazi in 1835 , which encompasses the entire Cyrenaica and was directly under Constantinople. From 1875 this sanjak was transformed into the Vilâyet Cyrenaica . By 1850 the city had about 4,500 inhabitants who engaged in agriculture, fishing and sea trade.

The oldest mosque in Darna is the al-Maschid al-Atik , the "Old Mosque", which was rebuilt in 1772 by Wali Mahmud Karamanli and decorated with 42 small domes. This architectural style resulted from the lack of building materials such as wood or stone in Cyrenaica. Another mosque, Maschid az-Zawiya , was built in 1846.

The French admiral Ganteaume landed in Darna in June 1800 and tried to let troops march overland from here during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt . However, his attempt failed due to resistance from local troops.

Darna was the site of the Battle of Derna in 1805, in which US General William Eaton marched about 500 miles through the Libyan Desert and captured the city during the First Barbarian War . On January 30, 1940, Australian troops took over Darna, which was occupied by the Italian army, during the North African campaign .

In 2007 US troops captured a list of foreign fighters from the Iraqi resistance in Iraq . Of the 112 named Libyans, 52 came from Darna, so more jihadists from Darna went to Iraq than from any other city in the Islamic world.

Islamic emirate of Barqa

In the 2011 civil war , Darna was the first Libyan city to come under the control of the Libyan opposition movement. On February 16, 2011, an arms depot of the Libyan army was attacked and captured, and two days later the entire city was under the control of the insurgents. The leader of the rebels in Darna was Abdel-Hakim al-Hasadi , a former member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group , who is said to have proclaimed the Islamic Emirate of Barqa in the city . The proclamation of the Islamic emirate was also confirmed by the Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini . A few weeks later, Al-Hasadi and his fighters were integrated into the newly formed Libyan National Liberation Army as the Darna Brigade .

From 2014, the city was under the control of the terrorist militia "Islamic State" .

After the beheading of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya by IS at the beginning of 2015, the Egyptian Air Force carried out air strikes against IS training camps and arsenals in Libya in Darna, among other places. The air force of the internationally recognized Libyan government also attacked targets in Darna in coordination with Egypt.

In mid-2015 the “Shura Council of Mujahideen in Derna”, an umbrella organization of various Islamist groups with ties to Al-Qaida , which is in opposition to both IS and the internationally recognized Libyan government, launched an offensive against IS. On July 30, 2015, it was reported that the majority of IS fighters had been evicted from Darna.

The city has been besieged by Libya's eastern armed forces since 2015 .

Geography and climate

Rocky coast near Darna

Darna is located at the eastern end of the Jabal al-Achdar mountains , which is the most fertile and tree-rich area in Libya due to its relatively high rainfall.

Darna
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     60   18th 11     39   18th 11     28   19th 11     10   22nd 14th     6th   24 16     2   27 20th     0   28 22nd     0   29 23     4th   28 22nd     32   26th 19th     36   23 16     57   19th 12 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Darna Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 17.5 18.2 19.4 21.7 24.3 27.3 28.2 29.1 28.1 26.1 23.1 19.2 O 23.5 Min. Temperature (° C) 10.7 10.8 11,, 7 13.8 16.2 19.7 22.3 23.2 21.9 18.6 15.5 12.2 O 16.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 60 39 28 10 6th 2 0 0 4th 32 36 57 Σ 274 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 4.7 6.1 6.4 7.3 8.9 9.7 9.6 9.5 8.3 6.9 6.1 4.8 O 7.4 Rainy days ( d ) 8th 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 1 4th 5 8th Σ 38 Humidity ( % ) 76 72 74 74 74 75 80 80 75 74 75 78 O 75.6 Source: wetterkontor.de

See also

• Municipality of Darna
• Apostolic Vicariate Derna

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Claudius Ptolemy 4, 4, 2; 5; 6th
2. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus 22, 16, 4.
3. ↑ Hierocles, Synecdemus 734.3; Lequien , Oriens Christianus II, 631; Heinrich Gelzer , Georgii Cyprii descripto orbis Romani , 142.
4. ↑ Vailhé, S. (1913) "Tripoli, Prefecture Apostolic of" Catholic Encyclopedia volume 15, page 59
5. ^ Hayes, Carlton Joseph Huntley (1919) A political and social history of modern Europe, Volume 1 Macmillan, New York, page 514 , OCLC 19118611
6. ↑ Hamilton, James (1856) Wanderings in North Africa J. Murray, London, page 117 , OCLC 5659586
7. ^ Piers Mackesy: British victory in Egypt, 1801: the end of Napoleon's conquest . Routledge, London 1995, ISBN 0-415-04064-7 , p. 162 .
8. ^ Paul Strathern: Napoleon in Egypt. Bantam Books, New York 2008, ISBN 978-0-553-80678-6 , p. 418 .
9. ↑ Destination: Martyrdom . Newsweek , April 28, 2008.
10. ↑ libyan islamists seize arms and take hostages. In: The Sydney Morning Herald . February 21, 2011, accessed May 25, 2011 . 
11. ↑ Alexander Cockburn: Libya rebels: Gaddafi could be right about al-Qaeda. In: thefirstpost.co.uk. March 24, 2011, accessed May 25, 2011 . 
12. ^ Al Qaeda sets up 'Islamic emirate'. In: news.com.au. February 24, 2011, accessed May 25, 2011 . 
13. ↑ Jared Malsin, Chris Stephen: Egyptian air strikes in Libya kill dozens of Isis militants. In: The Guardian . February 17, 2015, accessed April 6, 2016 . 
14. ↑ Libyan air force loyal to official government bombed targets in eastern city of Derna. In: Ynetnews . February 16, 2015, accessed April 6, 2016 . 
15. ^ Essam Zuber: Libya officials: Jihadis driving IS from eastern stronghold. In: Associated Press . July 30, 2015, accessed April 6, 2016 . 

Web links

Commons : Derna  - collection of images, videos and audio files