Australia demographics

Population pyramid of Australia 2017

The population of Australia is estimated at 25,653,000 as of March 21, 2020. Australia is the 52nd most populous country in the world and the most populous country in Oceania and is one of the world's lowest population densities . Its population is mainly concentrated in coastal urban areas and is projected to exceed 37 million by 2050. The population of Australia has grown rapidly from an estimated population between 300,000 and 1,000,000 at the time of British colonization in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration in the following period. It has quadrupled since the end of the First World War alone . Australia has the eighth largest immigrant population in the world, with immigrants as a proportion of the population at 29%, higher than any other nation with a population of over 10 million. Due to immigration from other continents, especially from Asia , the proportion of the population of European descent is decreasing in percentage terms and was 76% in 2016, with 58% being of Anglo-Celtic and 18% of other European descent. Another feature is the high level of urbanization. With 86% of the population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world. The country's life expectancy is among the highest in the world. Thanks to high immigration rates and a higher birth rate than most developed countries, the average population is younger than most industrialized countries and has a birth surplus. However, aging can also be observed in Australia. With a population growth rate of over one percent, Australia has a comparatively high population dynamic. Australia has a high standard of living and is one of the wealthiest societies in the world. In 2019, Australian citizens had a median total wealth of over US $ 191,000 per capita, the highest figure in the world.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics , which organizes a census every five years, is responsible for collecting data on the population . Australia generally does not collect data on skin color or ethnicity, with the exception of Australian Aborigines and the indigenous people of the Torres Strait Islands , but the Australian census does ask respondents to provide their ancestry. The 2016 census counted 649,171 people (2.8% of the total population) as Aboriginal or indigenous residents of the Torres Strait Islands. Today, most of the Australian Aborigines live on the east coast of Australia, where nearly 60% of the Australian Aborigines live in New South Wales (208,476) and Queensland (188,954), where they make up about 2 to 5% of the population of these states. The Northern Territory has an indigenous population of almost 70,000 and represents about 30% of the total population of the Northern Territory. The Aborigines are socially and economically disadvantaged compared to the majority population.

Ethnicity and descent

Proportion of indigenous population (2011)

The earliest accepted time frame for the first Australian Aboriginal arrivals to the continent of Australia was at least 65,000 years ago, most likely from the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea .

The British captain James Cook was the first European to reach the east coast of Australia on April 28, 1770. At the time, the indigenous population was estimated at 315,000 to 750,000, divided into up to 500 tribes who spoke many different languages ​​and lived as hunters and gatherers . The British declared the country to be Terra Nullius and established the Australian convict colony after the arrival of the First Fleet on January 18, 1788 in Botany Bay . Little by little, more independent British colonies emerged on the continent of Australia and on January 1, 1901, they formed the national state of Australia . The indigenous population was clearly decimated by the British land grabbing and colonization measures and their introduced diseases. The indigenous population of the island of Tasmania , the Tasmanians , even died out completely as a result. A record of the native population in Australia has only been available since 1961.

For generations, the vast majority of colonial settlers and post-federation immigrants came from the British Isles, although the gold mines also attracted migrants from other countries, particularly China. Australia's population has more than doubled since the end of World War II, compounded by massive European immigration in the immediate post-war decades. At that time, the White Australia Policy prevented non-European immigration. However, the origin of the immigrants was already shifting away from English-speaking countries towards southern European immigrants. The abolition of the White Australia policy in the mid-1970s led to a significant increase in non-European immigration, especially from Asia, and to a change in the composition of the population.

In the Australian census of 2016, these were the most common ancestries given: the term Australian as ancestry indicates ancestry from the first British settlers and is different from indigenous ancestry.

ancestry	Proportion of the population
English	36.1%
Australian	33.5%
Irish	11.0%
Scottish	9.3%
Chinese	5.6%
Italian	4.6%
German	4.5%
Indian	2.8%
Indigenous	2.8%
Greek	1.8%
Dutch	1.6%
Filipino	1.4%
Vietnamese	1.4%
Lebanese	1.0%

migration

→ Main article : Australia's migration and asylum policy

Australian population by country of birth (2016)

Share of migrants (2011)

Number of migrants (1976 to 2017)

Permanent European settlement began in 1788 with the establishment of a British penal colony in New South Wales . Since the early federation in 1901, Australia adhered to the White Australia Policy, which banned the entry of people of non-European ethnic origin into Australia and was only abolished after World War II . More than 7 million people have settled in Australia since 1945. Since the late 1970s there has been a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a multicultural country.

The net migration from overseas rose from 30,042 people in 1992/93 to 178,582 people in 2015/16. A total of 7.3 million people were born abroad, which is one of the highest proportions of immigrants in the world. The largest components of immigration are the skilled migration and family reunification programs. The country conducts immigration on a selective basis according to a point system and recruits many highly qualified workers from abroad. As of 2016, Indian Australians were the most educated group of migrants in Australia. 54.6% of Indians in Australia have a bachelor's degree or higher, more than three times the Australian average of 17.2% in 2011.

A 2014 sociological study found that "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to immigration of Western nations". At the same time, immigration is tightly regulated and the country is cracking down on illegal migration. Australia is a signatory to the Refugee Status Agreement and has taken in many asylum seekers. In recent years, however, Australia's policy of compulsory detention of unauthorized sea arrivals has been a source of controversy.

In general, Australia is not a country of emigration. In 2017, almost 540,000 Australians lived abroad.

Australian population by country of birth

place of birth	Number of people
Total domestic	17,650,000
Total abroad	7,341,910
England	992,000
People's Republic of China	651,000
India	592,000
New Zealand	568,000
Philippines	278,000
Vietnam	256,000
South Africa	189,000
Italy	187,000
Malaysia	174,000
Scotland	135,000
Sri Lanka	134,500
South Korea	116.120
Germany	114,580
Greece	108,830
United States	108,610
Hong Kong	100,620
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2018)

Population distribution

Administrative areas of Australia (excluding external areas)

Australia has a population density of 3 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. The country's inhabitants are also concentrated in a few regions in the south-east of the country and on the coastal regions, while the north, west and center of Australia are almost deserted. Urbanization happened very early in Australia, and by 1960 more than 80% of the population lived in cities, a percentage that has only increased slightly since then. Australia is one of the most urbanized nations. 90 percent of the population live in just 0.22 percent of the country's land area and 85 percent within 50 kilometers of the coast. At the 2016 census, more than two-thirds of Australians lived in a capital city of a territory or state, with 40 percent of the population living in the two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne alone . Australian cities usually have no historical core, but mostly have a modern inner city with high-rise buildings and extensive suburbs or satellite cities around them.

Australia consists of the six states of Queensland , New South Wales , Victoria , Tasmania , South Australia and Western Australia , the three territories Australian Capital Territory , Jervis Bay Territory and the Northern Territory, and seven outlying areas .

State / Territory	Population (2016 census)	Land area in km 2	Population density per km 2	source
New South Wales (NSW)	7,797,800	800,642	8.6
Victoria (VIC)	6.244.200	227,416	23.5
Queensland (QLD)	4,883,700	1,730,648	2.5
Western Australia (WA)	2,474,410	2,526,674	1.0
South Australia (SA)	1,717,000	983.482	1.6
Tasmania (TAS)	519.100	68,401	7.2
Australian Capital Territory (ACT)	406,400	2,358	151.5
Northern Territory (NT)	245,000	1,349,129	0.2
Jervis Bay Territory (JBT)	391	68	5.6

language

Although Australia does not have an official language, English is de facto the national language and the official language. Australian English has a great variety of pronounced accented languages ​​and is slightly different from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling. General Australian serves as the standard dialect.

According to the 2016 census, English is the only language spoken at home for 72.7% of the population. The next most common languages ​​spoken at home are Mandarin (2.5%), Arabic (1.4%), Cantonese (1.2%), Vietnamese (1.2%), Italian (1.2%), Greek (1st , 0%) and Hindi (0.7%): a significant proportion of first and second generation migrants are bilingual.

It is believed that at the time of first European contact with the continent, there were over 250 Native Australian languages, fewer than twenty of which are still spoken by all age groups on a daily basis. About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people. The loss of culture and language is largely due to prolonged attempts by the government to assimilate the indigenous people. At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Aboriginal people, who make up 12% of the indigenous population, reported speaking an indigenous language at home.

There is a sign language in Australia known as Auslan, which is the primary language of approximately 10,112 pigeons who reported speaking Auslan at home in the 2016 census.

religion

Australia has historically been a Protestant majority nation with a Catholic minority. Australia has now become a religiously diverse country: 22% are Catholic, 30% have no religion, and there are significant numbers of Muslims , Buddhists , Hindus, and others. While Australia has no official religion, the various Australian governments invoke the Christian God in their ceremonies, as do the various Australian courts. Overall, 52.1% of Australians are Christians, 30.1% have no religion and 8.2% are followers of any other religion.

In an optional question about the 2016 census, 52.1% of the Australian population declared themselves to be followers of Christianity. Historically, the percentage has been far higher and the religious landscape of Australia is changing and diversifying. In the same census in 2016, 30.1% of Australians said they "have no religion" and another 9.6% chose not to answer the question. The remaining population is a diverse group that includes Muslims (2.6%), Buddhists (2.4%), Hindus (1.9%), Sikhs (0.5%) and Jews (0.4%) .

As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in active religious life is lower than the proportion of the population who consider themselves to be part of a religion would suggest. So z. For example, weekly participation in Christian worship services is only around 1.5 million, which corresponds to around 7.5% of the population. Christian charities, hospitals and schools play important roles in welfare and educational work. The Catholic education system is the second largest sector after state schools, with more than 650,000 students (and about 21 percent of all secondary school enrollments).

health

Australia has a highly developed health care system, although the size of the country means that services are not evenly distributed. Health care in Australia is provided by both government and private companies, often covered by Medicare . Health care in Australia is largely funded by the national, state and local government, as well as private health insurance companies; however, health care costs are also borne by non-profit organizations, with a significant portion of the costs borne by individual patients or charities. Some services are provided by volunteers, particularly remote and psychological health care. In 2017/18, total health care spending was $ 185.4 billion, which is $ 7,485 per person. The bulk of health expenditure was accounted for by hospitals (40%) and primary health care (34%). Health expenditure accounted for 10% of total economic activity.

For most health indicators, Australia does well in an international comparison. The average life expectancy in 2017 was 82.4 years (men: 80.4 years, women: 84.7 years) and is among the highest in the world. Infant mortality was 3.1 in 1,000 births in 2018, which is low by international standards. One problem is the high rate of obesity. In 2017-18, the National Health Survey by the Australian Bureau of Statistics showed that two-thirds (67.0%) of Australian adults were overweight or obese (12.5 million people). The National Health Study also showed that nearly a quarter (24.9%) of children ages 5-17 were overweight or obese in 2017/18. There is a large gap in various health indicators between Aboriginal people and the rest of the population. They have a significantly higher rate of suicides, obesity and alcohol consumption. Their life expectancy was almost 9 years shorter in 2015/17.

education

In Australia, classes begin between the ages of five or six and end at fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen depending on the state or territory and date of birth. In primary and secondary education, government schools educate about 60 percent of Australian students, and about 40 percent attend non-government schools. In the tertiary level, most Australian universities are public and tuition fees are subsidized through a student loan program where payment is due when the debtors reach a certain income level.

Based on the Australian Qualifications Framework introduced in 1995, Australia has implemented a national qualifications system that encompasses higher education, vocational education and training, and school education. A national Australian curriculum has been gradually developed and implemented for elementary and secondary schools since 2010. Australia is a leading global provider of education to international students, ranks third among international education providers after the United States and the United Kingdom . Australia has by far the highest percentage of international students per capita in the world with 812,000 international students enrolled in the country's universities and vocational training institutions in 2019. Many foreigners studying in Australia stay in the country afterwards. The largest group of foreign students comes from the People's Republic of China .

The Education Index , published in 2018 together with the UN Human Development Index and based on 2017 data, led Australia with the second highest score in the world. In the 2019 PISA ranking , Australian students ranked 29th out of 78 countries in math, 17th in science, and 16th in reading comprehension. The performance is thus above the average of the OECD countries. In contrast to most other countries, the children of immigrants do better than the children of non-immigrants in the test.

statistics

Historical population

The following table contains the estimates of the population of Australia since 1788. It should be noted that the indigenous population of Australia was not recorded until 1961 and is therefore not included in the estimate. Before 1788, the indigenous population was estimated at 300,000 to one million people.

year	population	year	population
1788	859	1906	4,059,083
1798	4,588	1916	4,943,173
1808	10,263	1926	6.056.360
1818	25,859	1936	6,778,372
1828	58,197	1946	7.465.157
1838	151,868	1956	9,425,563
1848	332,328	1966	11,599,498
1858	1,050,828	1976	14,033,083
1868	1,539,552	1986	16,018,350
1878	2,092,164	1996	18,224,767
1888	2,981,677	2006	19,855,288
1898	3,664,715	2016	23,401,892

Births and Deaths since 1950

Annual development of births and deaths:

	Population (average)	Births	Deaths	Natural change	Birth rate (per 1,000 inhabitants)	Death rate (per 1,000 inh.)	Change (per 1,000 inhabitants)	Fertility per woman	Net migration
1900	3,715,000	102.221	44,060	58.161	27.3	11.8	15.5	3.66
1901	3,765,000	102,945	46,330	56,615	27.1	12.2	14.9	3.64
1902	3,824,000	102,776	48,078	54,698	26.7	12.5	14.2	3.39
1903	3,875,000	98,443	47.293	51,150	25.3	12.1	13.2	3.58
1904	3,916,000	104.113	43,572	60,541	26.4	11.0	15.4	3.54
1905	3,974,000	104,941	43,514	61,427	26.2	10.9	15.3	3.51
1906	4,032,000	107,890	44,333	63,557	26.6	10.9	15.7	3.35
1907	4,091,000	110,347	45,305	55,042	26.7	11.0	15.7	3.35
1908	4,161,000	111,545	46,426	55.119	26.6	11.1	15.5	3.35
1909	4,232,000	114.071	44.172	59,899	26.7	10.3	16.4	3.35
1910	4,323,000	116,801	45,590	61.211	26.7	10.4	16.3	3.35
1911	4,425,000	122.193	47,869	74,324	27.2	10.6	16.6	3.51
1912	4,573,000	133,088	52,177	80,911	28.6	11.2	17.4	3.51
1913	4,820,172	135.714	51,789	83,925	28.2	10.7	17.5	3.51
1914	4,893,000	137.983	51,720	86,263	28.0	10.5	17.5	3.51
1915	4,971,000	134,871	52,782	82,089	27.1	10.6	16.5	3.51
1916	4,969,000	131,426	54.197	77,219	26.6	11.0	15.6	3.07
1917	4,917,000	129,965	48,029	81,936	26.3	9.7	16.6	3.35
1918	4,982,000	125,739	50,249	75,490	25.0	10.0	15.0	3.07
1919	5,080,000	122,290	65,930	56,360	23.6	12.7	10.9	3.07
1920	5,303,000	136.406	56,289	80.117	25.5	10.5	15.5	3.07
1921	5,411,000	136.198	54,076	82.122	24.9	9.9	15.0	3.12
1922	5,510,000	137,496	51,311	86,185	24.7	9.2	15.5	3.11
1923	5,637,000	135.222	56,236	78,986	23.7	9.9	13.8	3.02
1924	5,755,000	134,927	54,980	79,953	23.2	9.4	13.8	2.97
1925	5,882,000	135,792	54,658	81,134	22.9	9.2	13.7	2.95
1926	6,000,000	133,162	56,952	76.210	22.0	9.4	12.6	2.85
1927	6,124,000	133,698	58,282	75,716	21.6	9.4	12.2	2.80
1928	6,251,000	134.078	59,378	74,700	21.3	9.4	11.9	2.77
1929	6,355,000	129,480	60,857	68,623	20.2	9.5	10.7	2.64
1930	6,436,000	128,399	55,331	73,068	19.8	8.6	11.2	2.58
1931	6,500,000	118.509	56,560	61,949	18.2	8.7	9.5	2.36
1932	6,552,000	110,933	56,757	54.176	16.9	8.6	8.3	2.19
1933	6,603,000	111,269	59,117	52,152	16.8	8.9	7.9	2.17
1934	6,656,000	109,475	62,229	47,246	16.4	9.3	7.1	2.11
1935	6,707,000	111,325	63,599	47,726	16.5	9.4	7.1	2.12
1936	6,755,000	116.073	63,932	52.141	17.1	9.4	7.7	2.18
1937	6,810,000	119.131	64,496	54,635	17.4	9.4	8.0	2.21
1938	6,871,000	120,415	66,451	53,964	17.4	9.6	7.8	2.21
1939	6,935,000	122,891	69,147	53,744	17.6	9.9	7.7	2.22
1940	7,004,000	126,347	68,384	57,963	17.9	9.7	8.2	2.26
1941	7,077,000	134,525	71.176	63,349	18.9	10.0	8.9	2.36
1942	7,143,000	136,708	75.191	61,517	19.1	10.5	8.6	2.38
1943	7,201,000	149.295	74,486	74,809	20.6	10.3	10.3	2.57
1944	7,269,000	153.344	69,596	83,748	21.0	9.5	11.5	2.63
1945	7,347,000	160,560	70.231	90.229	21.7	9.5	12.2	2.74
1946	7,430,000	176.379	74,661	101,718	23.6	10.0	13.6	2.99
1947	7,517,000	182.384	73,468	108,916	24.1	9.7	14.4	3.08
1948	7,637,000	177.976	76,839	101.137	23.1	10.0	13.1	2.98
1949	7,792,000	181.261	75,260	106.001	22.9	9.5	13.4	2.99
1950	8,045,000	190,591	78.187	112,404	23.3	9.6	13.7	3.01
1951	8,307,000	193,298	81,788	111,510	23.0	9.7	13.3	3.06
1952	8,527,000	201,650	81,597	120.053	23.4	9.5	13.9	3.15
1953	8,739,000	202.235	80.188	122,047	22.9	9.1	13.8	3.23
1954	8,902,000	202.256	81,805	120,451	22.5	9.1	13.4	3.30
1955	9,089,000	207,677	82.036	125,641	22.6	8.9	13.7	3.35
1956	9,311,000	212,633	86,088	126,545	22.5	9.1	13.4	3.39
1957	9,530,000	220.358	84,953	135.405	22.9	8.8	14.1	3.41
1958	9,744,000	222.504	83,723	138,481	22.6	8.5	14.1	3.42
1959	9,947,000	226.976	89,212	137.765	22.6	8.9	13.7	3.41
1960	10,160,000	230.326	88,464	141,862	22.4	8.6	13.8	3.39
1961	10,391,000	239.986	88,961	151.025	22.8	8.5	14.3	3.35
1962	10,642,000	237.081	93.163	143.918	22.1	8.7	13.4	3.30
1963	10,846,000	235,689	94,894	140.795	21.5	8.7	12.8	3.24
1964	11,055,000	229.149	100,594	128,555	20.5	8.7	11.8	3.17
1965	11,280,000	222,854	99,715	123.139	19.6	8.8	10.8	2.97
1966	11,505,000	223,731	103,929	119,802	19.3	9.0	10.3	2.89
1967	11,704,000	229,796	102,703	127.093	19.4	8.7	10.7	2.85
1968	11,912,000	240.906	109,547	131,359	20.0	9.1	10.9	2.89
1969	12,145,000	250.175	106,496	143,681	20.4	8.7	11.7	2.93
1970	12,407,000	257,516	113.048	144,468	20.5	9.0	10.5	2.94
1971	12,663,000	276,361	110,650	165.711	21.5	8.6	12.9	2.98
1972	13,067,000	271.960	110.191	161,769	20.6	8.4	12.2	2.74
1973	13,303,000	255.848	111,336	144,512	19.1	8.3	10.8	2.49
1974	13,504,000	243,658	110.179	133,479	17.9	8.1	9.8	2.32
1975	13,722,000	239.794	114.501	125.293	17.4	8.3	9.1	2.15
1976	13,892,000	231.135	110,610	120,525	16.6	7.9	8.7	2.06
1977	14,033,000	226,954	111,490	115.464	16.1	7.9	8.2	2.01
1978	14,192,000	226.359	108.059	118,300	15.9	7.6	8.3	1.95
1979	14,359,000	223,370	108,315	115.055	15.5	7.5	8.0	1.91
1980	14,515,000	223,664	106,654	117.010	15.3	7.3	8.0	1.89
1981	14,695,000	230.920	109,429	121,491	15.6	7.4	8.2	1.94
1982	14,923,000	237.076	110,990	116.086	15.7	7.4	8.3	1.93	128,100
1983	15,184,000	241,764	112,918	128,846	15.8	7.4	8.4	1.92	73,300
1984	15,393,000	240,544	110,887	129,657	15.5	7.2	8.3	1.84	49,100
1985	15,579,000	241.814	114.197	127,617	15.4	7.3	8.1	1.92	73,800
1986	15,788,000	239.115	116.069	123.046	15.0	7.3	7.7	1.87	100,500
1987	16,018,000	242,977	116.139	126,838	15.0	7.2	7.8	1.85	125,800
1988	16,263,000	246.200	120,463	125,737	15.0	7.3	7.7	1.83	149,400
1989	16,532,000	250.155	118,767	131,388	15.1	7.1	8.0	1.84	157,500
1990	16,814,000	257,521	125.112	132,409	15.3	7.4	7.9	1.90	124,700
1991	17,065,000	261.158	119,572	141,586	15.2	7.0	8.2	1.85	86,500
1992	17,284,000	259.186	120,836	138,350	14.9	6.9	8.0	1.89	68,600
1993	17,494,000	259,959	121,338	138,621	14.8	6.9	7.9	1.86	30,100
1994	17,667,000	258.314	123.496	134,818	14.5	7.0	7.5	1.84	46,600
1995	17,854,000	258.210	126,232	131,978	14.4	7.0	7.4	1.82	80,200
1996	18,071,000	250,438	126,400	124.038	13.8	6.9	6.9	1.80	104,000
1997	18,310,000	253,660	127,298	126,362	13.7	6.9	6.8	1.78	87,200
1998	18,517,000	249.105	129,255	119,850	13.4	6.9	6.5	1.75	79,100
1999	18,711,000	249.965	128.278	121,487	13.3	6.8	6.5	1.75	96,500
2000	18,925,000	249.310	128,392	120,918	13.1	6.7	6.4	1.75	107,200
2001	19,153,000	247,500	128,913	118,587	12.8	6.7	6.1	1.73	135,700
2002	19,413,000	250,988	133,707	117.281	12.9	6.9	6.0	1.77	110,600
2003	19,651,000	246,663	132,239	114,424	12.5	6.7	5.8	1.75	116,500
2004	19,895,000	249,082	133.231	115,851	12.4	6.7	5.7	1.76	100,000
2005	20,127,000	255.934	131,354	124,580	12.6	6.5	6.1	1.79	123,800
2006	20,394,000	263,540	134.041	129,499	12.8	6.5	6.3	1.82	146,700
2007	20,697,000	274,330	134,785	139,545	13.2	6.4	6.8	1.87	232,700
2008	21,015,000	302.272	143,946	158,326	14.4	6.8	7.6	2.02	277,400
2009	21,262,000	295,700	140.760	154,940	13.9	6.6	7.3	1.90	299,800
2010	22,183,000	297,900	143.473	154,427	13.4	6.4	7.0	1.89	172.038
2011	22,340,000	301,617	146.932	156.050	13.5	6.6	6.9	1.92	205,679
2012	22,723,000	309,582	147.098	161,782	13.6	6.5	7.1	1.91	241.151
2013	23,162,000	308.065	147,708	160.357	13.3	6.4	6.9	1.88	235.797
2014	23,413,000	299,697	153,400	146,300	12.8	6.5	6.3	1.80	179,000
2015	23,858,000	305.377	159.052	146.325	12.8	6.7	6.1	1.81	181,000
2016	24,385,600	311.104	158.504	152,600	12.9	6.5	6.4	1.79	243,800
2017	24,770,700	309.142	160.909	148.233	12.6	6.5	6.1	1.74	241,700
2018	25.180.200	315.147	158.493	156,654	12.6	6.5	6.1	1.74	248,400

Historical development of life expectancy

1921-1950

Years	1921	1922	1923	1924	1925	1926	1927	1928	1929	1930
Life expectancy in Australia	61.0	62.9	61.7	62.5	63.2	62.9	62.8	62.9	63.1	64.9

Years	1931	1932	1933	1934	1935	1936	1937	1938	1939	1940
Life expectancy in Australia	65.3	65.6	65.4	64.8	65.1	65.2	65.8	65.8	65.8	66.2

Years	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	1946	1947	1948	1949	1950
Life expectancy in Australia	66.1	65.9	66.4	68.0	68.5	68.0	68.6	68.5	69.1	69.0

1950-2015

period	Life expectancy in years	period	Life expectancy in years
1950-1955	69.4	1985-1990	76.2
1955-1960	70.4	1990-1995	77.7
1960-1965	70.9	1995-2000	78.8
1965-1970	70.8	2000-2005	80.3
1970-1975	71.8	2005-2010	81.5
1975-1980	73.6	2010-2015	82.3
1980-1985	75.1

Source: Our World in Data and UN World Population Prospects

Historical development of the age structure

Median age in Australia (2011)

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Age	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2007	2016
0-14 years	35.1	31.6	31.8	28.5	24.2	27.2	30.3	28.7	25.0	21.9	20.5	19.4	18.6
15–24 years	19.4	20.1	16.9	18.1	17.5	14.1	14.3	17.4	17.4	16.0	13.7	14.0	12.8
25–44 years	29.4	28.8	30.0	29.3	30.0	29.4	27.7	27.4	28.4	28.6	30.0	29.2	27.9
45–64 years	12.0	14.8	17.0	18.0	20.9	20.4	19.9	20.0	19.2	19.3	23.1	25.0	25.1
65 years and older	4.0	4.3	4.5	6.1	7.4	8.1	8.5	8.3	9.8	11.3	12.6	13.2	15.8

Individual evidence

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