Direction principle
The Directorate principle was of 17 of the 19th century to the middle of the dominant organizing principle in mining beings in continental Europe . The term direction (Latin) means: direction, direction.
The principle of direction was applied more intensively after the Thirty Years 'War and was an instrument of the states' mercantilist economic policy . The mining industry as a whole was subject to strict state approval, control and supervision through the principle of management . The economic and technical management was increasingly taken from the owners of the mines .
Tasks of the mining authorities
The principle of direction transferred, for example, to the mining authorities within the framework of their right of direction
- the determination of wages and
- specify the division of the shifts,
- the technical development and
- To enable the expansion of mining,
- the opening and closing of pits ,
- To prescribe sales and pricing.
The principle of direction was applied until the middle of the 19th century, when state officials of the mining authorities promoted the development of mining according to a uniform plan for the benefit of the overall economy. In the course of increased industrialization and the increasingly necessary quick and market-oriented decisions, the management principle became too cumbersome. It was abandoned in the German states in the middle of the 19th century in favor of the inspection principle .
Advantages of the principle of direction
The management principle abolished the medieval regulations and customs, some of which were strongly inhibiting economic development, outdated production techniques were improved, and a more streamlined, goal-oriented management that was responsible for the overall economic benefit and efficient control of the entire mining industry was introduced. The management principle made it possible to manage existing or necessary joint capacities (e.g. joint pumping stations for several adjacent mining operations) and promoted the economic development of the state. Technical developments and innovations (e.g. steam engines ) could be implemented more quickly, and comprehensive scientific research was sometimes only made possible.
The short-term profit thinking, due to which mountain ailments were not adequately prevented in various cases, could be partially remedied by the state supervision and control.
Disadvantages of the direction principle
The principle of direction promoted increasing bureaucratism and excessive state interference even in the smallest business and technical questions. Increasing industrialization, however, required quick and market-oriented decisions that the state bureaucracy could not (no longer) make to the necessary extent. As a result, the management principle became an obstacle to further economic development and it had to be adapted accordingly. The principle of direction has been replaced by the principle of supervision ( inspection principle ).
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- ↑ See also the hierarchical structures in corporate management: principle of collegiality (also principle of collegiality) and principle of directorate (also principle of management)
- ↑ See for example the "General Mining Act for the Prussian States (ABG)" of June 24, 1865. The "Law on Shelf Mining in the Kingdom of Saxony" of May 22, 1851 replaced the Mining Regulations of Elector Christian of June 12, 1589 , but still adhered to the principle of direction. It was not until the General Mining Act for the Kingdom of Saxony of June 16, 1868 "(entered into force: January 3, 1869) that the principle of direction was largely abolished.
- ↑ For example, pits flooding, collapses due to incorrect dismantling, corridors being spilled, etc.
