Dirmerzheim

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dirmerzheim with Romanesque parish church of St. Remigius

Dirmerzheim is a northern district of Erftstadt in the North Rhine-Westphalian Rhein-Erft district in Germany .

location

Dirmerzheim is located in the Rotbachaue between Lechenich - Konradsheim and Gymnich . Highway 162 runs through the town.

history

Prehistory and Roman times

The history of the region around Dirmerzheim, like that of most of the other towns in Erftstadt , goes far beyond the Franconian era. Only 500 meters north-west of today's location, a ceramic band settlement was found and documented in Griesfeld (Gymnich) . The ceramics found south of the village (north of Konradsheim) in 1994 were fragments that were assigned to the late Latène period . Finds from Roman times , such as brick remains , ceramic fragments, but also a cremation grave , documented settlement in this epoch.

Living conditions in the Middle Ages and modern times

The place name Dirmerzheim refers to a Franconian settlement and means “home of Diormund or Dirmund”. The first written mention in a manuscript of the Benedictine monastery Cologne-Deutz is in 1155 Dirmerzheim as “Dirmundsheim” and the place of the parish of Lechenich. The manuscript lists the parishes that annually brought a donation or alms to the St. Heribert Monastery in Deutz. In the case of the Lechenich parish, the locations of the branch churches were also given . According to an archbishop's tax list drawn up by Archbishop Siegfried of Cologne around 1293, eleven families were liable to pay taxes, including the family of a Lechenich castle man, the Lechenich mayor and the family of two Lechenich aldermen .

It could not be clarified whether Dirmerzheim, like the other places in the Lechenich parish, originally belonged to the Lechenich citizenry and was only later spun off. When the citizenry was named in 1517, Dirmerzheim was not one of them. The Dirmerzheimer were mostly small farmers, but also a local innkeeper and a farrier worked their small pieces of land. For this they paid a basic lease and, in addition to the smokers to be delivered to the archbishop's winery in Lechenich, they also had to pay sovereign taxes. They also paid the big tithe to the St. Aposteln Abbey in Cologne. Some families were also liable to pay taxes to the noble family of the Hase von Konradsheim or other nobles.

Dirmerzheim formed its own honors in the Lechenich office and, like all honors, was obliged to provide services, manual and clamping services. Since 1700 mayors and parishioners have been listed, who on the one hand defended the interests of the sovereign but also those of the residents of the village. They raised the sovereign taxes, supervised the services for the elector, had to inspect the chimneys and made petitions to the authorities if the burdens on the village were too great. They protested against unreasonable demands and conferred with representatives of the other honors in order to try to jointly enforce the interests of the villages. They were obliged to submit the municipal invoice for income and expenses of the Honschaft to the bailiff or the administrator.

For the everyday life of the Dirmerzheimers there were fixed rules that had to be observed and adhered to. Anyone who did not adhere to the ordinances had to expect a prison sentence after an official interrogation in Lechenich . The Lechenich jury was responsible for all legal acts.

The population was heavily burdened by the armed conflicts of the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1642 Dirmerzheim was one of the places whose houses were burned down after the siege of Lechenich. The burdens from billeting , deliveries of forage and cash payments were so heavy that loans were necessary to pay for the forage. In 1709 the residents were forced to sell their parish office, which the Lechenich bailiff Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht acquired.

The number of houses had not changed from 1587 to 1664. When the property was recorded in 1660 and the tax records in 1664, the place consisted of 56 houses, 51 of which were farmhouses, four large courtyards and a mill belonging to the Hase von Konradsheim.

According to a tax list from 1738, the residents were divided into four classes. In the first class were the halves of the large estates, each of which paid three Reichshaler . The second class of “best heir” (wealthy) hardly differed from the third class, which consisted mainly of craftsmen . Both classes paid a Reichstaler. Of the 43 people recorded in fourth grade who paid 40 Albus , 30 were described as day laborers , the rest as poor widows. There were also eleven people who were not assigned to any class. These classless were beggars or poor widows and paid nothing.

In the course of the 18th century, Dirmerzheim expanded and became independent. Groceries could be bought in the village, and the craftsmen needed for everyday necessities were available. Dirmerzheim belonged to the Electoral Cologne Office of Lechenich until the time of French rule .

Noble and spiritual property

The Elector's Court

The Archbishop and Elector of Cologne owned a farm in Dirmerzheim on the Hostert, which lay on the Rotbach flowing through the village , which filled the moats surrounding the property. The farm was leased from the winery in Lechenich on behalf of the elector. The house, which burned down in 1642, was still not built in 1650, so the Halfen was granted a lease discount. In 1661 the farm included four acres of courtyard area , 60 acres of arable land and 10½ acres of Benden . In the 18th century repairs to the courtyard buildings and the construction of dams had to be made to protect against the annual floods .

The Archbishop and Elector of Cologne had given several estates to aristocrats who, with his consent, could dispose of these fiefs themselves. These goods, large water-enclosed courtyards, lay along the Rotbach.

Dirmerzheim Castle

Courtyard gate of the former castle

In 1450, Karsil Rost von Dirmerzheim, a descendant of the Rost von Dirmerzheim family, named since 1334 in Dirmerzheim, was enfeoffed with the “Dirmerzheimer Burg”, which his wife Margarethe Wolff von Rheindorf brought to Johann von Buschfeld after his death when they married again. Her daughter received the farm as a dowry for her marriage to Arnold von Gymnich in 1477. The noble residence remained in the possession of the von Gymnich family until it was sold to the Altenberg Abbey in 1699. After the description of 1587 and the measurement of all goods in Dirmerzheim From 1659 to 1661 the manor house and courtyard area with a vegetable garden, dams and ponds, a total of six acres, as well as 146 acres of arable land and 12 acres of Benden (meadows) belonged. Since the owners, the lords of Gymnich and the abbots of Altenberg, did not live in the castle and had the farm run by tenants, it was not converted into a castle, as was the case with other knight seats in the surrounding area.

Ketzgenshof

Another large court that was assigned as a feudal court for centuries was the Ketzgens- or Katzenhof. The farm first mentioned around 1400, owned by the von Hoilbuch family, was inherited by von Krieckenbeck, known as Barle, in 1450. After that, the cats or heretics were enfeoffed with the farm, which they let run by tenants (Halfen). A heir to the Ketzgen family brought the farm to the von Bodelschwing family, who in 1785 sold the farm property (i.e. farm area, arable land and Benden) to the von Gymnich family.

Weiherhof

With the Weiherhof, a sub- fief of the Cologne hereditary vogtei , Wilhelm von Turre called von der Zieselsmaar was enfeoffed. He bequeathed it to his relative Evert von Zweiffel, whose heirs sold it to Jakob von Harff in 1566. In 1650 the court was owned by the elector and given as a fief. The farm passed through succession to various owners, from Efferen zu Stolberg, von Frentz, von Broich, and in 1729 to von Zehmann from Amberg in Bavaria. The courtyard, residential house and courtyard buildings were burned down in 1689 when the French troops withdrew, but were not rebuilt afterwards. In 1760 Zehmann sold the farm to the Lords of Gymnich with the permission of the elector.

Dirmerzheimer mill

The Dirmerzheimer mill of the house of Konradsheim, which was first mentioned in 1357, was also located on Rotbach. In 1622 the grain mill at Dirmerzheim fell to Wessel von Loe zu Wissen , who was married to Degenhard Hase's eldest daughter. He did not succeed in enforcing the mill compulsion for the two mills in Dirmerzheim and Ahrem . After a comparison with Archbishop and Elector Ferdinand in 1627, the residents of Konradsheim were released from the Lechenich mill compulsory and could have milled at the Dirmerzheimer mill, but they were not obliged to do so, as were the residents of Dirmerzheim, who also milled at the Dirmerzheimer mill .

In addition to the aristocratic estates, there were property in spiritual possession, the largest of which was the court of the Cologne Jesuits and the Steinfeld court.

Courtyard of the Steinfeld Monastery

On Dirmerzheimer Strasse next to the church was a courtyard that the Steinfeld Abbey had bought in the mid-18th century for the Norbertine seminary in Cologne, which was under the control of Steinfeld Abbey.

Goods of the Jesuit order

The Jesuits had taken over the 70 acres of farmland and land of the Jesuit Order in Dirmerzheim in 1588 from the property of the dissolved St. Isidor Monastery in Bonn . When the order was dissolved in 1773, ownership fell to the Cologne seminary , and then, according to a contract between the elector and the city of Cologne, to the Dreikönigsgymnasium there , at which the ex-Jesuits continued to work as teachers.

Changes to the townscape in the 19th and 20th centuries

Over the centuries, the place developed into a street village along today's Dirmerzheimer Landstrasse, the former Strubbelstrasse, and Bachstrasse am Rotbach, today's Brückenstrasse, from which small side streets branched off.

French time

From the invasion of the French revolutionary troops in 1794 and the following years of occupation up to 1797, the Dirmerzheim population was heavily burdened by billeting , contributions , manual and clamping services and forage deliveries . After the establishment of new administrative districts under French rule in 1798 and 1800, the municipalities of Dirmerzheim and Gymnich formed the Mairie Gymnich in the canton of Lechenich in the Arrondissement de Cologne in the Département de la Roer .

In 1799 Dirmerzheim had 108 heads of household, 366 residents and 153 children. 52 families described themselves as day laborers, excluding the sons and daughters of the widows who lived in their household. 23 families were farmers, 16 of the remaining families were in business. Of the two Jewish families living in the village, a total of 11 people, one was considered very poor. In the local families, the heads of households included a miller, a blacksmith, and an ace maker, two were grocers, two shoemakers, two cooper, two tailors, two white bread bakers and three linen weavers. 10 women lived as widows in their own households. The pastor, an adjunct (parish assistant), a teacher, a sexton teacher and a field guard lived in Dirmerzheim.

After the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801, the areas on the left bank of the Rhine belonged to the French state and the residents of Dirmerzheim became French citizens.

As a result of the secularization in 1802, the elector's court, known as the “Heustershof”, was nationalized and auctioned in Aachen in 1807 . The farm buildings were demolished in the following period and the farmland was divided among several owners.

The knight seat of the Altenberg monastery was secularized as a spiritual property, the buildings and over 200 acres of farmland and Benden were sold in 1807 as "Tilmeshof" (Timannshof). For decades the farm was named Kompshof after the owners.

The Steinfeld Monastery, which was also secularized and sold, also came into private ownership.

Prussian time

The Maire Gymnich remained in Prussian times as a mayor, then from 1927 as an office. It stayed that way until the municipal administrative reform and the formation of the city of Erftstadt in 1969.

With the intensification of lignite mining at the end of the 19th century, many residents of Dirmerzheim earned their living in the pits or briquette factories of the Rhenish lignite companies , especially in Zieselsmaar. In addition, they continued to farm for their own use.

The construction of the two provincial roads Neuss - Kerpen -Lechenich in 1854, and Lechenich - Derkum - Euskirchen in 1857 brought Dirmerzheim a significant improvement in traffic connections. Dirmerzheim was also connected to the regional transport network by the post bus service, since the 1920s by motor post buses , from Cologne to Gymnich via Lechenich and back.

St. Remigius

St. Remigius

The church, first mentioned in 1357, is slightly elevated and is separated from the country road that runs past by the churchyard wall.

The outer walls of the church, which consist of field stones, quarry stone and Roman finds, are up to a height of almost four meters for the most part from the remains of the original structure, a Romanesque hall church built in the 11th century with a retracted square choir . It was a branch of the Lechenich parish church St. Kilian and the St. Aposteln Abbey in Cologne incorporated . In 1758 Dirmerzheim became its own parish. The church was structurally changed several times. In 1778 the church tower was erected outside the church in connection with an extension. After the war damage was restored in 1946, the church received an extension in 1958/60 with a transept inserted into the nave. This created a cross-shaped floor plan. The altar was given its new location at the level of the crossing . The choir, located a little lower than the nave, found a new purpose as a baptistery. The floor of the choir consists of raised clay tiles laid in artistic patterns. (The clay plates used as the potters' firing aids were sold for further use after firing.) The late Gothic frescoes uncovered in 1946 are works from the year 1523, they were thoroughly restored in 1981/82. The frescoes in the vault show symbols of the Passion and Resurrection of Christ, a handkerchief and the lamb of God , which has a scroll with the Roman year MDXXIII (1523). The paintings on the choir walls depict St. Remigius and the 12 apostles who are related to the monastery of St. Aposteln in Cologne.

  • Sacrament house 15th century

  • An angel making music around 1280

  • Ceiling painting from 1523

Rectory

Former rectory

After Dirmerzheim was raised to the parish in 1758, the congregation committed itself to building a rectory, which was built next to the church in 1760. At the end of the 19th century, the small rooms, which also housed many of the church's furnishings, no longer met the requirements of the time. Therefore a new rectory in neo-Gothic style was built opposite the church from 1894 to 1898. After the death of the last pastor in 1987, the house, which was restored in 1994/95, served as a parish home, then the basement as a parish office. After the pastoral reorganization of the Archdiocese of Cologne and the creation of a larger pastoral care area, the office was closed in 2010.

School system

At the end of the 17th century, several families had determined the income of a foundation for the payment of a schoolmaster . In the 18th century, a sexton teacher taught the school children. After the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1825 by the Prussian government, a trained teacher taught, whose position was connected to the sexton until 1867. From 1830 the place had an elementary school , the building of which was expanded several times with extensions and replaced by a new building in 1962. In 1970 the school was closed. Since then, the primary school students have been attending the primary school in Gymnich, the older students predominantly the secondary schools in the Lechenich school center. The school buildings came into private ownership through sale. The place has a municipal day care center, the " Montessori Children's House ".

Incorporation

On July 1, 1969 Dirmerzheim was incorporated into Erftstadt.

Today's townscape

Numerous renovations and new buildings in the old town center and on the periphery have greatly changed the old village image. After the transfer of the Rotbach brook in 1968/1969, which flows into the Erft in a new brook bed outside the village, and by backfilling the brook bed, the brook street became today's Brückenstraße. It consists of two parallel streets that are connected by several transverse paths. The green area planted with two rows of trees between the two streets is reminiscent of the earlier course of the brook.

today's Tilmannshof

The old aristocratic courts such as Ketzgenshof, Weiherhof and the electoral court have disappeared, their location can be deduced from cadastral maps .

At Dirmerzheimer Burg, today named Tilmannshof after a former tenant, apartments were set up in a wing of the farm buildings. They border on the former baroque manor house , whose groin-vaulted cellar belonged to an earlier castle complex. The remains of the moat, which until a few decades ago enclosed the rear part of the courtyard, have disappeared.

The von Loe family's mill was acquired by the Radmacher family in 1905. The mill, which had been converted to electrical operation before the Second World War, was in operation until 1954. A few years ago the abandoned mill house of the former mill was converted into apartments in consultation with the state curator.

Dirmerzheim's population has grown steadily due to the displaced persons and in later years due to the influx of many new residents.

The town offers hardly any income opportunities to its working residents; almost all of them are commuters between their place of residence and an external job, mostly in the nearby industrial companies or in Cologne. Agriculture no longer plays a role in the village. A horse boarding house is located outside the village between Dirmerzheim and Gymnich. A bakery, a drugstore and a branch of the Raiffeisenbank Gymnich ensure local supplies for the residents. In 2007 the square at the intersection of Brückenstraße, Platzstraße and Am Schießberg was expanded to become the center of the village. The place has a very active village community, in which the newcomers are integrated and, like the long-time residents, participate in the lively club life in numerous associations.

Since September 1997 the place has had a community center, which was built behind the church on a piece of land provided by the church jointly by the parish and the city of Erftstadt. It consists of two parts, a parish center and a multi-purpose hall.

Dirmerzheim had a total of 2192 inhabitants on March 31, 2018. The local mayor is currently Wilfried Esser. (As of April 2018) Dirmerzheim is connected to the regional transport network by bus route 920 from Erftstadt train station via Lechenich to Kerpen - Horrem with a train connection to Cologne and Aachen . The next motorway junction is Erftstadt-Gymnich on the A 61 .

Attractions

In Dirmerzheim there are some buildings that have been placed under monument protection. These include the parish church of St. Remigius, the Tilmannshof and the Mühlenhof, as well as brick houses from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and half-timbered houses . There is also an old wayside shrine and the small Jewish cemetery on Baumstrasse, the smallest in the Rhein-Erft district. A Prussian milestone stands outside the town on the road to Gymnich .

graveyard

In 1865, the cemetery that had previously been around the church was abandoned and a new cemetery was set up on a piece of land acquired by the community at the end of the village on the road to Gymnich.

literature

  • Frank Kretzschmar: Churches, monasteries and chapels in the Erftkreis. Cologne 1992. ISBN 3-7927-0821-3
  • Josef Recker: Dirmerzheim through the ages 1758–2008. 250 years of St. Remigius. Dirmerzheim 2008.
  • Karl Stommel : The French population lists from Erftstadt. City of Erftstadt 1989
  • Karl and Hanna Stommel: Sources on the history of the city of Erftstadt. Volume 1-5. Erftstadt 1990–1998.
  • Cornelius Bormann : Dirmerzheim, the double street village. Yearbook of the city of Erftstadt 1996. Pages 5–22

Web links

Commons : Dirmerzheim  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eric Biermann, From Stone Age farmers and Roman country estates in: Erftstadt Yearbook 2009. Pages 19–30
  2. ↑ Bernhard Schreiber: Archaeological finds and monuments of the Erftstadt area, pages 128–129
  3. ↑ Heinrich Dittmauer, the left bank of place names up village and- home. Bonn 1979. page 40
  4. ↑ HAStK inventory of Deutz Abbey RH2, copy of the lost Codex thiodorici
  5. ↑ HAStK Best. Auswärtiges 170b, published in K. and H. Stommel: Sources for the history of the city of Erftstadt, Volume 1, No. 178
  6. ↑ HAStK inventory Domstift deed No. 3/1978, published in Stommel: Sources Volume 3 No. 1559
  7. ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht, file 51
  8. ↑ HSTAD inventory of Kurköln II 1904
  9. ↑ HAStK inventory clerical department 38b, published in Stommel: Sources Volume 5 No. 2964
  10. ^ Archives Schloss Gracht file no.61
  11. ^ Archives Schloss Gracht, file 61
  12. ↑ Archive Schloss Gracht, File 49, Brief Protocols
  13. ^ Walram / Sarburg: The heroic defense of the castle and town of Lechenich 1642. Cologne 1643
  14. ↑ Archive Castle Gracht Certificate No. 184
  15. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln II 1117, published in Stommel: Sources Volume 4 No. 2561 and No. 2570
  16. ↑ Schloss Gracht File No. 61
  17. ^ Archive Schloss Gracht file no.51
  18. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln IV 3490 published in Stommel, Quellen Volume IV No. 2498
  19. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln II 2599, published in Stommel, Quellen Vol. IV No. 2561
  20. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln IV 5041-5050, published in Stommel, Sources Volume V No. 2874
  21. ^ Archive Castle Gymnich Certificate No. 178
  22. ↑ Collection Oidtmann Mappe 182 Buschfeld, published in Stommel, Sources Volume II No. 1258
  23. ↑ Holdings Altenberg Certificate No. 1151, published in Stommel, Sources Volume V No. 2781
  24. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln II 1904, published in Stommel, Quellen Volume Iv No. 2063
  25. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln II 2599, published in Stommel, Quellen Vol. IV No. 2561
  26. ↑ HSTAD Electoral Cologne Lehen Spezialia 40, document no. 1, published in Stommel, sources Volume II Nr. 1072
  27. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln Lehen Spezialia 40 Certificate No. 4
  28. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln Lehen Spezialia 40 certificates No. 15 and No. 20
  29. ↑ HSTAD Archiv Zweiffel Certificate No. 28, No. 29, No. 30, No. 31, published in Stommel Sources Volume II No. 1313
  30. ↑ HSTAD Archive Zweiffel Certificate No. 58a
  31. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln Lehen Spezialia 41 Certificate No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and files Lehen Spezialia 41
  32. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln Lehen Spezialia files, published in Stommel Quellen Volume V No. 2832
  33. ↑ HSTAD Kurköln Lehen Spezialia 41 Certificate No. 4, No. 5, sold in Archive Schloss Gymnich U No. 1136
  34. ↑ HAStK inventory of St. Aposteln Repertories and Manuscripts 2, published in Stommel Quellen Volume I No. 415
  35. ^ Reichsarchiv Zwolle (NL), Archiv Rechteren No. 1453, published in Stommel Quellen Volume IV No. 2286
  36. ^ Archive Harff inventory Konradsheim File 51, published in Stommel Sources Volume IV No. 2312
  37. ↑ HSTAD inventory of the Dünnwald monastery files 17, published in Stommel, Sources Volume V No. 2930
  38. ↑ HAStK inventory of Jesuit files 1231, published in Stommel, Sources Volume IV No. 2068
  39. ↑ HAEK Mon. Gen. Jesuits and HAStK inventory of church matters (40), published in Stommel Quellen Volume V No. 2958
  40. ^ Karl Stommel: The French population lists from Erftstadt. City of Erftstadt 1989 pp. 86–110
  41. ^ Karl Stommel, The Beginnings of the Euskirchen District. Home calendar Euskirchen 1966 page 27
  42. ↑ W. Schieder (Ed.): Secularization and Mediatization in the Four Rhenish Departments, Canton Lechenich, page 467
  43. ↑ Stadtarchiv Erftstadt, log book of the municipality of Lechenich A03 1097 and A03 1096
  44. ↑ HAStK inventory of St. Aposteln Repertories and Manuscripts 2, published in Stommel Quellen Volume I No. 415
  45. ^ Kretschmar: Churches, monasteries and chapels in the Erftkreis, Dirmerzheim, pp. 72–73.
  46. ↑ HAEK Deanery Bergheim Dirmerzheim 2.
  47. ^ Josef Recker, 250 years of St. Remigius, page 51.
  48. ^ HAEK Deanery Bergheim Dirmerzheim 4, published in Stommel: Sources Volume V No. 2961.
  49. ^ Kretschmar: Churches, monasteries and chapels in the Erftkreis Dirmerzheim page 74.
  50. ^ Josef Recker, 250 years of St. Remigius, pages 88–91
  51. ^ Gudrun Grell, A foray through the history of the Dirmerzheim school. Yearbook of the City of Erftstadt 2010. Pages 51–59
  52. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 86 .
  53. ↑ Frank Kretschmar, mills, buildings and hidden corners in the Rhein-Erftkreis. Cologne 2004. page 95
  54. ↑ Josef Recker, 250 years of Dirmerzheim, pages 91–93
  55. ↑ http://www.erftstadt.de/web/infos-zu-erftstadt/die-stadt-in-zahlen
  56. ↑ https://www.erftstadt.de/web/rathaus-in-erftstadt/rat-und-ausschuesse/ortsbuergermeister

Coordinates: 50 ° 50 '  N , 6 ° 46'  E