Domaine royal

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In France , the development of the crown domain , the Domaine royal , from small beginnings to the time when almost the entire kingdom belonged to it, was the decisive means of the political unification of the country up to the implementation of absolutism and centralism . Since the end of Henry IV's reign in 1610, the Domaine royal was identical to the Kingdom of France. Only with the French Revolution and the decree of November 21, 1790 was the crown domain dissolved and transferred to the republican domaine national .

Development of the Domaine royal

The Domaine royal (blue) in 1180 and 1223

When Hugo Capet ascended to the throne in 987, the domaine royal consisted almost exclusively of royal rights and also of an area that was split into several parts and also could not withstand a comparison with the sphere of influence of, for example, the Counts of Blois and Champagne from 1022.

In the Île-de-France , only the county of Senlis and the Burgvogtei ( Châtellenie ) Poissy were part of the domaine royal, since Hugo Capet gave the counties of Paris , Melun and Dreux to Count Burchard I the Venerable of Vendôme for his support in return had given; Paris and Melun got Hugo's son Robert II back in 1016, Dreux got his grandson Heinrich I back in 1023.

In addition, further south, the counties Orléans and Étampes belonged to the Domaine royal and made up most of the property. In the north belonged the lords of Attigny in the county of Rethel and the important fortress of Montreuil in the Ponthieu .

In the period before King Philip II came to power in 1180, it was only possible to combine the divided property: Henry I acquired the county of Sens in 1055 , Philip I acquired the county of Gâtinais in 1068 , the Vexin français in 1074 and the Septaine de Bourges , Ludwig in 1108 VI. The county of Corbeil in 1112 and the county of Montlhéry in 1118 .

Only Philip II succeeded in the decisive expansion of the crown domain to the west ( Normandy ) and south ( Loire ), above all through victories against the English ruling there ; his successors Louis VIII and Louis IX. the Poitou and the Languedoc fell to. This contrasted with the introduction of the appanages , with which younger members of the royal family were supplied, and through which the extent of direct access by the king was at times considerably reduced.

In the 14th century about a third of France was under royal administration, in the 16th century it was the acquisition of Bourbon and Brittany , and at the beginning of the 17th century it was property that Henry IV brought with him into office.

Chronology of the growth of the French crown domain

Roberts II's reign (996-1031)

Reign of Henry I (1031-1060)

Reign of Philip I. (1060-1108)

Reign of Philip II (1180-1223)

Reign of Louis IX. (1226-1270)

Reign of Philip III. (1270-1285)

Reign of Philip IV (1285-1314)

Reign of Philip VI. (1328-1350)

Reign of Charles V (1364-1380)

Reign of Charles VII (1422–1461)

Reign of Louis XI. (1461–1483)

Reign of Charles VIII (1483–1498)

Reign of Louis XII. (1498–1515)

Reign of Francis I (1515–1547)

From the reign of Francis I, the terms Domaine royal and France are mixed together. With the betrayal of the Connétable of Bourbon and the assumption of government by Henry IV , the last fiefdoms are incorporated within the borders of the kingdom.

Reign of Louis XIV (1643–1715)

Reign of Louis XV. (1715–1774)

See also

Wikisource

French-language Wikisource :

literature

  • William Mendel Newman : Le domaine royal sous les premiers Capétiens 987–1180 . Recueil Sirey, Paris 1937.
  • L. Mirot: Manuel de geographie historique de la France . Volume 1: L'unité française . New edition of the 2nd edition 1947. Picard, Paris 1979, ISBN 2-7084-0033-9 .